Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5

There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. The term for lack of blood vessels is ______.

avascular

The three recognizable zones along the length of a hair are ______.

bulb, root, shaft

The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.

collagen

Another name for the skin is the ______ membrane.

cutaneous membrane

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ______, keratinized cells.

dead

The root and shaft of a hair consist of ______ epithelial cells, while the hair bulb contains ______ epithelial cells.

dead, living

The reticular layer of the dermis is ______.

deep to the papillary layer

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______.

epidermal ridges

The skin is made up of two distinct layers, the _____ and the _____.

epidermis and dermis

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

Most cells of the stratum spinosum are ______.

keratinocytes

Pigment producing cells of the epidermis are ______.

melanocytes

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine and apocrine

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine sweat glands

Sebaceous glands produce (an) ______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface

oily

The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.

papillary

Melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes in the stratum basale via the process of ______ or exocytosis.

phagocytosis

The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory product after ______.

puberty

The secretions of sebaceous glands, called ______ is usually deposited into a ______.

sebum, hair follicle

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

stratum basale

Which layer is the most superficial in the epidermis?

stratum corneum

The stratum granulosum is just superficial to the ______.

stratum spinosum

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

Nails and hair are components of the integumentary system. (Also skin)

true

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks.

2

How many layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum?

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ____ week(s).

4

The integument accounts for about _____% of the body weight.

8%

Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer?

Energy reservoir Protection Thermal insulation

The two types of connective tissue in the dermis are ______.

areolar and dense irregular

Since there are no blood vessels in the epidermis, where does its supply of nutrients come from?

blood vessels in the dermis

The main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of ______ fibers that extend internally from the reticular layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer.

collagen

The connective tissue root sheath of a hair follicle are derived from the ______.

dermis

Epidermal accessory organs are located in the ______ and may project through the ______ to the surface of skin.

dermis, epidermis

Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.

holocrine, sebum

The cells of the epidermis that produce keratin are called ______.

keratinocytes

The nail plate covers a layer of epidermis that is called the ______.

nail bed

The accessory organs of the epidermis are hair, ______, ______ glands and sweat glands.

nails, sebaceous

Epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune function by their ______ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders.

phagocytic

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.

proteins and lipids

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

simple, coiled, tubular

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into __________.

sweat ducts/hair follicles

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ________ glands and _______ glands.

sweat, sebaceous