Anatomy and Physiology: Exam 3
How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain?
12
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse? 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ion diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse
2, 1, 4, 3
How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?
31
Which disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine?
Alzheimer's disease
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with th ability to say words properly is the _______.
Broca's area
Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreased heart rate
Ceerebrospinal fluid _________.
It is continuously formed mostly by the choroid plexus
The neural processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are indicated by ___________.
Label A
The gland that produces Oxycontin and antidiuretic hormone is indicated by ________.
Label B
The gland that produce a hormone that is most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood are indicated by ___________-.
Label E
The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by ___________.
Label G
The gaps between Schwann cells are indicated by ______.
Label H
What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in PNS
Schwann cell
Select the statement that describes the function of tropic hormones.
Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted?
action potential
Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called _________.
androgens
Alcohol inhibits the secretion of _________.
anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?
anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons?
breathing
Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ____________.
catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)
The thalamus, hypothalamus and epilthalamus collectively constitute the __________.
diencephalon interbrain
Which cilliated neurological cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?
ependymal cells
Beta cells of pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ______ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ______.
insulin; glucagon
The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of _____.
metabolic waste such as urea
They hypothalamus makes two hormones, ______ and ________ that are stored by the posterior pituitary
oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone ADH
Calcitonin is made, by the ___________ cells of the thyroid gland.
parafollicular
Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are ________.
myelinated
Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary.
Anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ______ matter while unmyelinated fibers form _____ matter
White; gray
Which hormone is alternatively known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood pressure by causing constriction of arterioles (small arteries)?
antiduretic hormone (ADH)
Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into venous blood in the dural sinuses via the __________.
arachnoid granulations
what are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system
central and peripheral
Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking and maintaining her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by alcohol?
cerebellum
what brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel?
cerebrovascular accident or stroke
What is the primary role of the inter neuron (association neuron)?
connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbors dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?
decreased blood pressure
The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ______.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system _______-.
has a chain of two motor neurons
Hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary glad to secrete its hormones. How would you ?classify this type of endocrine gland stimulation?
hormonal
The nucleus of the neuron is indicated by
label E
The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus is an important part of the ________.
limbic system
Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?
motor neuron
Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to _________.
pituitary dwarfism
The hypothalamus regulates the ______.
pituitary gland
The ventral rami of the spinal nerves form a complex network of nervous known as a ___________.
plexus
Immediately after an action potential is propagated which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out the cell into the tissue fluid
potassium Ions
Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes __________.
promote the formation of sex cells
Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and a ventral ________
ramus
A special group of neurons in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the _________.
recticular activating system (RAS)
some people purchase melatonin as an over-the-counter medication. For what specific purpose?
sleep aid
What congenital disorder results when the vertebrae fall to form completely around the spinal cord, typically in lumbosacral region?
spina bifida
How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?
steroid
What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex?
thalamus
In the second-messenger system, what serves as the first messenger?
the hormone
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using_________.
the second-messenger system
What is the primary function of thymosin?
thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes
The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones is called ________.
thyroid hormone
What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
vagus
which of the following is NOT typical of changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?
Cellular mutations occur
What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby?
Cerebral palsy
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as ________.
Choroid plexues
Hypersection of gluocortidcoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ______.
Cushing's syndrome
The "fight or flight" response triggers the release of ________.
Epinephrine
What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?
Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell
Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the ___________.
Thoracolumbar region, and the post ganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine
