anatomy & physiology final
an atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. this atom will has ________ neutrons.
20
deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi, is an example of __________ of the shoulder
abduction
the active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the
actin myofilaments
exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the
activity of the enzyme tyrosinase
treppe a. is achieved during warm-up exercises b. may be due to an increase in the level of Ca 2+ around the myofibril c. can contribute to improved muscle efficiency d. is an example of a graded response e. all of these choices are correct
all of these choices are correct
all of the synthesis reactions in the body are called
anabolism
light-skinned individuals have
approximately the same number of melanocytes as individuals with darker skins
which type of nerve would cause a blood vessel to constrict?
autonomic
which of the following joints is move moveable
ball and socket
brain waves associated with information processing or problem solving are ________ waves
beta
what structural feature of the brain regulates the movement of materials from the blood into the brain
blood-brain barrier
Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of
bone matrix
the gluteal region is commonly known as the
buttock
when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal,
calcium ions diffuse into the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated ion channels
what will develop when the skin is subjected to excess friction or pressure?
callus
the humerus articulates with the radius at the
capitulum
contains chondrocytes located in lacunae
cartilage
changes in the blood concentration of glucose, oxygen, and hydrogen are detected by
chemoreceptors
the second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is/are
cholesterol
which of the following would be classified as a lipid?
cholesterol - steroid
which of the following structures is found in the nucleus? a. cisternae b. chromosome c. cristae d. flattened membrane sacs e. cytosol
chromosome
auditory impulses are transmitted by the _____ portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve
cochlear
a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations between contractions is called
complete tetanus
mechanoreceptors
compression of receptors
the type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is
concentric
part of the focusing system of the eye
cornea
which of the following is a descending pathway in the spinal cord
corticospinal tract
away from the surface
deep
a change in the three-dimensional structure of a protein
denaturation
what is a dic-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that binds to one another?
desmosomes
the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms
electrons
covalent bonds form when
electrons are shared between two atoms
this layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes
epidermis
the environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as
extracellular
maintains control of unconscious movements
extrapyramidal system
facial expression is regulated by the _______ nerve
facial
you taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue". These taste sensations would be carried via the _____ cranial nerve
facial (VII)
a cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a
fibroblast
the most sensitive taste buds are found in the ________ papillae
foliate
which cranial bone forms the bony eyebrow ridges and roofs of the orbits
frontal
melanin production can be influenced by
genetics, exposure to sunlight, hormones, & pregnancy
which of the following cell structures would be most important in secretory epithelial cells? a. golgi appartatus b. desmosomes c. lysosomes d. microtubules e. cilia
golgi appartatus
an increase number of cells is
growth
the ligamentum nuchae
helps keep the head erect
the cubital or elbow joint is an example of a __________ joint
hinge
which type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then ruptures and becomes part of the secretion?
holocrine
a synchondrosis contains ________ cartilage
hyaline
which type of connective tissue forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone?
hyaline cartilage
the compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of
hydroxyapatite crystals
the largest and most superior region of the hipbone is the
ilium
which of the following is a sympathetic effect?
increased heart rate
involved with auditory pathways in the CNS
inferior colliculi
the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland is the
infundibulum
membrane proteins that extend into the lipid bilayer are called
intergral proteins
when acetylcholine binds to autonomic muscarinic receptors,
intestinal motility increases
which of the following is correctly associated with the medulla oblongata
it contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter
produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion
keratinization
which of the following is an ascending pathway in the spinal cord
lateral spinothalamic tract
the ligament at the head of the femur is the
ligamentum teres
a cut through the long axis of an organ is a/an _________ section.
longitudinal
a neutral atom will become a cation of it
loses electrons
a red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution
loses water
the bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by a freely moveable joint. this bone is the
mandible
Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. the function of red marrow is to
manufacture blood cells
the central axis of the hair is the
medulla
all of the chemical reactions within a cell are known as cell
metabolism
ATPase is found in
myosin heads
what type of tissue contains cells called neurons
nervous tissue
in the CNS, clusters of gray matter containing cell bodies are called
nuclei
a fracture of the cribriform plate might injure the _______ cranial nerve
olfactory
appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone tissue
on the surface of the bone
the plasma membrane is selectively permeable. this means
only certain substances can pass through it
blood vessels enter the eye and nerve processes exit the eye at the
optic disc
the basic units in compact bone tissue
osteons or haversian systems
the _________ division of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restful conditions
parasympathetic
which of the following is most inferior in location? a. diaphragm b. pleural cavity c. pericardial cavity d. pelvic cavity e. mediastinum
pelvic cavity
the connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the
perichondrium
which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone
periosteum
a joint that consists of two opposing flat surfaces of approximately equal size is a/an joint
plane
the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura
pleural cavity
molecules that form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms are called ________ molecules
polar
the primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is located in the
postcentral gyrus
toward the back of the body
posterior
the ability to localize the position of body parts is called
proprioception
which of the following examples lists the body structures from the simplest to the most complex?
protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte(fat call), connective tissue, stomach
the component of the autonomic reflex arc that detects a change in stimulus is the
receptor
communication between cells occur when chemical messengers from one cell bind to ________ on another cell.
receptor proteins
rhodopsin is found in the
rods
a vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called ______ plane
sagittal
sensory receptors for balance are found in the
semicircular canals
the parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by
short preganglionic axons near the spinal cord
which type of muscle tissue has neuromuscular junctions
skeletal musce
which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated
skeletal muscle
olfacation is the sense of
smell
which type of muscle tissue has spindle-shaped cells
smooth
which type of muscle tissue causes peristalsis
smooth muscle
solution A has a pH of 10 and solution B has a pH of 2. Which of the following statements about these solutions is true?
solution B has a higher H+ concentration than solution A
how does distribution of sympathetic nerves differ from the distribution of parasympathetic nerves?
spinal nerves contain sympathetic fibers, while cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibers
some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. the function of yellow marrow is
store adipose tissue
the epidermis of the skin is composed of
stratified squamous epithelium
the layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity is the
stratum basale
can synapse in either chain or collateral ganglia
sympathetic preganglionic axons
the junction of two pubic bones is the
symphysis pubis
the epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
synchondrosis
the cerebrum develops from the embryonic region called the
telencephalon
which of the following structures prevents knee hyperextension
the anteriorcruciate ligament (ACL)
in a syndesmosis
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes
what contains a larger area for control of the hand and fingers than for control of the arm and elbow
the primary motor area
the cerebral gyri increases
the surface area of the cortex
superfifical pain is highly localized, but visceral pain is diffused because
the viscera has fewer mechanoreceptors which give location information
sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the
thoracic and lumbar regions
the type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a
tight junction
which of the following is a general sense
touch
which of the following is most distal in location on the humerus
trochlea
a symporter will transport _______ across the plasma membrane
two different ions or molecules in the same direction
compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes
two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors
the sagittal suture is between the
two parietal bones
the olecranon process is found on the
ulna
the serous membrane that covers the lungs
visceral pleura
helps to hold the lens and retina in place
vitreous humor