Anatomy Block 2 Lecture Practice Questions
My question: The Superior Thyroid Vein primarily drains the area supplied by the superior thyroid artery; the Middle and Inferior Thyroid Veins drain the rest of the thyroid gland. Explain why this statement is false, "The superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein"
The inferior thyroid vein drains into the right/left brachiocephalic vein
My question: Blood that has collected between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, thus the hematoma is deep to the dura mater. This kind of hematoma results from venous bleeding, usually from torn cerebral veins where they enter the superior sagittal sinus. A) Extradural hematoma B) Subdural hematoma C) Subarachnoid hematoma
B) Subdural hematoma
My question: Which nerve runs with the Superior Thyroid Artery to the Thyrohyoid membrane. A) Superior Thyroid Nerve B) Nerve to the Thyrohyoid C) Superior Laryngeal Nerve D) Inferior Laryngeal Nerve
C) Superior Laryngeal Nerve - It is a branch of the vagus nerve deep to the external and internal carotid arteries
My question: Second part of the Duodenum: 1. The Transverse colon crosses _________ 2. The hilum and renal vessels of the right kidney cross ________
1. anterior 2. posterior
My question: The thoracic aorta passes through the diaphragm and changes names to the abdominal aorta at the level of the the ____ thoracic vertebra A) 9th B) 10th C) 11th D) 12th
D) 12th
My question: (T/F) The spleen is retroperitoneal and is attached at the hilum to the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament anteriorly and the to left kidney by the splenorenal ligament posteriorly.
False (peritonealized not retroperitoneal) - evverything else is true
My question: The body of the stomach separates what two peritoneal cavities from each other?
Greater Sac from Lesser Sac/Omental Bursa
My question: Which region of the pharynx has the following landmarks? 1. Epiglottis 2. Prominence caused by the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage and the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage. 3. Posterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage. 4. Piriform recesses between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. 5. Laryngeal inlet. 6. Aryepiglottic folds. 7. Cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior constrictor
Laryngopharynx
My question: The second part of the duodenum contains the Major Duodenal Papilla which is important landmark. What arteries supply structures proximal and distal to this structure?
Proximal=Celiac Artery Distal= Superior Mesenteric Artery
WANDA question: The first part of the Duodenum recieves arterial blood from branches which two arteries? A) Gastroduodenal B) Superior Mesenteric C) None of the Above
Secret answer D) A and B
My question: What artery supplies blood to the trapezius and possibly medial scapular muscles?
Transverse Cervical Artery - branch of the thyrocervical trunk in the 1st part of the subclavian
My question: McBurney's point is an area where appedix pain is usually referred. This point is located 2/3 lateral between the _________ and _______.
umbilicus and illiac spine
My question: Put the path of the internal carotid in order starting from the carotid canal. 1. The internal artery enters the carotid canal and transverses a short distance anteromedially 2. Travels over the foramen lacerum (which is normally plugged by cartilage) 3. Travels up the groove of the internal carotid artery 4. Enters the brain
1-2-3-4
My question: Starting from the anterior/diaphragmatic sruface of the liver, what does the falciform ligament turn into posteriorly?
1. Right/Left Anterior Coronary Ligaments 2. Right and left triangular ligaments 3. Right and left Posterior coronary ligaments 4. Lesser Omentum (hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligament)
My question: The duodenojejunal felxure is located at the level of the ____ lumbar vertebra and gains the mesentary cleverly named _________
2nd; the mesentary/mesentary proper
My question: Place the following structures from deep to superficial 1. Pharyngobasilar fascia 2. Muscular layer (superior pharyngeal constrictor and 3 pairs of longitudinal pharyngeal muscles) 3. mucosa 4. buccopharyngeal fascia
3-1-2-4
My question: Arrange the following structures from superficial to deep 1. pia mater 2. arachnoid mater 3. periosteal layer of dura mater 4. dural venous sinus 5. arachnoid trabecula/subarachnoid space 6. meningeal layer of dura mater
3-4-6-2-5-1
My question: In the nasopharynx, the two oval openings to either side of the nasal septum connecting the nasal cavities to the pharynx. A) Choanae B) Torus Tubaris C) Salpingopharyngeal fold D) Pharyngeal recesses E) Soft Palate F) Palatopharyngeal sphincter
A) Choanae
My question: Which cartilages sit on top of the arytenoid cartilages, extending the arytenoid cartilages posteriorly and medially. A) Corniculate cartilages B) Epiglottic cartilage C) Cuniform cartilages
A) Corniculate cartilages
My question: Blood that collects between the inner table of bone and the periosteum, so the blood is outside the dura mater. This condition is caused by tearing of the branches of the middle meningeal artery, which typically occurs in the region of the pterion. A) Extradural hematoma B) Subdural hematoma C) Subarachnoid hematoma
A) Extradural hematoma
HERR: An ulcer in that occludes the COMMON BILE DUCT and GASTRODUODENAL ARTERY would likely be found in which part of the duodenum? A) First B) Second D) Third E) Fourth
A) First - The common bile duct and gastroduodenal artery are immediately posterior to the first part of the duodenum.
My question: Arises off the posterior side of the Ext. Carotid Artery at the level of the Facial a. Passes posteriorly along the inferior border of the posterior belly of the digastric. Is distributed to the scalp over the occiput. A) Occipital Artery B) Posterior Auricular Artery
A) Occipital Artery
NELSON: A 25-year-old right-handed male cricket player presents following an incident in which he was stuck on the left side of the head... lost coordination, motor cortical, speech and eventually consciousness. Imaging shows a fracture of the region on the lateral skull called the Pterion and what appears to be epidural hematoma. Which bone(s) IS(ARE) NOT LIKELY to be involved in the pterion fracture? A) Occipital bone B) Squamous portion of the temporal bones C) Posterior part of the frontal bone D) Upper part of the parietal bone E) Great wing of the sphenoid
A) Occipital bone
My question: Which of the following is not a branch of the thyrocervical trunk? A) Superior Thyroid B) Inferior Thyroid C) Transverse Cervical D) Suprascapular
A) Superior Thyroid
My question: Arises just inferior to the greater horn of the hyoid bone, deep to infrahyoid muscles. It gives off Superior Laryngeal artery. A) Superior Thyroid Artery B) Lingual Artery C) Facial Artery D) Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
A) Superior Thyroid Artery
My question: The superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, and ascending pharyngeal artery are all ______ branches of the external coratid artery. A) Anterior B) Posterior C) Terminal
A) anterior
My question: _________ projects down into the longitudinal fissure to the corpus callosum and separates the two cerebral hemispheres. A) falx cerebri B) falx cerebelli C) tentorium cerebelli D) diaphragma sellae
A) falx cerebri
My question: The _______ is a blister under the submucosa resulting from a broken capillary. They can be caused by severe abuse or misuse of the vocal cords. Treatment often involves laser surgery. A) laryngeal hemorrhagic polyp B) laryngeal nodule
A) laryngeal hemorrhagic polyp
My question: Match the suprarenal (adrenal) artery with the Artery it branches off (Superior, Middle, Inferior) Aorta:??? Inferior Phrenic Artery:??? Renal Artery: ???
Aorta: Middle Suprarenal Artery Inferior Phrenic Artery: Superior Suprarenal Arteries Renal Artery: Inferior Suprarenal Arteries
My question: What is the main arterial source (and the only one that we need to know) for the pharynx? (HINT: it is the second branch of the external carotid)
Ascending pharyngeal artery
My question: The spleen sits on which of the following ribs? A) 8, 9, 10 B) 9, 10, 11 C) 10, 11, 12 D) 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
B) 9, 10, 11
My question: Which of the following is NOT a location of the 4 gaps of the muscular layer of the pharynx? A) Base of the skull B) Above the soft palate C) Above the Hyoid bone D) Below the Hyoid bone E) Between the pharynx and esophagus
B) Above the soft palate
My question: Jugulodigastric and Jugulo-omohyoid lymph nodes are... A) Superficial lymph nodes B) Deep cervical nodes C) Imaginary lymph nodes
B) Deep cervical nodes
My question: 70% of the time the which artery runs between the brachial plexus trunks? A) Transverse Cervical B) Dorsal Scapular C) Suprascapular D) Subclavian
B) Dorsal Scapular - 70% of the time the dorsal scapular is there 100% of the time. - 30% of the time the transverse cervical artery is there 100% of the time
My question: The thoracic duct joins with the Internal Jugular on which side? A) Right B) Left C) Both D) None
B) Left - right side there may be a smaller lymphatic duct but not the Thoracic duct
My question: The occipital artery and posterior auricular artery are _____ branches of the external carotid artery. A) Anterior B) Posterior C) Terminal
B) Posterior
My question: The celiac trunk has all of the following as direct branches EXCEPT: A) Splenic Artery B) Right Gastric Artery C) Left Gastric Artery D) Common Hepatic Artery
B) Right Gastric Artery -This is a branch of the proper hepatic artery
My question: Which of the renal arteries is LONGER, branches from the descending aorta more INFERIORLY, and passes posterior to the inferior vena cava? A) Left Renal Artery B) Right Renal Artery
B) Right Renal Artery - Therefore the Left Renal Artery is Shorter and branches more Superior
My question: The _______ is the space between the inlet and the vocal cords A) Ventricle B) Vestibule C) Epiglottis
B) Vestibule
My question: Which of the following is false about the path of the external jugular vein? A) within the superficial fascia B) deep to the sternocleidomastoid C) pierces the investing layer of the cervical fascia D) passes deep to the clavicle to enter subclavian vein E) none of the above
B) deep to the sternocleidomastoid - superficial
My question: _______ partially separates the posterior lobes of the cerebellum. A) falx cerebri B) falx cerebelli C) tentorium cerebelli D) diaphragma sellae
B) falx cerebelli
My question: _________ runs along the inferior free border of the falx cerebri and terminates in the straight sinus. A) superior saggital sinus B) inferior saggital sinus C) straight sinus D) occipital sinus E) confluence of sinuses F) transverse sinus G) sigmoid sinus H) cavernous sinus
B) inferior saggital sinus
My question: Match the spaces with their names. Between the Investing and Pretracheal fascia:??? Between Buccopharyngeal and Prevertebral fascia:??? Between Prevertebral fascia and vertebrae:???
