Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 3 HW1

True or False: Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water.

False

True or False: Ribosomes are found attached to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm

False (attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum)

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

Flagella

True or False: Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA

True

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur?

cellular energy

Which of the following is primarily composed of DNA?

chromatin

cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface

cilia

What is required for diffusion to occur?

concentration gradient

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ____________

cytoplasm

internal framework composed of a network of protein structures

cytoskeleton

Type of passive process in which molecules move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient

diffusion

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.

do not require ATP

Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis or pinocytosis

endocytosis

What process permits absorption of glucose into cells?

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? A) facilitated diffusion and solute pumping B) osmosis and filtration C) vesicular transport and osmosis D) filtration and exocytosis E) facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport

facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

True or False: Diffusion occurs when molecules move against their concentration gradients

false

True or False: Osmosis takes place when water goes from an area of low water concentration to an area of high water concentration.

false

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle? A) Golgi apparatus B) Rough ER C) Mitochondrion D) Flagellum E) Perixosome

flagellum

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ___________

golgi apparatus

packages substances for release from cell

golgi apparatus

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?

hypertonic

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell.

hypotonic

In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following?

isotonic to each other

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________.

lysosome

site of intracellular digestion

lysosomes

cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins

microtubules

increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption

microvilli

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the __________________

mitochondria

site of ATP synthesis

mitochondria

genetic control center of the cell

nucleus

What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?

nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ______________

organelles

Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins

osmosis

What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane?

osmosis

What are two types of endocytosis?

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic?

phopholipid tails

What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?

plasma membrane

What is required for filtration to occur?

pressure gradient

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

protein carrier or channel

site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm?

ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm

synthesizes cholesterol and fat

smooth ER

type of active transport in which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP

solute pumping

If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells?

the cells will lose water and shrink

What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?

water leaves the cells and the cells shrink

True or False: Active processes, such as solute pumping, use ATP.

true

True or False: The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier

true