Anatomical movement
Posterior
towards the back of my body; back or at the back of
Dorsiflexion
bringing toes up
3 types of planes
transverse sagittal frontal
The hips are superior/inferior to the shoulders.
inferior
The knee is distal/proximal to the ankle.
proximal
Frontal Plane
A cut that divides you by front and back.
Sagittal plane
A cut that divides you in halves, left and right.
Mid-sagittal plane
A sagittal cut that creates equal halves
Superior
Above; towards the head of the body or above
Medial
Close to the mid-line of the body; toward the midline of the body
The knees are (superior/inferior) to the waist
inferior
Internal rotation
turning in
External rotation
turning out
Jessica has just turned her foot to point out to the side in ballet class. What motion did she make with her hip?
external rotation
Prone
facing down wile lying down; lying face downwards
The shoulders are (lateral/medial) to the mid-line
lateral
The shoulders are medial/lateral to the spine.
lateral
The neck is (lateral/medial) to the arms
medial
ADduction
move a body part towards the body
ABduction
moving a body part away from the body
Inferior
Below; towards the feet, or below
Proximal
Closer to (you have to have a point 0 for this, such as- my wrist is proximal to my knuckles when consulting my elbow); closer to the top of the limb
Lateral
Point further from your mid-line; toward the side of the body, or away from the midline of the body
Flexion
Shortening the angle of a joint (bringing it forward)
What is the importance of having the anatomical position?
To have a reference point
Pronation (usually pertains to the wrist)
Turning something down. (like turning your palm down so your wrist pronates)
Supination (usually pertains to the wrist)
Turning something up. (like you would do with your wrist if you were holding a bowl of soup)
Anatomical position
-facing forward -palms forward -standing
Transverse plane
Across the middle, aka cutting through your abdomen
Distal
Away from (you have to have a point 0 for this, such as- my knee is distal to my ankle when consulting my big toe); closer toward the bottom or end of a limb
Extension
Elongating the angle of a joint (pushing it backwards)
Johnny's doctor taps him on the knee and his leg kicks out (straightens). What motion did his knee make?
Extension
The arms are (lateral/medial) to the mid-line
Lateral
The big toe is on the lateral/medial side of the foot.
Medial
Jewel has just pointed her toe in dance class. What motion did she make?
Plantarflexion
Jennifer swings her leg, straightened, out to the side to close a door with her foot. What motion did she make with her leg?
abduction
Joe has just stretched both arms upwards to try and wake himself up in class. What motion did he make at his shoulders?
abduction
Jamal is doing jumping jacks. What motion occurs at his hips as his feet move toward the middle?
adduction
The biceps are (posterior/anterior) to the triceps
anterior
The hand is distal/proximal to the elbow.
distal
Supine
facing up while lying down; lying face upwards
Circumduction
one end fixed, other is circulating
The hamstring is (posterior/anterior) to the quadriceps
posterior
The heel is (posterior/anterior) to the toes
posterior
The shoulder blade is on the anterior/posterior side of the body.
posterior
The calf muscle is (superior/inferior) to the ankle
superior
The elbow is (superior/inferior) to the wrist
superior
The hands are (superior/inferior) to the feet
superior
The knee is superior/inferior to the ankle
superior
Plantarflexion
toes down
Anterior
towards the front of the body; front, or in front of