Between the Investing and Pretracheal fascia: Pretracheal Space Between Buccopharyngeal and Prevertebral fascia: Retropharyngeal space Between Prevertebral fascia and vertebrae: "Third Space"
My question: SMA syndrome is the compression of the left renal vein between the SMA and Aorta, and Nutcracker syndrome is the comrpession of the 3rd part of the duodenum between the SMA and the Aorta. (T/F, T/F)
Both statements are false - flip the definitions
My question: GI bleeds proximal to the ligament of Treitz usually present as bloody vomit, while GI bleeds distal to the ligament of Treitz usually present as bloody stools (T/F, T/F)
Both statements are true
My question: The preganglionic fiber enters the chain ganglion via the white ramus as usual. However, instead of synapsing in the chain ganglia, it passes out of the chain ganglia in a splanchnic nerve and synapses on a postganglionic cell body in a collateral ganglia. [T/F, T/F]
Both statements are true
My question: Which of the following layers is the CSF bound between? A) periosteal and mengineal dura B) Meningeal dura and arachnoid mater C) Arachnoid mater and Pia mater D) Pia mater and Cerebrum
C) Arachnoid mater and Pia mater -check me on this one cause it could just be Arachnoid mater
My question: Which of the following cartilages float within in the aryepiglottic folds, and serve to support them. A) Arytenoid cartilages B) Corniculate cartilages C) Cuniform cartilages
C) Cuniform cartilages
My question: The ______ cartilage is attached to the interior surface of the thyroid cartilage, where the two laminae meet anteriorly. This structure folds down to deflect food and liquids towards the pharynx. A) Thyroid Cartilage B) Pharyngeal Cartilage C) Epiglottic Cartilage D) Cricoid Cartilage
C) Epiglottic Cartilage
My question: Which of the following is NOT found within the Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle? A) Subclavian Artery B) Subclavian Vein C) External Jugular D) Suprscapular Artery E) none of the above
C) External Jugular - Im not so sure about this one bc the pictures seem to suggest that this definitely does
My question: Arises either in common with the lingual artery or just superior to it. It passes superiorly over the digastric and stylohyoid muscles and the angle of the mandible. It loops anteriorly to pass in a groove in the submandibular gland. It is distributed to the face. A) Superior Thyroid Artery B) Lingual Artery C) Facial Artery D) Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
C) Facial Artery
My question: Which of the following gaps has these features: The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal artery pass through an aperture in the thyrohyoid membrane to enter the larynx A) Gap between the superior constrictor and the base of the skull B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors C) Gap between middle and inferior constrictors D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus
C) Gap between middle and inferior constrictors
My question: The cricopharyngeus portion of the ________ constrictor serves as the upper esophageal sphincter. It is usually contracted, and only relaxes to let food/liquids pass. A) Superior B) Middle C) Inferior
C) Inferior
My question: The oblique line of thyroid cartilage, tendinous arch, cricoid cartilage, and circothyroid muscle are all attachments for which circular pharyngeal constrictor? A) Superior B) Middle C) Inferior
C) Inferior
HERR: A person falls on the their back on the left side breaking ribs 9, 10, and 11. Which of the following organs is likely damaged? A) Left Kidney B) Stomach C) Spleen D) Liver E) Their Pride
C) Spleen
My question: GVE to blood vessels of the pharynx come from which pharyngeal plexus contribution: A) Vagus Nerve (X) B) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) C) Sympathetic nerves
C) Sympathetic nerves
My question: _________ is located along a line where the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli intersect. The _______ also terminates in the confluence of sinuses. A) superior saggital sinus B) inferior saggital sinus C) straight sinus D) occipital sinus E) confluence of sinuses F) transverse sinus G) sigmoid sinus H) cavernous sinus
C) straight sinus
My question: ________ separates the cortex from the cerebellum. A) falx cerebri B) falx cerebelli C) tentorium cerebelli D) diaphragma sellae
C) tentorium cerebelli
My question: Match the foramen of the temporal bone with the structure that passes through them Carotid Canal:??? (1) Hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve: ??? (1) Hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve: ??? (1) Foramen lacerum (note that part of this is formed by the sphenoid): ??? (1)
Carotid Canal: Internal Carotid Artery Hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve: Greater petrosal nerve Hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve: lesser petrosal nerve Foramen lacerum (note that part of this is formed by the sphenoid): cartilage
My question: Nelson's mnemonic "Carotid SinuS" and "Carotid bO2dy" helps us understand the function of the Carotid Sinus and Body. What do these two sense?
Carotid SinuS= preSSure (2 S's) Carotid bO2dy= O2 (pH, pCO2, pO2)
My question: Match the following locations with the Hiatus that is associated with them (Caval, Esophageal, and Aortic). Central Tendon:??? Right Crus (of the Diaphragm):??? Right and Left Crus (Median Arcuate Ligament):???
Central Tendon: Caval Hiatus [Inferior Vena Cava] Right Crus (of the Diaphragm): Esophageal Hiatus [Esophagus and both Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks] Right and Left Crus (Median Arcuate Ligament): Aortic Hiatus [Aorta and Thoracic duct]
My question: The major duodenal papilla is where contents from the ______ and _____ are released into the small intestine.
Common bile duct and Pancreatic duct
My question: The oral cavity is closed off from the oral cavity by the actions of which muscles to prevent the bolus from being regurgitated into the oral cavity? A) Palatoglossus B) Palatopharygeus C) Tongue muscles D) All of the above
D) All of the above
My question: Which of the following is included within the 2nd part of the subclavian artery? A) Vertebral Artery B) Thyrocervical Trunk C) Internal Thoracic Artery D) Costocervical Trunk E) Dorsal Scapular Artery
D) Costocervical Trunk
My question: BE innervation of the stylopharygeous come from what nerve contribution? A) Vagus nerve (X) contribution from the pharyngeal plexus B) Vagus nerve (X) C) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) contribution of the pharyngeal plexus D) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
D) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
My question: In the sphenoid bone of the middle fossa, a ridge of bone called the _______ _______ forms the posterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa.
Dorsum Sellae
My question: Veins draining the neural tissue of the brain empty into the ______ _______ ______.
Dural venous sinuses
NELSON: An unconscious young man was taken to the ER following a knife fight. He had a superficial lateral neck wound, the severity of which didn't match the patient's dire condition. Which of the following dangers may have occurred? A) The external jugular vein was being held open by the deep cervical fascia B) Th patient exhibited churning chest sounds C) The patient suddenly turned blue D) The patient's heart began to fail suddenly E) All of the above
E) All of the above
My question: In the nasopharynx, a specialized band of muscle in the wall of the superior pharyngeal constrictor. A) Choanae B) Torus Tubaris C) Salpingopharyngeal fold D) Pharyngeal recesses E) Soft Palate F) Palatopharyngeal sphincter
F) Palatopharyngeal sphincter
My question: Which of the following are conditions that interfere with the pharyngeal phase of swallowing? A) Strokes B) Neurological disorders (Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's or simply aging). C) Foreign bodies: objects getting caught in piriform recess D) Pharyngeal diverticula E) Infections F) all of the above
F) all of the above
My question: Which of the following fossa are within the parietal bone? A) Foramen rotundum B) Foramen Ovale C) Hiatus of the Lesser Petrosal Nerve D) Hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve E) Foramen lacerum F) none of the above
F) none of the above - we atleast don't need to know any
My question: ___________ run horizontally along the sides of the cranial vault where the tentorium cerebelli is formed by invaginations of meningeal dural layers. They drain into the sigmoid sinuses. A) superior saggital sinus B) inferior saggital sinus C) straight sinus D) occipital sinus E) confluence of sinuses F) transverse sinuses G) sigmoid sinus H) cavernous sinus
F) transverse sinuses
My question: (T/F) The tail of the pancreas is the only retroperitonealized portion of the pancreas
False - It is the only peritonealized portion, within the splenorenal ligament
My question: (T/F) The retromandibular vein drains solely into the external jugular vein.
False - Its posterior portion does, but it also has an anterior portion that drains into the internal jugular vein along with he facial vein.
My question: (T/F) The Right Gastic Artery is a branch of the Common Hepatic Artery
False (Proper Hepatic Artery)
My question: The suprarenal (adrenal) glands are not symmentrical. The left gland is more pyramid shaped and the right gland is more semilunar in shape. (T/F, T/F)
First Statement is True, Second Statement is False (left=semilunar, right=pyramid)
My question: The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the external carotid artery. It ascends and reaches the inferior pole of the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland. (T/F, T/F)
First statement is False, Second Statement is True. - It is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk which arises from the first part of the subclavian
My question: The lumbar splanchnic nerves arise from L1 and L2, and they provide sympathetic innervation to the midgut and hindgut. [T/F, T/F]
First statement is True, Second statement is False (targets the hindgut and pelvis only)
My question: The left gastric artery starts out retroperitoneal but becomes peritonealized by the Hepatoduodenal Ligament. the Left gastric artery supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach (anastomoses with the Right Gastic Artery) inferiorly and the esophagus superiorly. (T/F, T/F)
First statement is false (hedpatogastric ligament), Second statement is True
My question: Match the fossa with the appropriate structures of the brain. Frontal Lobe:??? Temporal Lobe:??? Occipital Lobe:??? Cerebellum:??? Brainstem:??? Hypothalamus:???
Frontal Lobe: Anterior Temporal Lobe: Middle Occipital Lobe: Posterior Cerebellum: Posterior Brainstem: Posterior Hypothalamus: Middle
My question: Which of the following layers is continuous from the base of the skull to the esophagus/thorax? A) Prevertebral fascia B) Buccopharyngeal fascia C) Muscular layer (superior pharyngeal constrictor and 3 pairs of longitudinal pharyngeal muscles) D) Pharyngobasilar fascia E) Mucosa F) A and B G) A, B, and E I) All of the above
G) A, B, and E - Pharyngobasilar ends at the Hyoid bone and the Muscular layer is discontinuous (4 gaps)
My question: Which of the following is true about the lumbar arteries? A) Arise at the level of L1-L4 B) Pass deep to the Psoas Major C) Pass anterior to the quadratus lumborum D) Supply the Spinal Cord E) A, B, and C F) A, B and D G) All of the above
G) All of the above
My question: Which of the following is NOT included in the 1st part of the subclavian? A) Vertebral Artery B) Thyrocervical Trunk C) Dorsal Scapular Artery D) Costocervical Trunk E) Internal Thoracic Artery F) D and E G) C and D
G) C and D
My question: The hepatic portal system drains blood from all of the following structures to the liver EXCEPT: A) Gastrointestinal system B) Spleen C) Pancreas D) Foregut E) Midgut F) Hindgut G) None of the above
G) None of the above
My question: Which of the following is NOT a content of the occipital triangle? A) External Jugular Vein B) Posterior branches of the cervical plexus C) Accessory Nerve (XI) D) Trunks of the Brachial Plexus E) Transverse Cervical Artery F) Cervical lymph nodes G) none of the above
G) none of the above
My question: The _____ includes the vocal folds and the space between them while the ____ _____ refers to the space between the vocal folds and the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages.
