Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter One

Endogastric means

within the stomach

An organ is best described as which of the following? A. A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function B. Two or more organs, that work together for a common function C. A group of cells working together for a common function D. A single complete individual E. The smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life

A. A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function

Which is an example of an organelle? A. Mitochondria B. Epithelia C. Stomach D. Skin

A. Mitochondria

Organelles are composed of ______. A. molecules B. cells C. organs D. tissues

A. Molecules

What is a group of organs with a unique collective function called? A. Organ system B. Organelle C. Organism

A. Organ System

Which of the following is a process by which an educated guess is capable of being tested and may be proven false by experimentation? A. Scientific method B. Socratic method C. Scientific hypothesis

A. Scientific Method

Which of the following is an example of a physiological negative feedback mechanism? A. Blood clotting cascade B. Body Temperature C. Contractions during delivery

B. Body Temperature

Which of the following describes the integration center of a feedback mechanism? A. A molecule, cell, or organ that carries out a response to a stimulus B. Processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be C. A cell or organ specialized to detect a stimulus

B. Processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be

What receptor detects pressure changes?

Baroreceptor

The receptors located in the heart, aortic arch, and carotid sinuses that trigger autonomic reflexes in the response to fluctuations in blood pressure is known as

Baroreceptors

Which statement best describes a theory? A. A verbal or mathematical description of a predictable natural phenomenon or of the relationship between variables B. Information that can be independently verified by any trained person in a field C. An informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially falsified by experimentation or data collection

C. An informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially falsified by experimentation or data collection

To be considered a scientific fact, information must be what? A. Peer reviewed B. Statistically tested C. Independently verified D. Theorized

C. Independently Verified

Which of the following describes a single complete individual? A. Organelle B. Organ system C. Organism D. Organ E. Atom

C. Organism

In the word "cardiology", the root is _______

Cardi-

What is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life?

Cell

What is the plural form of cortex?

Cortices

Information that can be independently verified by any trained person is called which of the following? A. Hypothesis B. Statistical test C. Theory D. Fact

D. Fact

Which of the following is made by joining two or more different atoms together? A. Element B. Neutron C. Electron D. Molecule

D. Molecule

What is the process of transforming a cell with no specialized function into a cell with a specialized function called?

Differentiation

Without the use of energy, matter and energy tend to flow _______

Down Gradients

The internal state of the body is best described as a(n) _________ equilibrium, where there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point

Dynamic

What type of equilibrium occurs when here is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around the point?

Dynamic Equilibrium

A structure that carries out a response to a stimulus is called a(n) _________

Effector

What prefix means "above" or "on top"?

Epi-

The "duct of Santorini" is an example of the use of a(n) _____

Eponym

Terms that identify the discoverer of a structure are called _______

Eponym(s)

Responsiveness is also known as __________

Excitability

What is the ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce quick reactions called?

Excitability

True or false: The scientific method is based on an informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially proved false by experimentation or data collection.

False

A difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variable between one point and another is a physiological ______

Gradient

What languages are most medical terms derived from?

Greek and Latin

What is an increase in the size of a call or organism called?

Growth

If the textbook states a value for a typical human heart rate, you should assume that the value refers to the heart rate of a(n) _________

Healthy 22-Year Old

Without the expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of ______ concentration to a region of ______ concentration.

Higher, Lower

A physician's assistant devises a treatment plan based on the patient's age, lab results, economic status, perceptions, and emotions. What type of treatment is this?

Holism

The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in spite of changes in the external environment is known as _________

Homeostasis

What is the body's tendency to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in its external environment called?

Homeostasis

Part of a hip bone is an __________, while the final portion of the small intestine is the ________

Ilium, Ileum

Which part of a feedback mechanism processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of action?

Integrating Center

A generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave is called a _________ of nature.

Law

A generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave is called a ___________ of nature

Law

What is a verbal or mathematical description of a predictable natural phenomenon called?

Law of Nature

A molecule of large size and high molecular weight, such as protein, is called a(n) _________

Macromolecule(s)

Proteins and DNA are?

Macromolecules

The name of a middle-ear bone is ______, while the name of a bony protuberance at the ankle is ______.

Malleus, Malleolus

A ________ is made up of two or more atoms

Molecule

When some bodily changes are detected, responses are activated that reverse the change restoring stability and preserving normal body function. This would be an example of what type of feedback?

Negative

What is an anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it called?

Organ

Fill in the correct term for the following sequence: macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, _______ , organ systems, organism

Organ(s)

A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis is termed a(n) __________

Organism

The plural form of phalanx is

Phalanges

Medical mistakes, such as prescribing the wrong dose of medication, can result from failure to consider what?

Physiological Variation

Which structure encloses a human cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell?

Plasma Membrane

What type of feedback is a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction

Positive

The name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(n) ____________

Receptor

Which theory states that a more complex structure can be understood by studying its smaller parts?

Reductionism

Is a process by which an educated guess is capable of being tested and may be proven false by experimentation?

Scientific Method

Changes in the environment, to which organisms respond, are called what?

Stimuli

A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an organ __________

System

An international body of anatomists convened in 1998 to standardize anatomical terminology. The result was a book known as the ______, which accepts both Latin and common English equivalents.

Terminologia Anatomica

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a(n) ____________

Tissue

Acronyms are terms that do?

Use the first letter of a series of words

An organelle is best described as?

A microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual function