anatomy & physiology final

an atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. this atom will has ________ neutrons.

20

deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi, is an example of __________ of the shoulder

abduction

the active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

actin myofilaments

exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the

activity of the enzyme tyrosinase

treppe a. is achieved during warm-up exercises b. may be due to an increase in the level of Ca 2+ around the myofibril c. can contribute to improved muscle efficiency d. is an example of a graded response e. all of these choices are correct

all of these choices are correct

all of the synthesis reactions in the body are called

anabolism

light-skinned individuals have

approximately the same number of melanocytes as individuals with darker skins

which type of nerve would cause a blood vessel to constrict?

autonomic

which of the following joints is move moveable

ball and socket

brain waves associated with information processing or problem solving are ________ waves

beta

what structural feature of the brain regulates the movement of materials from the blood into the brain

blood-brain barrier

Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

bone matrix

the gluteal region is commonly known as the

buttock

when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal,

calcium ions diffuse into the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated ion channels

what will develop when the skin is subjected to excess friction or pressure?

callus

the humerus articulates with the radius at the

capitulum

contains chondrocytes located in lacunae

cartilage

changes in the blood concentration of glucose, oxygen, and hydrogen are detected by

chemoreceptors

the second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is/are

cholesterol

which of the following would be classified as a lipid?

cholesterol - steroid

which of the following structures is found in the nucleus? a. cisternae b. chromosome c. cristae d. flattened membrane sacs e. cytosol

chromosome

auditory impulses are transmitted by the _____ portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve

cochlear

a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations between contractions is called

complete tetanus

mechanoreceptors

compression of receptors

the type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is

concentric

part of the focusing system of the eye

cornea

which of the following is a descending pathway in the spinal cord

corticospinal tract

away from the surface

deep

a change in the three-dimensional structure of a protein

denaturation

what is a dic-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that binds to one another?

desmosomes

the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms

electrons

covalent bonds form when

electrons are shared between two atoms

this layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes

epidermis

the environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as

extracellular

maintains control of unconscious movements

extrapyramidal system

facial expression is regulated by the _______ nerve

facial

you taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue". These taste sensations would be carried via the _____ cranial nerve

facial (VII)

a cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a

fibroblast

the most sensitive taste buds are found in the ________ papillae

foliate

which cranial bone forms the bony eyebrow ridges and roofs of the orbits

frontal

melanin production can be influenced by

genetics, exposure to sunlight, hormones, & pregnancy

which of the following cell structures would be most important in secretory epithelial cells? a. golgi appartatus b. desmosomes c. lysosomes d. microtubules e. cilia

golgi appartatus

an increase number of cells is

growth

the ligamentum nuchae

helps keep the head erect

the cubital or elbow joint is an example of a __________ joint

hinge

which type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then ruptures and becomes part of the secretion?

holocrine

a synchondrosis contains ________ cartilage

hyaline

which type of connective tissue forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone?

hyaline cartilage

the compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of

hydroxyapatite crystals

the largest and most superior region of the hipbone is the

ilium

which of the following is a sympathetic effect?

increased heart rate

involved with auditory pathways in the CNS

inferior colliculi

the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland is the

infundibulum

membrane proteins that extend into the lipid bilayer are called

intergral proteins

when acetylcholine binds to autonomic muscarinic receptors,

intestinal motility increases

which of the following is correctly associated with the medulla oblongata

it contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter

produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion

keratinization

which of the following is an ascending pathway in the spinal cord

lateral spinothalamic tract

the ligament at the head of the femur is the

ligamentum teres

a cut through the long axis of an organ is a/an _________ section.

longitudinal

a neutral atom will become a cation of it

loses electrons

a red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution

loses water

the bone that forms the chin is also the only bone connected to the skull by a freely moveable joint. this bone is the

mandible

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. the function of red marrow is to

manufacture blood cells

the central axis of the hair is the

medulla

all of the chemical reactions within a cell are known as cell

metabolism

ATPase is found in

myosin heads

what type of tissue contains cells called neurons

nervous tissue

in the CNS, clusters of gray matter containing cell bodies are called

nuclei

a fracture of the cribriform plate might injure the _______ cranial nerve

olfactory

appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone tissue

on the surface of the bone

the plasma membrane is selectively permeable. this means

only certain substances can pass through it

blood vessels enter the eye and nerve processes exit the eye at the

optic disc

the basic units in compact bone tissue

osteons or haversian systems

the _________ division of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restful conditions

parasympathetic

which of the following is most inferior in location? a. diaphragm b. pleural cavity c. pericardial cavity d. pelvic cavity e. mediastinum

pelvic cavity

the connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the

perichondrium

which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone

periosteum

a joint that consists of two opposing flat surfaces of approximately equal size is a/an joint

plane

the space located between the visceral and parietal pleura

pleural cavity

molecules that form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms are called ________ molecules

polar

the primary somatic sensory or general sensory area is located in the

postcentral gyrus

toward the back of the body

posterior

the ability to localize the position of body parts is called

proprioception

which of the following examples lists the body structures from the simplest to the most complex?

protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte(fat call), connective tissue, stomach

the component of the autonomic reflex arc that detects a change in stimulus is the

receptor

communication between cells occur when chemical messengers from one cell bind to ________ on another cell.

receptor proteins

rhodopsin is found in the

rods

a vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called ______ plane

sagittal

sensory receptors for balance are found in the

semicircular canals

the parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by

short preganglionic axons near the spinal cord

which type of muscle tissue has neuromuscular junctions

skeletal musce

which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated

skeletal muscle

olfacation is the sense of

smell

which type of muscle tissue has spindle-shaped cells

smooth

which type of muscle tissue causes peristalsis

smooth muscle

solution A has a pH of 10 and solution B has a pH of 2. Which of the following statements about these solutions is true?

solution B has a higher H+ concentration than solution A

how does distribution of sympathetic nerves differ from the distribution of parasympathetic nerves?

spinal nerves contain sympathetic fibers, while cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibers

some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. the function of yellow marrow is

store adipose tissue

the epidermis of the skin is composed of

stratified squamous epithelium

the layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity is the

stratum basale

can synapse in either chain or collateral ganglia

sympathetic preganglionic axons

the junction of two pubic bones is the

symphysis pubis

the epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a

synchondrosis

the cerebrum develops from the embryonic region called the

telencephalon

which of the following structures prevents knee hyperextension

the anteriorcruciate ligament (ACL)

in a syndesmosis

the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes

what contains a larger area for control of the hand and fingers than for control of the arm and elbow

the primary motor area

the cerebral gyri increases

the surface area of the cortex

superfifical pain is highly localized, but visceral pain is diffused because

the viscera has fewer mechanoreceptors which give location information

sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the

thoracic and lumbar regions

the type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a

tight junction

which of the following is a general sense

touch

which of the following is most distal in location on the humerus

trochlea

a symporter will transport _______ across the plasma membrane

two different ions or molecules in the same direction

compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes

two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors

the sagittal suture is between the

two parietal bones

the olecranon process is found on the

ulna

the serous membrane that covers the lungs

visceral pleura

helps to hold the lens and retina in place

vitreous humor