Glottis; Rima Glottidis
My question: Match the Splanchnic Nerves with their vertebral levels. Greater Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve:??? Lesser Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve:??? Least Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve:???
Greater Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve: T5-T9 Lesser Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve: T10-T11 Least Thoracic Splanchnic Nerve: T12
My question: Innervation and Function of the Psoas Minor?
Innervation: Lumbar Plexus Function: (weak) flexion of the vertebral column
My question: The phrenic nerve is a major branch of the cervical plexus which comes off the ________ branches.
Muscular
My question: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, and Function of the Quadratus Lumborum?
Origin: 12th rib Insertion: Illiac Crest Innervation: Lumbar Plexus Function: Lateral bending of the trunk
My question: Orgin, Insertion, Innervation, and function of the sternocleidomastoid.
Origin: Manubrium and Clavicle Insertion: Mastoid Process Innervation: Accessory Nerve (CN XI) and anterior rami of C2 and C3 Function: turns the head to the contralateral side and lowers head
My question: Vocalis Muscle Origin: ??? Insertion: ??? Function: ??? Innervation: ???
Origin: vocal process of arytenoid cartilage. Insertion: along vocal ligament. Function: fine tune pitch Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve.
My question: The first part of the duodenum is inferior to the ______ lobe of the liver and superior to the ______ of the pancreas
Quadrate; head
My question: The renal pyramid has an apical point called the _______ ________.
Renal Papilla
My question: Which artery descends anterior to rib I and divides to form the posterior intercostal arteries for the first two intercostal spaces?
SUPREME (superior/highest) intercostal artery - branch of the costocervical trunk of the 2nd part of the subclavian
HERR: An ulcer erodes the posterior body of the stomach what artery is in danger?
Splenic Artery
My question: Match the nerve with its spinal nerve contributions (T12-L4) Subcostal Nerve:??? Illiohypogastric:??? Illioinguinal:??? Genitofemoral:??? Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh:??? Femoral Nerve:??? Obturator Nerve:??? Contribution to the lumbosacral trunk:???
Subcostal Nerve: T12 Illiohypogastric: L1 Illioinguinal: L1 Genitofemoral: L1 and L2 Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh: L2 and L3 Femoral Nerve: L3 and L4 Obturator Nerve: L2, L3, and L4 Contribution to the lumbosacral trunk: L4
My question: Which artery is a branch of the superior thyroid artery that pierces through the thyroid membrane?
Superior Larnygeal Artery
My question: Match the Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut to the following arteries Superior Mesenteric Artery:??? Inferior Mesenteric Artery:??? Celiac Trunk: ???
Superior Mesenteric Artery: Midgut Inferior Mesenteric Artery: Hindgut Celiac Trunk: Foregut
My question: What artery supplies blood to the area of the infra-spinous fossa?
Suprascapular - branch of the thyrocervical trunk in the 1st part of the subclavian
My question: The lumbar plexus has contributions from what spinal nerves?
T12-L4
My question: The IVC begins at T____ and ends at L____
T8-L5
My question: The cavernous sinus has connections between the veins of the face and oral cavity. What feature of the veins of the head and neck allow for infection of the cavernous sinus through these connections?
They lack valves.
My question: The thyroid cartilage is suspended from the hyoid bone by the _________ ________ at the superior horns, and lies at approximately the C4-C5 vertebral levels.
Thyrohyoid membrane
My question: (T/F) The celiac trunk is retroperitoneal
True
My question: (T/F) The entrance into the thorax from the root of the neck is just deep to the posterior border of the SCM and anterior to the anterior border of the trapezius.
True
My question: (T/F) The first part of the duodenum is peritonealized.
True
My question: (T/F) The second and third portions of the duodenum are retroperitoneal
True
My question: (T/F) The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the external carotid artery. It descends, passing along the lateral margin of the thyrohyoid muscle, to reach the superior pole of the lateral lobe of the gland
True
My question: (T/F) The superior mesenteric artery originates at the level of the 1st lumbar vertebra within the transpyloric plane.
True - The celiac trunk is above so thus not included in the TP while the SMA is.
My question: The two posterior projections of the body of the sphenoid bone are called the _____ ________ processes. They form an anterior attachment point for the tentorium cerebelli.
anterior clinoid processes
My question: In the parasympathetic system, the foregut and midgut are innervated by _________ and the hidgut is innervated by _________
anterior/posterior vagal trunks (CN X); pelvic splanchnic nerves of S2-S4
My question: The superior mesenteric artery passes anteriorly/posteriorly to the renal vein and the 3rd part of the Duodenum.
anteriorly
My question: Both the vestibular ligament and vocal ligaments attach to...
arytenoid cartilage (may also be thyroid cartilage but this isn't explicitly stated)
My question: The right colic artery passes posterior to the peritoneum in the fascia on the right posterior body wall to reach the midpoint of the _________ colon where it forms ascending and descending branches to supply the __________ colon
ascending
My question: The _________ of the scalp is sandwiched between inner and outer layers of periosteum.
diploe
My question: ____ ______ ____ are channels formed by splits between the two layers of dura mater (periosteal and meningeal)
dural venous sinuses
My question: Arterial supply for the meninges consists primarily of the right and left middle meningeal arteries, which enter the cranial cavity via _________ ________
foramen spinosum
My question: The aponeurotic layer is attached to the epicranial muscle, which has _______ and _______ bellies that move the scalp.
frontal and occipital bellies
My question: Fong's mnemonic "Sinus Nine-us" helps us understand the innervation of the Carotid Sinus. What is the innervation of the Carotid Sinus?
glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
My question: The ______ ________ nerve consists of branches from cervical nerves C2 and C3, emerges from the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and ascends across the muscle to the base of the ear, supplying the skin of the parotid region, the ear, and the mastoid area
great auricular nerve
My question: The Right Gastric Artery is peritonealized within the ________ ligament while the Proper Hepatic Artery is peritonealized within the ________ ligament
hepatogastric; hepatoduodenal
My question: The rima glottidids has two parts: the ________ part which is the space between the vocal folds and the __________ part which is the space between the arytenoid cartilages
intermembranous; intercartilaginous
My question: The left recurrent larygeal nerve curves around the (left subclavian artery/aorta) and the right recurrent laryngeal nerve curves around the (right subclavian artery/aorta)
left recurrent laryngeal= aorta right recurrent laryngeal= right subclavian artery
My question: The left gonadal vein drains into the ______ and the right gonadal vein drains into the ______
left renal vein; inferior vena cava
My question: The ______ ________ nerve consists of contributions from cervical nerve C2, ascends along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and distributes to the skin of the neck and scalp posterior to the ear.
lesser occipital
My question: The pancreas is making up the posterior wall of the _________ sac. Also, the celiac artery is at the midline on the ________ border of the pancreas.
lesser; superior
My question: The cricoid cartilage is attached to the thyroid cartilage by the _______ _______ ligament and the cricothyroid joint, and lies at approximately C6.
medial cricothyroid
My question: The intervening slit between the vestibular and vocal folds is the entrance to the ventricle. Within the ventricle is a sack-like extension called the __________, which contains mucous glands that lubricate the vocal folds
saccule
My question: During the oral propulsive phase of swallowing the _______ ________ and the _______ _______ cooperate to close off the nasal cavities from the pharynx.
soft palate and palatopharyngeal sphincter
My question: In the middle fossa, the temporal bone has two portions. The _______ portion forms the lateral wall and the _______ portion forms the floor.
squamous; petrous/petrosal
My question: There is a weak area just (inferior/superior) to the cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior constrictor where pharyngeal mucosa can be forced through, forming a diverticulum.
superior
My question: Sensory innervation of the dura (GSA) is by small meningeal branches of the three divisions of the _________ nerve (mostly ophthalmic) and ________ nerves. Compression of these nerves by blood vessels is thought to be one cause of migrane headaches.
trigeminal; cervical
My question: The _____ of the brachial plexus emerge laterally between the anterior and middle scalene muscles (scalene interval)
trunks
My question: The conus elasticus spans upward from the cricoid cartilage, and its superior free margin transitions into the _______ ligament. This ligament attaches posteriorly to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, and anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage, at the midline where the two laminae meet.
vocal ligament
HERR: Think about a stomach ulcer the erodes the posterior stomach wall. Is the splenic artery in danger?
yes
My question: Arrange these structures in order of flow starting with the formation of CSF in the Choroid Plexus. 1. CSF formed by Choroid Plexus 2. Passes out of the 4th ventricle (foramen Magendie) into the subarachnoid space 3. Circulates through the ventricles 4. Passes into blood via the arachnoid granulations.
1-3-2-4
HERR: What are the consequences for the following occlusions by gallstones 1. Occlusion of the Common Hepatic Duct 2. Occlusion of the Cystic Duct 3. Occlusion of the Common Bile Duct 4. Occlusion just proximal to the Major Duodenal Papilla
1. Could not secrete or store bile 2. Could not store bile 3. Could not secrete Bile 4. Could not secrete Bile or Pancreatic Enzymes
My question: Match the descriptor with its phase 1. Food is masticated and formed into a bolus. 2. Nasopharynx is closed off and the bolus is propelled into the pharynx. 3. Larynx, nasal cavity, and oral cavity are closed off. The pharynx is shortened, widened, and pulled anteriorly and superiorly. Peristaltic contractions move the bolus through pharynx, past the upper esophageal sphincter into the esophagus. 4. The bolus is propelled down the esophagus to the stomach.
1. Oral Phase 2. Oral propulsive phase 3. Pharyngeal phase 4. Esophageal phase
My question: During whispering, the intercartilaginous part of the glottidis is open, and the intermembranous part of the rima glottidis is closed: 1. The posterior cricoarytenoids and transverse and oblique arytenoids are [relaxed/contracted]. 2. The lateral cricoarytenoids are [relaxed/contracted]
1. The posterior cricoarytenoids and transverse and oblique arytenoids are relaxed. 2. The lateral cricoarytenoids are contracted.
My question: Third part of the Duodenum: 1. The root of "the mesentery" which suspended the jejunum and ileum and the superior mesenteric artery and vein cross ___________ 2. The inferior vena cava and aorta and _____ lumbar vertebra are posterior.
1. anterior 2. 3rd
My question: Fong's/Chad's mnemonic "VIT C & D" helps us understand the branches of the subclavian artery medial to lateral and from what part of the subclavian artery they branch from. What are they and where do they branch?
