Anatomy 142, Final exam!

Place the regions of the Nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation

A,E,B,D,C

When compared to an extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid contains

A. More potassium and more negatively charged proteins

The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the

A. cardiac sphincter

Ingestion of food results in water

A. intake as food contains some water

Decreases in blood pressure turn _____ the thirst center of the brain

A. on

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that blank synthesis of Na+/K+ pumps and Na+ channels in principle cells of kidney tubules

A.stimulates

This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number(s) indicate a renal papilla

B. 3

Which of the following is considered to be one of the primary digestive system hormones

B. Gastrin

Ovulation is induced by a peek in the secretion of

B. LH

What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum

B. b d c a f e

Structures of the male reproductive tract are..... What is the order in which sperm passes through these structures from the testes to the penis

B. c a e d b

Diabetes mellitus, profuse sweating and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to

B. dehydration

A cell that contains 23 pairs of chromosomes is

B. diploid

Menarche is

B. female's first menstrual cycle

The thirst center of the brain is located in the

B. hypothalamus

The buccal, lingual, and labial salivary glands are ______salivary glands

B. intrinsic

This figure shows a renal corpuscle. The two structures indicated by numbers 3 & 4 collectively from the

B. juxtaglomerular apparatus

When comparing alien adult female to lean adult male, which will most likely have a higher percentage of body fluid

B. male

The most abundant cation within cells is

B. potassium

In a female infant, the ovaries contain

B. primary oocytes within primordial follicles

the male homologous to the labia majora is the

B. scrotum

Sperm are produced in the

B. seminiferous tubules

A sphincter is a

B. thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the gi tract

Most potassium loss from the body occurs through

B. urine

Which is not a uterine function

B. usual site of fertilization

Which is the layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of internal organs

B. visceral peritoneum

When fluid intake equals fluid output, and there is a normal distribution of solvent and solutes in the body fluid compartments fluid ___ exists

Balance

Familiar hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of

Blood in the glomerular capillaries

Increases in secretion of the hormone ADH cause sodium concentration in the blood plasma to

C. Decrease

How are sodium levels and blood pressure related

C. Increased plasma sodium levels increase water retention, blood volume, and blood pressure

Which cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands

C. VII and IX

An enzyme found within saliva is salivary

C. amylase

The acrosome cap contains

C. enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte

What is the correct order for the phases of the ovarian cycle, beginning with day 1

C. follicular, luteal, ovulation

Which type of ovarian follicle contains a secondary oocyte

C. mature follicle

The type of receptor within the GI tract wall that detects stretch is the

C. mechanoreceptor

Posterior pituitary hormone that is crucial for milk ejection is

C. oxytocin

The speaker shows a renal corpuscle. What structure does number 6 indicate

C. proximal convoluted tubule

Mastication is a process that facilitates

C. swallowing of food, and it increases the surface area of the food for exposure to enzymes

Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of the ovarian cycle, and the luteal phase occurs on days

C.15-28

This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number indicates the renal pelvis

D. 8

Edema is an example of

D. Fluid sequestration

Which ion is the principal solid of the ECF and is crucial for neuromuscular and renal function

D. Sodium

The normal site of fertilization is the

D. ampulla of the uterine tube

An erection of the penis is caused by

D. blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins

What structure forms from the remnants of the follicle following ovulation

D. corpus luteum

In some digestive reflexes, the facial nerve stimulates salivary glands the salivary glands are acting as

D. effectors

Puberty is initiated when a region of the brain begins secreting

D. gonadotrophin releasing hormone

Cholecystokinin is a ____ released by the _____

D. hormones; small intestine

The lateral margin of the uterine tube, which bears are the fimbriae, is called

D. infundibulum

What is the correct order for the segments of the uterine tube, beginning at the ovary

D. infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine part

Peristalsis

D. is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the gi tract wall that propels materials through the tract

Progesterone levels are highest during the ____ phase

D. luteal

which is not a function of the digestive system

D. micturition

the initial site of both mechanical and chemical digestion is the

D. oral cavity

Human somatic cells contain only one pair of

D. sex chromosomes

The perineum consists of an anterior

D. urogenital triangle and posterior anal triangle

ANP is a hormone that causes

Dilation of the afferent arterioles and inhibition of renin release

The gonads

E. all choices are correct

This figure shows a renal corpuscle. What structure does number 1 indicate

E. efferent arteriole

which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract

E. liver

The myometrium of the uterus is composed of

E. smooth muscle

An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the

Efferent arteriole

Sympathetic nervous system influences on glomerular filtration rate are considered ____ controls

Extrinsic

From innermost to outermost the protective layer on the kidneys are the

Fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat

The thick tangle of capillary loops found within a corpuscle is known as the

Glomerulus

An elevated level of potassium in the blood is referred to as

Hyperkalemia

What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the ____ and its ___ limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule

Medulla, ascending

Which of the following choices lists structures in the order in which urine flows through them

Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

Urine passes from the renal papilla into a

Minor calyx, then to major calyx, then to renal pelvis

For glucose to be reabsorbed from the tubular Lumen it is transported into the tubule cell by means of a

Na+ / Glucose symporter

Each kidney contains more than a million "functional units" called _____

Nephrons

Most tubular reabsorption occurs in the

Proximal convoluted tubule, where cells have many microvilli

Which is not a function of the kidneys

Regulation of lymphocyte production

Which is the correct sequence of arteries that a drop of blood would flow through as it entered the kidney and move toward the glomerulus

Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery

An accumulation of fluid in one area of the body, such that the fluid is not available for use elsewhere, is known as fluid ______

Sequestration

In order to accommodate the large liver,

The right kidney is about 2 centimeters inferior to the left kidney

As an individual becomes dehydrated, the net movement of fluid in their body is from cells toward plasma

True

The ______ transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Ureters

If someone in an accident suffered severe burns as well as Hemorrhage, they would be at high risk for

Volume depletion

This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. What structure does number 5 indicate

b. Renal lobe

The internal urethral sphincter is formed by skeletal muscle fibers of the urogenital diaphragm

false

The ball of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the

glomerulus

Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

true

Angiotensin II, aldosterone, and ADH each help decrease urine output

true

Increases in NFP result in increases in GFR

true

Sympathetic fibers inhibit micturition

true

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide ANP causes an increase in GFR

true