Anatomy & Physiology - Directional Terms

In the 17th and 18th centuries, anatomists were certified to:

* perform tightly regulated human dissections * were held as public events, with admission fees * attended by the likes of Michaelangelo and Rembrandt

In 1832, Britain passed the Anatomy Act, which provided:

* students with plentiful corpse, in the form of executed murderers.

The single motor neuron runs about:

- a meter long from end to end. - The length of the entire leg, from your big toe to the bottom of your spine.

Examples of Complimentary of structure and function:

- blood flows in one direction through your heart because it's valves prevent it from flowing backwards. - your bones are strong and hard; this allows them to protect and support all your soft parts. - from cells to tissues to systems.

Complimentary of structure and function defined:

- the function of a cell or an organ or a whole organism always reflects its form.

Organ Systems

A group of two or more organs working together for a specific job; e.g. the digestive system, The liver, stomach, and intestines of your digestive system.

Directional terms defined:

Anatomy's standardized set of directional terms that describe where one body part is in relation to another;Verbal Map

The eyes are _____ on the body. (position)

Anterior

The breastbone is ______ to the spine. (position)

Anterior - in front of

Appendicular Parts

Arms and legs (appendages)

The smallest of living things is the:

Cells

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

Distal because it's farther from the center.

Axial Parts

Head, neck, and trunk of the body.

Everyone's ultimate cause of death is the extreme and irreversible loss of:

Homeostasis

The pelvis is _____ to the stomach. (position)

Inferior, or caudal - below it

The heart is ________ to the arms (position)

Medial

Proximal

Nearer to the trunk of the body.

Parasagittal Plane

Plane parallel to the Sagittal Plane, but to one side.

The butt is ________ on the body. (position)

Posterior

The heart is ________ to the breastbone.

Posterior, or behind

The knee is _____ to the ankle because it's closer the the axial.

Proximal

The smallest cells in your body is the:

Red blood cell, measures five micrometers across.

The jaw is ____ to the lungs.

Superior, located above

The head is _____ on the body.

Superior, or cranial - upper part of body

Homeostasis

The ability of all living systems to maintain stable, internal conditions no matter what changes are occurring outside the body is:

The Body

The atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems combine to form the highest level of organization

Appendicular Parts are attached to:

The body's Axis.

Physiology is the study of

The science of how body parts come together to function, and keep the body alive.

Organs

Tissues are organized into:, group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions. - The heart, liver, lungs, skin, and etc. that perform specific functions.

anatomical position

To stand erect with feet foward and arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Physiology is about:

What the body does.

Anatomy is all about:

What the body is.

The smallest of a Complimentary of structure and function is:

atoms

Lateral

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

2nd century Greek physician Claudius Galenus learned A&P by:

conducting vivisections on pig.

Coronal Plane - Frontal

divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. (front & back)

transverse plane - horizontal

divides the body into superior and inferior portions (top & bottom)

Nowadays, students work on educational cadavers to learn about the human body. These cadavers are volunteers who

donate their body to science after the die.

Distal

farther away from the trunk of the body

Anterior - Ventral

front of the body

Tissues

groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism

The arms are ______ to the heart. (position)

lateral

Tissues are composed of

muscles, membranes, and cavity linings, nervous, and connective tissues.

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment in your body for survival.

Cells come in all...

shapes, sizes, and purpose

Leonardo da Vinci learned about A&P by:

sketching his beautifully detailed anatomical drawings form dead corpse. Until the Pope made him stop.

Anatomy and physiology is a complete understanding of how:

the body works to produce everything

Anatomy is

the study of structure and the relationships between body parts.

Posterior - Dorsal

toward the back of the body.

Superior - Cranial

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Inferior - Caudal

toward the lower part of the body.

Sagittal Plane - median

vertical division of the body or organ into right and left sides.