1st part: VIT= Vertebral A., Internal Thoracic A. , and Thyrocervical Trunk. 2nd Part: C= Costocervial trunk 3rd Part: D= Dorsal Scapular
My question: Arrange these vessels of the cranium from superficial to deep (also in the order of flow). 1. Diploic veins 2. Emissary veins 3. dural venous sinuses
2-1-3
My question: From superior to inferior what is the path of the External Jugular Vein? 1. The transverse cervical vein joins with the suprascapular vein to merge with the EJV below the inferior omohyoid 2. Retromandibular Vein and Posterior Auricular Vein join to create the External jugular vein 3. The EJV proceeds inferiorly, superior to the SCM and in the investing fascia 4. The EJV dives below the pretracheal fascia to join the subclavian vein
2-3-1-4
My question: The transition bewteen the midgut and hindgut can be found where?
2/3 the way through the transverse colon (closer to the left side next to the descending colon)
NELSON: A 67-YO female is admitted to the ER with severe swelling on the right side of her neck. An MRI examination reveals an abscess. The abscess is surgically removed from the middle of the posterior cervical triangle on the right side. During recovery, the patient notices that she can no longer raise her right hand above her head to brush her hair. A) Accessory nerve B) Ansa Cervicalis C) Facial nerve D) Hypoglossal nerve E) Suprascapular nerve
A) Accessory nerve
My question: The following characteristics describe which laryngeal cartilage: Articulate with the cricoid cartilage. The vocal processes serve as a posterior site of attachment of the vocal ligaments, which also attach anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage. The muscular processes serve as muscular attachments facilitating rotational and gliding movements that adjust the approximation of the vocal ligaments A) Arytenoid Cartilages B) Corniculate Cartilages C) Cuniform Cartilages
A) Arytenoid Cartilages
My question: Carotid Sheath with Carotid A., Internal Jugular V., Vagus Nerve, and Ansa Cervicalis are all contents of which triangle? A) Carotid B) Submandibular C) Muscular D) Submental
A) Carotid
SCROGGS: A whispering voice is achieved by which of the following combinations of contractions/relaxations of the laryngeal muscles? A) Contraction of the lateral cricoarytenoids and relaxation of the posterior cricoarytenoids and the transverse and oblique arytenoids B) Simultaneous contraction of the lateral and posterior cricoarytenoids C) Contraction of the cricothyroid and relaxation of the lateral cricoarytenoids D) Relaxation of the posterior cricoarytenoids and contraction of the transverse and oblique arytenoids
A) Contraction of the lateral cricoarytenoids and relaxation of the posterior cricoarytenoids and the transverse and oblique arytenoids
HERR: If the splenic Artery is ligated proximal to the Hilum of the Spleen what structure will completely lose blood flow? A) Fundus of the Stomach B) Greater Curvature of the Stomach C) Lesser Curvature of the Stomach D) Pancreas E) A, B, and D F) all of the above
A) Fundus of the Stomach - The short gastric arteries are the sole source of blood flow to the Fundus and recieve blood from the Splenic Artery. While B is partially true there are Anastomoses witht he right gastro-epiploic artery that would provide some blood flow. - The pancreatic branches are too proximal to be affected here
My question: Which of the following gaps have these features:The cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube, the levator veli palatini, the ascending palatine artery, and the ascending pharyngeal artery all pass through this gap. This upper part of the pharyngeal wall, lacking muscle, doesn't contract. A) Gap between the superior constrictor and the base of the skull B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors C) Gap between middle and inferior constrictors D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus
A) Gap between the superior constrictor and the base of the skull
My question: The ______ nerve provides GSA and GVE above the vocal folds. A) Internal branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve B) External branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve C) Inferior laryngeal nerve
A) Internal branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve
My question: The ______ nerve provides SA (taste) fibers to the epiglottis and the base of the tongue A) Internal branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve B) External branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve C) Inferior laryngeal nerve D) Hypoglossal
A) Internal branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve
My question: Which of the following divide the cranial anterior fossa from middle fossa? A) Lesser wing of the sphenoid B) Petrous crest of the temporal bone C) greater wing of the sphenoid
A) Lesser wing of the sphenoid
My question: Distributed to intraoral and deep head structures A) Maxillary Artery B) Superficial Temporal Artery C) Lingual Artery D) Facial Artery
A) Maxillary Artery
My question: The crura of the diaphragm are connected by which ligament A) Median Arcuate Ligament B) Medial Arcuate Ligament C) Lateral Artuate Ligament
A) Median Arcuate Ligament
My question: The floor of the cranial cavity is formed by all of the following bones except? A) Parietal bone B) Frontal bone C) Ethmoid bone D) Sphenoid bone E) Temporal bone F) Occipital bone
A) Parietal bone
My question: Which of the following is NOT a branch of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery? A) Right Colic Artery B) Left Colic Artery C) Superior Rectal Artery D) Sigmoid Artery
A) Right Colic Artery
SCROGGS: A 67-year-old man reported a recent onset of hoarseness and easy fatigability of his voice. ...He had been a heavy smoker for many years. The patient's speech was breathy, and he was unable to speak loudly or to project his voice. When asked to swallow water, he aspirated a small amount. The man was diagnosed with a pancoast tumor. Damage to which of the following nerves would most likely be involved in producing the above descibed deficits? A) Right recurrent laryngeal nerve B) Left recurrent laryngeal nerve C) Right external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve D) Left internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
A) Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
My question: Which of the following muscles is the common border for the anterior and posterior cervical triangles? A) Sternocleidomastoid B) Anterior Scalene C) Omohyoid D) Posterior Scalene E) Trapezius
A) Sternocleidomastoid
NELSON: The blood flow from the inferior sagittal sinus takes which course? A) Straight sinus, confluence of sinuses, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus B) Straight sinus, sigmoid sinus, cavernous sinus, transverse sinus C) Straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, confluence of sinuses D) Cavernous sinus, transverse sinus, superior petrosal, sigmoid sinus E) Confluence of sinuses, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, jugular bulb
A) Straight sinus, confluence of sinuses, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus
My question: The __________ originates from the styloid process external to the constrictors, descends between the superior and middle constrictors, and inserts into the pharyngeal wall and onto the superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. A) Stylopharyngeus B) Salpingopharyngeus C) Palatopharyngeus
A) Stylopharyngeus
My question: The thoracic duct empties into which of the following vessels? A) Subclavian vein B) Brachiocephalic vein C) External Jugular D) Internal Jugular
A) Subclavian vein
My question: Medial pterygoid plate. Hamulus, Pterygomandibular raphe, and Mylohyoid line of Mandible are all attachments for which circular pharyngeal constrictor? A) Superior B) Middle C) Inferior
A) Superior
My question: A palatopharyngeal sphincter is described on the deep surface of the upper part of the ________ constrictor, which acts in concert with the soft palate to close off the nasopharynx during swallowing. A) Superior constrictor B) Middle constrictor C) Inferior constrictor
A) Superior constrictor
HERR: Palpatation of a painful lump in the inguinal region of a male reveals that the mass is lateral to his rectus abdominis and medial to the postition of the inferior epigastric vessels. What other feature of this type of inguinal hernia would be expected? A) The hernia must pass through the inguinal triangle B) The hernia must pass through the inguinal canal C) The hernia must pass through the superficial inguinal ring D) The hernia must pass inferior to the inguinal ligament E) The hernia must pass through the deep inguinal ring
A) The hernia must pass through the inguinal triangle
My question: The anterior projection of the two lamina of the _________ cartilage forms the laryngeal notch and prominence. A) Thyroid B) Circoid C) Hyoid D) Arytenoid
A) Thyroid
My question: The innervation of all the muscles of the larynx is via branches of the ______ nerve A) Vagus (X) B) Glossopharyngeal (IX) C) Hypoglossal (XII) D) Phrenic (C3, C4, C5)
A) Vagus (X)
My question: BE to pharyngeal constrictors, palatopharyngeus m. and salpingopharyngeus m. (pharyngeal arch 4/6) come from which pharyngeal plexus contribution? A) Vagus Nerve (X) B) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) C) Sympathetic nerves
A) Vagus Nerve (X)
My question: GSA from lower 1/3 of pharynx (laryngopharynx) come from which pharyngeal plexus contribution? A) Vagus Nerve (X) B) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) C) Sympathetic nerves
A) Vagus Nerve (X)
My question: The depressions between the tongue and epiglottis are called... A) Vallecula B) Pharyngeal recesses C) Epiglottic folds
A) Vallecula
My question: _________ is formed along the superior aspect of the calvera, along a line where meningeal dural layers invaginate to form the falx cerebri. The __________ extends from foramen cecum of the ethmoid bone anteriorly to the confluence of sinuses posteriorly. A) superior saggital sinus B) inferior saggital sinus C) straight sinus D) occipital sinus E) confluence of sinuses F) transverse sinus G) sigmoid sinus H) cavernous sinus
A) superior saggital sinus
My question: Your patient has some weird kinks and, while doing the hanky-panky, has recieved a blow to the posterior triangle. Before kink-shaming this degenerate, what nerve running on the floor of the posterior triangle do you suspect has been injured?
Accessory Nerve (XI)
My question: In the sympathetic nervous system, most always, the preganglionic fibers travel through white rami into the chain ganglion, leave (still as preganglionic fibers) through splanchnic nerves, synapse with postganglionic fibers in collateral ganglia, and go to the target organ (as postganglionic fibers). What is the one exception?
Adrenal chromaffin cells act as the postganglionic fibers within the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine.
My question: The occipital triangle is a subdivision of the posterior cervical triangle. Match its boundaries with the appropriate structure. Anterior:??? Posterior:??? Inferior:??? Floor:???
Anterior: Posterior border of SCM Posterior: Anterolateral border of Trapezius Inferior: Inferior belly of the Omohyoid Floor: Splenius Capitis, Levator Scapulae, Posterior Scalene, Middle Scalene, and the Anterior Muscles
My question: Match the border of the Posterior Cervical Triangle with its structure Anterior:??? Posterior:??? Inferior:??? Superior:???
