Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5
There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. The term for lack of blood vessels is ______.
avascular
The three recognizable zones along the length of a hair are ______.
bulb, root, shaft
The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.
collagen
Another name for the skin is the ______ membrane.
cutaneous membrane
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ______, keratinized cells.
dead
The root and shaft of a hair consist of ______ epithelial cells, while the hair bulb contains ______ epithelial cells.
dead, living
The reticular layer of the dermis is ______.
deep to the papillary layer
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.
eleidin
The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______.
epidermal ridges
The skin is made up of two distinct layers, the _____ and the _____.
epidermis and dermis
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
Most cells of the stratum spinosum are ______.
keratinocytes
Pigment producing cells of the epidermis are ______.
melanocytes
The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.
merocrine and apocrine
The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.
merocrine sweat glands
Sebaceous glands produce (an) ______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface
oily
The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.
papillary
Melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes in the stratum basale via the process of ______ or exocytosis.
phagocytosis
The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory product after ______.
puberty
The secretions of sebaceous glands, called ______ is usually deposited into a ______.
sebum, hair follicle
The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.
stratum basale
Which layer is the most superficial in the epidermis?
stratum corneum
The stratum granulosum is just superficial to the ______.
stratum spinosum
The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.
thick skin
Nails and hair are components of the integumentary system. (Also skin)
true
Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks.
2
How many layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum?
3-5
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ____ week(s).
4
The integument accounts for about _____% of the body weight.
8%
Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer?
Energy reservoir Protection Thermal insulation
The two types of connective tissue in the dermis are ______.
areolar and dense irregular
Since there are no blood vessels in the epidermis, where does its supply of nutrients come from?
blood vessels in the dermis
The main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of ______ fibers that extend internally from the reticular layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer.
collagen
The connective tissue root sheath of a hair follicle are derived from the ______.
dermis
Epidermal accessory organs are located in the ______ and may project through the ______ to the surface of skin.
dermis, epidermis
Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.
holocrine, sebum
The cells of the epidermis that produce keratin are called ______.
keratinocytes
The nail plate covers a layer of epidermis that is called the ______.
nail bed
The accessory organs of the epidermis are hair, ______, ______ glands and sweat glands.
nails, sebaceous
Epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune function by their ______ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders.
phagocytic
The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.
proteins and lipids
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.
simple, coiled, tubular
The secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into __________.
sweat ducts/hair follicles
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ________ glands and _______ glands.
sweat, sebaceous