Anterior: Posterior edge of SCM Posterior: Anterior edge of Trapezius Inferior: middle 1/3 of Clavicle Superior: Occipital bone (posterior to the mastoid process)
My question: If you see a nerve lying on top (superficial) to the posterior scalene muscle this nerve is likely... A) Transverse cervical B) Accessory (XI) C) Suprascapular D) Dorsal Scapular
B) Accessory (XI)
My question: The lesser occipital nerve, great auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, and supraclavicular nerve are all _______ branches of the cervical plexus. A) Muscular B) Cutaneous
B) Cutaneous
SCROGGS: The quadrangular membrane spans between which of the following two laryngeal cartilages? A) Epiglottic and thyroid cartilages B) Epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages C) Thyroid and cricoid cartilages D) Arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
B) Epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages
My question: The _________ provides BE motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle. A) Internal branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve B) External branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve C) Inferior laryngeal nerve
B) External branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve
My question: All 4 of the gaps created by the circular constrictors have buccopharyngeal fascia, and mucosa. Which gap has the thyrohyoid membrane in addition to these layers? A) Gap between the superior constrictor and the base of the skull B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors C) Gap between middle and inferior constrictors D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus
B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors
My question: Which of the following gaps have these features: The stylopharyngeus muscle, glossopharyngeal nerve, and lingual artery all pass through this gap. A) Gap between the superior constrictor and the base of the skull B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors C) Gap between middle and inferior constrictors D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus
B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors
My question: Enters the submandibular triangle to supply the floor of the mouth and tongue. A) Superior Thyroid Artery B) Lingual Artery C) Facial Artery D) Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
B) Lingual Artery
My question: You improperly used the dental dam in the mouth as opposed to the genitals. Your patient has deep-throated your dental dam and cannot breathe. You decide it is necessary to perform an emergency tracheotomy. Which of the following would be the structure that you would cut? A) Thyroid Membrane B) Median Cricothyroid Ligament C) Vocal Ligament D) External Jugular Vein (dead people can't sue)
B) Median Cricothyroid Ligament - D) is an acceptable answer if they have no family
My question: The stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn of hyoid, and greater horn of hyoid are all attachments for which circular pharyngeal constrictor? A) Superior B) Middle C) Inferior
B) Middle
My question: Which nerve runs on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene and into the thorax between the subclavian artery and vein? A) Vagus B) Phrenic C) Inferior Laryngeal D) Aortic Nerve of the femur
B) Phrenic - D is for you're done Drop out
My question: Arises off the posterior side of the Ext. Carotid Artery at the level of the posterior belly of the digastric. Passes posteriorly along the superior border of the posterior belly of the digastric. Ascends posterior to the external acoustic meatus to supply regions around parotid gland, temporal bone, the auricle and the scalp. A) Occipital Artery B) Posterior Auricular Artery
B) Posterior Auricular Artery
My question: Two facets on either side of the posterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage articulate with the arytenoid cartilages via the cricoarytenoid joint. This joint allows the arytenoid cartilages to... A) Rock anteriorly and posteriorly B) Rotate and glide C) Do the stanky leg
B) Rotate and glide
My question: The ____________ originates from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and inserts into the inner wall of the pharynx. A) Stylopharyngeus B) Salpingopharyngeus C) Palatopharyngeus
B) Salpingopharyngeus
My question: The entire inner surface of the pharynx is covered with mucosa. The mucosa is draped over which two muscles creates visible folds with the same names? (PICK 2) A) Stylopharyngeus B) Salpingopharyngeus C) Palatopharyngeus
B) Salpingopharyngeus C) Palatopharyngeus
My question: Which of the following muscles does not insert on the hyoid nor has a function involving the hyoid? A) Omohyoid B) Sternothyroid C) Sternohyoid D) Thyrohyoid
B) Sternothyroid (Depresses the Larynx)
My question: Submandibular Gland, Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII), Nerve to the Mylohyoid, Facial Artery and Vein are all contents of which of the following triangles? A) Carotid B) Submandibular C) Muscular D) Submental
B) Submandibular
My question: Terminal branch of the Ext. Carotid. Distributed to temporal region. Remains somewhat superficial. A) Maxillary Artery B) Superficial Temporal Artery C) Posterior Auricular Artery D) Facial Artery
B) Superficial Temporal Artery
My question: The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein is the combination of which two sources? A) Maxillary and Facial veins B) Superficial Temporal and Maxillary veins C) Superficial Temporal and Facial D) Posterior Auricular and Superficial Temporal Veins E) Bellbottom Genes and Civil Rights vein
B) Superficial Temporal and Maxillary veins - I'm gonna be really sad if you guys don't see this question
My question: Facial and cranial bones can be separated by an imaginary line through which two structures? A) Nasion to Condyle B) Supraorbital Ridge to Mastoid Process C) Crista Galli to Styloid process
B) Supraorbital Ridge to Mastoid Process
NELSON: Which of the following IS NOT involved in blood flow to and from the suprarenal glands? A) The left inferior phrenic artery B) The right renal vein C) The inferior vena cava D) The aorta E) The left renal artery
B) The right renal vein
My question: In the nasopharynx, an overhang where the mucosa covers the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube. A) Choanae B) Torus Tubaris C) Salpingopharyngeal fold D) Pharyngeal recesses E) Soft Palate F) Palatopharyngeal sphincter
B) Torus Tubaris
NELSON: A 20-YO woman has a stab wound in the superior region of the neck. The patient has lost sensation from the skin over anterior neck and the middle and anterior margin of the jaw. Which of the following nerves is most likely injured? A) Supraclavicular B) Transverse Cervical C) Great Auricular D) Greater Occipital E) Lesser Occipital
B) Transverse Cervical
My question: Parasympathetic fibers (GVE) that innervate mucous glands in the inner layer of mucosa that lines the pharynx come from which source? A) Vagus nerve (X) contribution from the pharyngeal plexus B) Vagus nerve (X) C) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) contribution of the pharyngeal plexus D) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
B) Vagus nerve (X)
NELSON: The child complained of neck pain and suffered a fever but with no sore throat for 2 days subsequent to a periodontal procedure. The child has a decreased range of motion of the neck and a right anterior cervical node were observed; the child refused to swallow. She was admitted and started on IV clindamycin. She improved for 2-3 days and then worsened. She was admitted to surgery, and subsequently made a full recovery after surgical intervention and an additional course of antibiotics. What is the most likely location of the infection in the 5-YO girl who presented in the ER? A) Within the carotid sheath B) Within the retropharyngeal space C) Anterior to the pretracheal fascia D) Posterior to the prevertebral fascia E) Superficial to the investing fascia
B) Within the retropharyngeal space
My question: ________ frequently form on both sides and are calluses, often caused by overuse. They often can be successfully resolved by resting the vocal cords and voice training. A) laryngeal hemorrhagic polyp B) laryngeal nodule
B) laryngeal nodule
My question: Which of the following is not one of the three regions of the pharynx? A) nasopharynx B) traheopharynx C) oropharynx D) laryngeopharynx
B) traheopharynx
My question: What is the area of the liver where cancer metastasis from the lungs to the liver or vice versa is most likely?
Bare area -The superior, posterior, right side of the liver is a location for passage of lymph vessels
My question: The Splenic Artery is retroperitoneal, but its branches the Short Gastric and Left Gastro-epiploic arteries are peritonealized (T/F, T/F)
Both statements are TRUE -Short Gastric= Gastrosplenic Ligament - Left Gastro-epiploic= Gastrocolic Ligament
My question: Four dural partitions are formed by invaginations of the meningeal layer of the dura mater; each invagination forming a double layered sheet extending between different parts of the brain [T/F, T/F]
Both statements are True
My question: The Medial Arcuate Ligament runs over the upper part of the Psoas Major, and the Lateral Arcuate Ligament runs over the quadratus lumborum (T/F, T/F)
Both statements are True
My question: The sensory neurons that evaluate the bolus before swallowing include both the Vagus (X) and the Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves, but the reflex peristaltic contractions of the pharynx is solely Vagal (X) [T/F, T/F]
Both statements are true
HERR: Think about a stomach ulcer the erodes the posterior stomach wall. What organs or parts of organs would become necrotic? (Pick all that apply) A) Head of Pancreas B) Neck of Pancreas C) Body of Pancreas D) Tail of Pancreas E) Anterior Body of Stomach F) Posterior Body of Stomach G) Fundus of Stomach H) Superior Part of the greater curvature of the Stomach I) Inferior Part of the greater curvature of the Stomach
C) Body of Pancreas D) Tail of Pancreas F) Posterior Body of Stomach G) Fundus of Stomach H) Superior Part of the greater curvature of the Stomach
My question: Which of the following is the most posterior structure? A) Subclavian Artery B) Subclavian Vein C) Brachial Plexus
C) Brachial Plexus - subclavian vein is the most anterior
My question: Which of the following is included within the 3rd part of the Subclavian? A) Vertebral Artery B) Thyrocervical Trunk C) Dorsal Scapular Artery D) Costocervical Trunk E) Internal Thoracic Artery
C) Dorsal Scapular Artery
My question: All of the laryngeal muscles, besides the cricothyroid muscle, recieve BE motor innervation via the ________ nerve. A) Internal branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve B) External branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve C) Inferior laryngeal nerve
C) Inferior laryngeal nerve
My question: The _______ nerve provides GSA and GVE below the vocal folds A) Internal branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve B) External branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve C) Inferior laryngeal nerve
C) Inferior laryngeal nerve
TAYLOR: Which of the following arteries is a branch of the renal artery? A) Gonadal B) Inferior phrenic C) Inferior suprarenal D) Middle suprarenal E) Superior suprarenal
C) Inferior suprarenal
My question: Which of the following is NOT a branch of the Costocervical Trunk? A) SUPREME (superior/highest) Intercostal B) Deep cervical C) Internal Thoracic
C) Internal Thoracic - This is a direct branch of the 1st part of the subclavian and the costocervical trunk is within the 2nd part
My question: The superior larygeal nerve is a branch of the Vagus that courses directly deep to what structure? A) Internal Jugular B) Common Carotid C) Internal and External Carotid D) Thoracic Duct
C) Internal and External Carotid
My question: All of the scalene muscles regardless of insertion do what? A) Rotate the head B) Flexion of the head C) Lateral bending of the spine D) Raise the first rib
C) Lateral bending of the spine - the posterior scalene raises the 2nd rib
My question: Which of the following are NOT branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery? A) Middle Colic Artery B) Right Colic Artery C) Left Colic Artery D) Illeocolic Artery E) A, B, and C
C) Left Colic Artery
My question: The Liver has all of the following impressions except? A) Stomach B) Right Kidney C) Left Colic Flexure D) Right Colic Flexure
C) Left Colic Flexure
My question: Neck viscera including thyroid and parathyroid glands; Infrahyoid muscles, terminations of ansa cervicalis, Superior thyroid artery, Sup. laryngeal artery, internal and external laryngeal nn., Recurrent laryngeal n. and other important structures like lymphatics are all contents of which of the following triangles A) Carotid B) Submandibular C) Muscular D) Submental
C) Muscular
My question: The body of the sphenoid bone has all of the following structures EXCEPT? A) Hypophoseal fossa B) Optic Chiasm C) Optic Plate D) Groove for the internal carotid artery E) Dorsum sellae F) Hypophoseal Fossa G) none of the above
C) Optic Plate
My question: The _________ originates from the soft palate and inserts into the inner wall of the pharynx A) Stylopharyngeus B) Salpingopharyngeus C) Palatopharyngeus
C) Palatopharyngeus
My question: Which of the following divides the cranial middle fossa from the posterior fossa? A) Lesser wing of the sphenoid B) Greater wing of the sphenoid C) Petrous crest of the temporal bone D) brainstem
C) Petrous crest of the temporal bone
My question: The _________ recesses are mucosa lined depressions in the space between the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages medially and the posterior borders of the thyroid cartilages laterally. A) Pharyngeal B) Laryngeal C) Piriform D) Cuniform
C) Piriform
My question: All of the following muscles originate on transverse processes of cervical vertebrae and are innervated by ventral rami of the cervical plexus, but only two insert on the 1st rib. Which one is not associated in insertion and function of the first rib? A) Anterior Scalene B) Middle Scalene C) Posterior Scalene
C) Posterior Scalene (inserts and functions with the 2nd rib)
My question: Your patient presents with Mumps. Which of the following superficial lymph nodes are likely involved? A) Occipital B) Mastoid C) Preauricular and Parotid D) Submandibular E) Submental
C) Preauricular and Parotid
SCROGGS: Man with pancoast tumor with damage to his right recurrent laryngeal nerve (paraphrased). Which of the following muscles was most likely compensated for by the medialization larygoplasty (an implant into the thyroid cartilage)? A) Right posterior cricoarytenoid muscle B) Right cricothyroid muscle C) Right lateral cricoarytenoid muscle D) Right vocalis muscle
C) Right lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
My question: In the nasopharynx, a ridge formed by mucosa overlying the salpingopharyngeus muscle A) Choanae B) Torus Tubaris C) Salpingopharyngeal fold D) Pharyngeal recesses E) Soft Palate F) Palatopharyngeal sphincter
C) Salpingopharyngeal fold
NELSON: A six-year-old male child who had a complicated delivery has a permanently tilted head posture with the right ear near the right should and the face turned upward and to the left. Which of the following muscles was most likely damaged during birth A) Anterior Scalene B) Omohyoid C) Sternocleidomastoid D) Trapezius E) Platysma
C) Sternocleidomastoid
My question: The oblique line of the thyroid lamina serves as a muscle attachment for all of the following muscles EXCEPT? A) Sternothyroid B) Thyrohyoid C) Sternohyoid D) Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
C) Sternohyoid
NELSON: A 43 YO man is diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma. A surgical procedure is performed, and the tumor is successfully removed from his larynx. The right ansa cervicalis is anastomosed with the right recurrent laryngeal nerve in order to reinnervate the muscles of the larynx and restore phonation. Which of the following muscles will most likely be paralyzed? A) Sternocleidomastoid B) Platysma C) Sternohyoid D) Trapezius E) Cricothyroid
C) Sternohyoid
My question: Blood that has collected between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater may occur in patients who have undergone significant cerebral trauma, but typically it results from a ruptured intracerebral aneurysm arising from the vessels supplying and around the arterial circle of Willis. A) Extradural hematoma B) Subdural hematoma C) Subarachnoid hematoma
C) Subarachnoid hematoma
My question: The esophagus passes through the esophageal hiatus at what level? A) T 8 B) T 9 C) T 10 C) T 11 D) T 12 E) T 69
C) T 10 - 10 eggs= 10 esophagus eggsits (haha)
NELSON: A 25-year-old right-handed male cricket player presents following an incident in which he was stuck on the left side of the head... lost coordination, motor cortical, speech and eventually consciousness. Imaging shows a fracture of the region on the lateral skull called the Pterion and what appears to be epidural hematoma. What is the MOST LIKELY STRUCTURE whose damage is ultimately causing loss of function? A) The transverse sinus B) The sagittal sinus C) The middle meningeal artery D) The branches of the internal carotid E) The external jugular vein F) none of the above
C) The middle meningeal artery
NELSON: A 24 YO women presents with intermittent tingling and pain from the distal upper extremity and also from the chest, neck and shoulder. She has periods during which she has no symptoms at all. The pain seems to be exacerbated by long periods of studying. What is likely the cause? A) Herniated cervical disc B) Heart Attack C) Thoracic outlet syndrome D) Multiple sclerosis E) none of the above
C) Thoracic outlet syndrome
My question: Which of the following does NOT pass through the cavernous sinus? A) internal carotid artery B) maxillary and opthalmic branches of the trigeminal nerve C) mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve D) trochlear nerve E) occulomotor nerve F) abducens nerve G) none of the above
C) mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve - this passes through the foramen ovale
My question: Nelson's mnemonic "Body=Both" is a mnemonic that helps us understand the difference in innervation between the Carotid Sinus and Carotid Body. What are the innervations of these structures?
Carotid Sinus= glossopharyngeal (IX) Carotid Body= glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X)
My question: The mnemonic I8 10eggs @12 is an accronym that helps us remember the levels of the Caval, Esophageal, and Aortic Hiatus. At what levels are these Hiatii?
Caval Hiatus=T8 Esophageal Hiatus= T10 Aortic Hiatus= T12
My question: You f**ked up doing a nerve block and went so deep that you hit the pterygoid venus plexus. During a post-op appointment the patient presents with swollen eyelids, ptosis, numbness, and fever. You decide not to send this patient to the hospital bc you don't want anyone to find out you gave the patient what condition?
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
My question: Which artery and vein is the Vagus nerve found between?
Common Carotid and Internal Jugular
HERR: An ulcer errodes through the FIRST part of the Duodenum, what structures would likely be in danger?
Common bile duct and Gastroduodenal artery
NELSON: A 36-year-old man presented to the out-patient clinic of complaining of weakness and limited range of motion of his right shoulder. He had noticed, over the past two months, that abduction and elevation of the joint had gradually become limited. He denied any neck or shoulder pain and could not recall a specific precipitating traumatic event or any recent episode of respiratory infection. However, he reported that his job was a heavy manual one, requiring lifting and carrying heavy objects on his shoulders. What is compromised? A) Upper trunk B) Supraclavicular nerve(s) C) Suprascapular nerve D) Accessory nerve E) Axillary nerve
D) Accessory nerve
My question: Arises off the deep side of the junction between Internal and External Carotids. It Is small and difficult to see; you will probably tear it. It is distributed to pharyngeal muscles, prevertebral muscles, middle ear and meninges. It is variable in its departure from the External Carotid Artery. A) Superior Thyroid Artery B) Lingual Artery C) Facial Artery D) Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
D) Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
My question: All of the following are true of the cisterna chyli (lymph node) EXCEPT: A) Lies on the body of LV 1 B) Posterior to the Aorta C) Recieves lymphatic flow from the lumbar and intestinal channels that drain the abdominal viscer, pelvis and lower limbs D) Ascends into the thorax through the Esophageal Hiatus
D) Ascends into the thorax through the Esophageal Hiatus (with the aorta through the aortic hiatus)
HERR: Which celiac trunk arteries are LEAST LIKELY to anastomose? A) Branches of the splenic and common hepatic arteries B) Branches of the left gastric and proper hepatic arteries C) Branches of the splenic and gastroduodenal arteries D) Branches of the right gastric and splenic arteries
D) Branches of the right gastric and splenic arteries
HERR: Palpatation of a painful lump in the inguinal region of a male reveals that the mass is lateral to his rectus abdominis and medial to the postition of the inferior epigastric vessels. What type of hernia is this called and why? A) Direct because it passes directly throuhg the inguinal canal B) Indirect bc it passes indirectly throuhg the abdominal wall C) Indirect bc it passes through the inguinal canal D) Direct bc it passes directly through the abdominal wall E) Indirect becasue it passes through Hasselbach's triangle
D) Direct bc it passes directly through the abdominal wall
My question: All 4 of the gaps created by the circular constrictors have buccopharyngeal fascia, and mucosa. Which of the gaps ONLY have these layers? A) Gap between the superior constrictor and the base of the skull B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors C) Gap between middle and inferior constrictors D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus
D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus
My question: Which of the following gaps have these features: The recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior laryngeal artery pass through this gap. A) Gap between the superior constrictor and the base of the skull B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors C) Gap between middle and inferior constrictors D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus
D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus
My question: The folds of mucosa between the epiglottis and the tongue are called? A) Vallecula B) Salpingopharyngeal fold C) Palatoglossal fold D) Glossoepiglottic folds
D) Glossoepiglottic folds
NELSON: Which IS NOT associated with the middle cranial fossa? A) Superior orbital fissure B) Foramen rotundum C) Foramen spinosum D) Internal Acoustic Meatus E) Hiatus of the facial canal
D) Internal Acoustic Meatus
My question: At what level does the abdominal aorta end? A) L1 B) L2 C) L3 D) L4 E) L5 F) S1
D) L4
My question: : In the nasopharynx, this structure lies lateral to the salpingopharyngeal fold and are the most common site of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A) Choanae B) Torus Tubaris C) Salpingopharyngeal fold D) Pharyngeal recesses E) Soft Palate F) Palatopharyngeal sphincter
D) Pharyngeal recesses
HERR: All of the follwing layers would be passed to gain entry into the abdominal cavity just lateral to the midline and one inch above the pubic symphysis EXCEPT: A) Parietal peritoneum B) Anterior rectus sheath C) Rectus abdominus D) Posterior rectus sheath E) Transversalis fascia
D) Posterior rectus sheath - this is below the arcuate line
My question: Ant. Jugular V. and lymph nodes are contents of which of the follwoing triangles? A) Carotid B) Submandibular C) Muscular D) Submental
D) Submental
My question: Which of the following is NOT within the Carotid sheath? A) Common Carotid Artery B) Internal jugular vein C) Vagus Nerve D) Sympathetic Trunk and Ganglia E) none of the above
D) Sympathetic Trunk and Ganglia
NELSON: A 16-YO boy has a painless neck mass that is tender with colds. He has a branchial cyst along the anterior border of the SCM at the middle third of the muscle below the mandibular angle. Which nerve is LEAST LIKELY in danger from the cyst's excision? A) Hypoglossal B) The Transverse Cervical C) The Superior Root of Ansa Cervicalis D) The Phrenic E) The Great Auricular
D) The Phrenic
My question: Which of the following is false regarding the pharyngeal phase of swallowing in the laryngopharynx? A) The epiglottis folds posteriorly to help direct food/liquids past the laryngeal inlet. B) The vocal folds close tightly to prevent food/liquids from entering the airway. C) Food/liquids pass laterally through the piriform recesses. D) The cricopharyngeus (upper esophageal sphincter) contracts to allow food/liquid to pass into the esophagus.
D) The cricopharyngeus (upper esophageal sphincter) contracts to allow food/liquid to pass into the esophagus. - it relaxes
My question: The "H" shape of the visceral surface of the liver is formed by all of the following EXCEPT: A) Fissures for the ligamentum teres (anteriorly) and ligamentum venosum (posteriorly) on the left B) The fossa for the gallbladder (anteriorly) and fossa for the inferior vena cava (posteriorly) on the right. C) Porta hepatis centrally. D) The left and right posterior coronary ligaments
D) The left and right posterior coronary ligaments
NELSON: Which of the following DO(ES) NOT empty into or flow from the confluence of sinuses? A) The straight sinus B) The occipital Sinus C) The transverse sinus D) The sigmoid sinus E) The superior sagittal sinus
D) The sigmoid sinus
My question: Which of the follwoing is not innervated by the C1-C3 spinal nerves via the Ansa Cervicalis? A) Omohyoid B) Sternothyroid C) Sternohyoid D) Thyrohyoid
D) Thyrohyoid (C1 branch traveling with CN XIII)
My question: ________ covers the hypophyseal fossa and partially separates pituitary gland (which resides there) from the hypothalamus. The pituitary stalk (infundibulum) passes through an opening in the _________ and connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus. A) falx cerebri B) falx cerebelli C) tentorium cerebelli D) diaphragma sellae
D) diaphragma sellae
My question: Which of the following bones is not included within the middle cranial fossa? A) sphenoid bone B) temporal bone C) parietal bone D) Ethmoid bone
D) ethmoid bone
My question: Which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF? A) keeps arachnoid membrane pressed out against the dura mater B) supplying nutrients and carrying away waste C) creates buoyancy for the brain D) none of the above
D) none of the above
My question: Which of the following is false about the anterior jugular vein? A) small veins come together at or just superior to the hyoid bone creating this vein B) near the medial attachment of the SCM (near the manubrium), pierces the investing layer of the cervicle fascia C) drains into the subclavian vein D) none of the above
D) none of the above
My question: ________ runs along the meningeal layers reflect to form the falx cerebelli on the posterior aspect of the cranial cavity, and also drains into the confluence of sinuses. A) superior saggital sinus B) inferior saggital sinus C) straight sinus D) occipital sinus E) confluence of sinuses F) transverse sinus G) sigmoid sinus H) cavernous sinus
D) occipital sinus
My question: Which artery ascends in the back of the neck and anastomoses with the descending branch of the occipital artery?
Deep cervical artery - branch of the costocervical trunk of the 2nd part of the subclavian
My question: All 4 of the gaps created by the circular constrictors have buccopharyngeal fascia, and mucosa. Which of the following contain pharyngobasilar fascia in addition to these layers? A) Gap between the superior constrictor and the base of the skull B) Gap between the superior and middle, constrictors C) Gap between middle and inferior constrictors D) Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus E) A and B
E) A and B
HERR: Think about a stomach ulcer the erodes the posterior stomach wall. Where would blood pool? A) Spleen B) Greater Sac C) Lesser Sac/Omental Bursa D) A and B E) A and C
E) A and C
My question: Which of the following are branches of the Gastroduodenal Artery? A) Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery B) Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery C) Right gastro-epiploic artery D) Left gastro-epiploic artery E) A, B, and C F) A, B and D G) all of the above
E) A, B, and C - LGE is off the splenic artery
My question: Thoracic Outlet syndrome (Costoclavicular, Scalenes-anticus, and hyperabduction syndrome) is a compression of which of the following structures? A) Brachial Plexus B) Subclavian Artery C) Subclavian Vein D) A and B E) All of the above
E) All of the above - however subclavian vein would not be compressed in atleast the scalene anticus syndrome... not so sure about hyperabduction
NELSON: ...Imaging shows a fracture of the region on the lateral skull called the Pterion and what appears to be epidural hematoma. In which space is the damage found? A) Between the pia mater and the motor cortical surface B) Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater C) Betwee the meningeal layer of the dura and the arachnoid mater D) Between the periosteal layer of the dura and the menigneal layer of the dura E) Between the inner table of the skull and the periosteal layer of the dura
E) Between the inner table of the skull and the periosteal layer of the dura
My question: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the spleen? A) A lateral (or diaphragmatic) surface B) A visceral (or medial) surface C) Depression for stomach D) Depression for left kidney E) Depression for right colic flexure
E) Depression for right colic flexure - That is a characteristic for the liver - to make this true change to left colic flexure
My question: Which of the following does not contribute to the pterion? A) Frontal bone B) Parietal bone C) Sphenoid bone D) Temporal bone E) Ethmoid bone
E) Ethmoid bone
My question: Which of the following structures is NOT part of the anterior cranial fossa? A) Foramen Cecum B) Frontal bone C) Lesser Wing of the sphenoid D) Body of the sphenoid E) Greater wing of the sphenoid bone F) Ethmoid bone G) Cribiform plate I) Crista galli
E) Greater wing of the sphenoid bone -This is in the middle fossa
My question: The internal jugular veins have all of the following venous inputs EXCEPT: A) Lingual B) Facial C) Superior Thyroid D) Middle Thyroid E) Inferior Thyroid
E) Inferior Thyroid
My question: Which of the following is NOT part of the tonsillar ring? A) Pharyngeal tonsil B) Tubular tonsils C) Palatine tonsils D) Lingual tonsils E) Parotid tonsils
E) Parotid tonsils - Tonsils are masses of lymphoid tissue that take up toxins, viruses, and bacteria from oral cavity and pharynx and provide early initiation of the immune response
My question: The inferior border of the nasopharynx that has a musculofibrous structure attached to the posterior margin of the hard palate. A) Choanae B) Torus Tubaris C) Salpingopharyngeal fold D) Pharyngeal recesses E) Soft Palate F) Palatopharyngeal sphincter
E) Soft Palate
TAYLOR: During digestion and processing of food in the stomach, which part of the autonomic nervous system is involved? A) Greater splanchnic nerve B) Lesser splanchnic nerve C) Lumbar splanchnic nerve D) Pelvic splanchnic nerve E) Vagus Nerve
E) Vagus Nerve
My question: Numbness around the face and eyes and paralysis of eye muscles are symptoms of Cavernous sinus thrombosis because which of the following nerves run through there? A) CN III B) CN IV C) CN VI D) Opthalamic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal (V) E) all of the above
E) all of the above
NELSON: A blood clot occludes the descending aorta. Which of the following anastomoses could allow for collateral circulation? A) Separate branches of the aorta above the celiac trunk B) Branches of the internal thoracic and external illiac arteries C) Branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries D) Branches of the subclavian and common illiac arteries E) all of the above
E) all of the above -A) Superior suprarenal via the inferior phrenic and middle suprarenal directly from the aorta B) Sup & Inf epigastric C)Artery of Drummond D) Internal thoracic & Inf epigastric
My question: Which of the following bones is not a component of the posterior cranial fossa A) Temporal bone B) Parietal bone C) Occipital bone D) Sphenoid bone E) none of the above
E) none of the above
My question: The Lesser Occipital, Great Auricular, Transverse Cervical, and Supraclavicular nerves, all of which are sensory parts of the cervical plexus that innervate the anterior and lateral neck come emerge from a point on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid. Deep and slightly inferior to this point lies the upper trunk of the Brachial Plexus. What is the name of this point?
Erb's pont/Nerve Point of the neck/Puntum nervosum
My question: An arterial channel is formed from branches along the margin of the large intestine. This arterial channel is called the marginal artery and is formed by branches from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Which of the following is not a contributor to the Marginal Artery? A) ileocolic B) right colic C) middle colic D) left colic E) sigmoid artery F) none of the above
F) none of the above - Fun fact: The marginal artery forms an important collateral blood supply between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and thus the midgut and hindgut.
My question: The Platysma is a muscle of facial expression and is innervated by the ___________. It is found within the superficial fascia, hence outside the (deep) investing fascia of the neck. It begins in the superficial fascia near the clavicle and runs upward to blend with muscles of the face
Facial Nerve (VII)
My question: (T/F) Anterior and posterior parts of the cranium and neck recieve cutaneous innervation from the cervical plexus.
False - The region anterior to the auricle (ear) is served by branches of the trigeminal nerve (V)
My question: (T/F) Because the kidneys are surrounded in Perirenal fat (enveloping kidney), Renal fascia (surrounds Perirenal fat), and Pararenal fat (surrounds the renal fascia posteriolateral to the kidney), they are considered peritoneal organs.
False - While these layers are correct they are still considered retroperitoneal
My question: (T/F) The celiac trunk comes off the aorta at the level 1st lumbar vertebra within the transpyloric plane
False (just above the 1st lumbar vertebra, not within the TP)
My question: The ligament of Trietz/Suspensory ligament of duodenum is important because it marks the transition from what two structures?
Fourth part of the duodenum from the Jejunum (Duodenojejunal junction)
My question: Which of the following is not a possible cause of a lesion that can affect the larynx? A) carotid surgery B) thyroid surgery C) A pancoast tumor D) Lung tumors that metastasize to the mediastinum or aortic aneurysms. E) Tumors or hemorrhage in the brain stem that affect the cell bodies of motor neurons that run in the vagus. F) Tumors near the jugular foramen where the vagus exits the skull. G) none of the above
G) none of the above
My question: ________ follow an 'S' shaped path towards the jugular foramen, where they transition into the internal jugular veins. A) superior saggital sinus B) inferior saggital sinus C) straight sinus D) occipital sinus E) confluence of sinuses F) transverse sinuses G) sigmoid sinuses H) cavernous sinus
G) sigmoid sinuses
My question: The transpyloric plane is a landmark for which of the following structures? A) Pyloric Canal and Pyloric Sphincter B) The first part of the duodenum C) The 1st lumbar vertebrae D) Fundus of the Gall Bladder E) Superior Mesenteric Artery F) Celiac Trunk G) A and C H) A,B, C, D, E I) All of the above
H) A,B, C, D, E
My question: In addition, large dural sinuses, called the _____________, are located on either side of the body of the sphenoid bone. The cavernous sinuses are drained by the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses that run superiorly and inferiorly along the crest of the petrous temporal bone and drain into the sigmoid sinuses. A) superior saggital sinus B) inferior saggital sinus C) straight sinus D) occipital sinus E) confluence of sinuses F) transverse sinuses G) sigmoid sinuses H) cavernous sinuses
H) cavernous sinuses
My question: The epiploic foramen (of Winslow- prick), which connects the greater sac to the omental bursa/lesser sac, is formed by which ligament of the lesser omentum?
Hepatoduodenal
My question: The portal triad (common bile duct, hepatic portal vein, and proper hepatic artery) is contained within the ___________ ligament
Hepatoduodenal
My question: Match the structures with their vertebral level. Hyoid Bone:??? Thyroid Cartilage:??? Cricoid Cartilage:???
Hyoid Bone: C3 Thyroid Cartilage:C4-C5 Cricoid Cartilage:C6
My question: Which of the following are not innervated by the thoracic splanchnics (greater, lesser, least)? A) foregut B) midgut C) liver D) pancreas E) spleen F) kidneys G) adrenal glands H) gonads I) none of the above
I) none of the above
My question: The_______ artery branches from the right side of the superior mesenteric artery and courses inferiorly to the lower right quadrant to reach the ileocecal junction. It provides branches to the distal ileum, cecum, and appendix, and forms an ascending branch that anastomoses with the right colic artery along the ascending colon.
Illeocolic Artery
My question: What is the function/innervation of the following nerves? Illiohypogastric:??? Illioinguinal:??? Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh:??? Femoral Nerve:??? Obturator Nerve:???
Illiohypogastric: Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis Illioinguinal: Internal Oblique and Transversus Abdominis (travels with spermatic cord in inguinal canal) Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh: sensory function Femoral Nerve: muscles in the anterior thigh Obturator Nerve: muscles in the medial thigh
For your reading enjoyment: - The soft palate is pulled superiorly (by palate muscles to be discussed at a later date) during the swallow to block the passage of fluid into the nasal cavity. - Palatoglossus, and to a lesser extent palatopharyngeus, pull the tongue and soft palate together in order to block passage of the liquid back into the oral cavity. - The epiglottis can be discerned (faintly) in its vertical position before the swallow. It folds down over the laryngeal inlet during the swallow to prevent liquid from entering the airway.
Im losing it plz help
My question: Match the foramina of the posterior cranial fossa with the structures that run through them Internal auditory meatus: ??? (2) Jugular Foramen (petous temporal and occipital): ??? (4) Hypoglossal canal: ??? (1) Foramen Magnum: ??? (2.5?)
Internal auditory meatus: Facial and Vestibulocochlear nerves Jugular Foramen (petous temporal and occipital): Internal Jugular Vein, Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX), Vagus nerve (X), and Accessory (XI) nerve Hypoglossal canal: Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) Foramen Magnum: Spinal Cord, Vertebral Artery, Spinal roots of the Accessory nerve
My question: Which artery branches off of the subclavian artery, descends into the thorax, and runs adjacent to the sternum?
Internal thoracic
My question: Caudate and Quadrate lobes functionally belong to the right/left lobe of the liver
Left - because they are suppled by the left hepatic artery
My question: Match the following branches of the IMA with what they supply. Left Colic Artery:??? Sigmoid Artery:??? Superior Rectal Artery:???
Left Colic Artery: Descending Colon Sigmoid Artery: Sigmoid Colon Superior Rectal Artery: Superior Rectum
My question: Fong's mnemonic "Little Trucks Get Smashed" helps us understand the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus. What are these branches and their roots?
Lesser Occipital (C2) Transverse Cervical (C2-C3) Great Auricular (C2- C3) Supraclavicular nerves (C3-C4)
My question: The second part of the duodenum contains the ________ _______ _______ which is important because it marks the boundary between the foregut and midgut.
Major Duodenal Papilla
My question: Match the descriptor with the part of the subclavian artery that is likely to be there (1st, 2nd, 3rd) Medial to the Anterior Scalene:??? Directly posterior to the Anterior Scalene:??? Lateral to the Anterior Scalene:???
Medial to the Anterior Scalene: 1st part Directly posterior to the Anterior Scalene: 2nd part Lateral to the Anterior Scalene: 3rd part
My question: Which artery runs first below and then behind the posterior belly of the Digastric muscle. It runs medial to the mastoid process which it groves and it pass backward toward the Occiput.
Occipital Artery
My question: The foramina in the cribiform plate permit the passage of the fibers of the _________ nerve?
Olfactory
My question: Match the foramina of the sphenoid bone with the structures that pass through them Optic Canals: ??? (1) Superior optic fissures: ??? (4) Foramen Rotundum: ??? (1) Foramen Ovale: ??? (1) Foramen Spinosum: ??? (1)
Optic Canals: Optic Nerves Superior optic fissures: Opthalmic, Trochlear, Abducens, and Occulomotor nerves Foramen Rotundum: Maxillary branches of Trigeminal (V) Foramen Ovale: Mandibular branches of the Trigeminal (V) Foramen Spinosum: Middle Meningeal Artery
My question: Origin, Innervation, Insertion, and Function of he Psoas Major?
Origin: Bodies of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of the Femur Innervation: Ventral rami of L1-L3 Function: Hip Flexion
My question: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, and Function of the Illiacus?
Origin: Illiac Fossa Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of the Femur Innervation: Femoral Nerve Function: Hip Flexion
My question: Cricothyroid muscles Origin: ??? Insertion: ??? Action: ??? Function: ??? Innervation: ???
Origin: anterior and lateral arch of cricoid Insertion: inferior border of the thyroid cartilage Action: anterior rotation at cricothyroid joint; rocks thyroid cartilage forward Function: stretches vocal cords and raises pitch of voice Innervation: External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
My question: Oblique arytenoid muscles Origin: ??? Insertion: ??? Action: ??? Function: ??? Innervation: ???
Origin: inferior posterior aspect of one arytenoid cartilage. Insertion: apex of other arytenoid cartilage. Action: approximates arytenoid cartilages (brings them together at the midline). [same as transverse] Function: closes off intercartilaginous part of rima glottidis. Important for swallowing, speaking, and coughing. [same as transverse] Innervation: inferior laryngeal nerve.
My question: Transverse Arytenoid muscle (only unpaired laryngeal muscle) Origin: ??? Insertion: ??? Action: ??? Function: ??? Innervation: ???
Origin: medial concavity of one arytenoid cartilage. Insertion: medial concavity of the other arytenoid cartilage. Action: approximates arytenoid cartilages (brings them together at the midline). Function: closes off intercartilaginous part of rima glottidis. Important for swallowing, speaking, and coughing. Innervation: inferior laryngeal nerve.
My question: Thyroarytenoid muscles Origin: ??? Insertion: ??? Action: ??? Function: ??? Innervation: ???
Origin: posterior (internal) surface of thyroid cartilage at the midline angle (where the lamina meet anteriorly). Insertion: anterolateral surface and vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages. Action: pulls arytenoid cartilages closer to thyroid cartilage. Function: slackens vocal cords (opposes action of cricothyroid muscle) and lowers pitch of voice. Innervation: inferior laryngeal nerve.
My question: Posterior Cricoarytenoid Origin: ??? Insertion: ??? Action: ??? Function: ??? Innervation: ???
Origin: posterior surface of cricoid cartilage. Insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage. Action: outward rotation of vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages. Function: abduction of vocal cords (open intermembranous part of rima glottidis). Open airway. Innervation: inferior laryngeal nerve.
My question: Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles Origin: ??? Insertion: ??? Action: ??? Function: ??? Innervation: ???
Origin: superior surface of arch of cricoid. Insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage. Action: inward rotation of vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages. Function: adduction of vocal cords (close intermembranous part of rima glottidis). Important for swallowing, speaking, and coughing Innervation: inferior laryngeal nerve.
My question: All of the following features are part of which region of the pharynx? 1. palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds (tonsillar pillars, fauces) surrounding the palatine tonsil. 2. prominence caused by the posterior aspect of the greater horn of the hyoid bone. 3. base of the tongue.
Oropharynx
My question: Which artery runs just above the posterior belly of the Digastric muscle and the external acoustic meatus to take up its position behind the pinna of the ear.
Posterior Auricular Artery
My question: The omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle is a subregion of the posterior cervical triangle. Match the boundaries with their appropriate structure Posteriosuperior:??? Anterosuperior:??? Inferior:??? Floor:???
Posteriosuperior: Inferior belly of Omohyoid m. Anterosuperior: Clavicular head of SCM Inferior: Clavicle Floor: Middle Scalene muscle and perhaps the Anterior Scalene m.
NELSON: Rank the direction of urine flow from proximal to distal. Renal pelvis:??? Renal Pyramid:??? Minor Calyx:??? Ureter:??? Major Calyx:???
Renal pelvis:4 Renal Pyramid: 1 Minor Calyx: 2 Ureter: 5 Major Calyx: 3
My question: Which is larger the left or right crus of the diaphragm?
Right Crus: L1-L3 (Left Crus: L1 and L2)
My question: Scrogg's mnemonic "SCALP" helps us understand the layers of the scalp from superficial to deep. What are they?
Skin Connective tissue (dense) Aponeurotic layer Loose connective tissue Pericranium
My question: Match the ganglion with its vertebral level. Superior cervical:??? Middle cervical:??? Inferior cervical (stellate):???
Superior cervical: C1-C2 Middle cervical: C6 Inferior cervical (stellate): C7
My question: The _________ ________ ________ of the Celiac trunk and the _________ ________ _______ of the Superior Mesenteric Artery branches are the only anastomosis between the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery.
Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries; Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
My question: The mnemonic "Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Med Students" helps us understand the branches of the External Carotid Artery from INFERIOR to SUPERIOR. What are the branches from inferior to superior?
Superior thyroid a. Ascending pharyngeal a. Lingual a. Facial a. Occipital a. Posterior auricular a. Maxillary a. Superficial temporal a.
My question: Fong's mnemonic "STAIn" ("STIn" for us) helps us understand the branches of the thyrocervical trunk from lateral to medial. What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk from lateral to medial? (NOTE: A stands for Ascending Cervical which we were told not to worry about but it is a branch of the inferior thyroid NOT the thyrocervical trunk)
Suprascapular artery Transverse Cervical artery Ascending Cervical (FYI) Inferior Thyroid
My question: During breathing both the intercartilagnious and intramembranous parts of the rima glottidis are open: The lateral cricoarytenoids are [relaxed/contracted] The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are [relaxed/contracted]. The transverse and oblique arytenoids are [relaxed/contracted]
The lateral cricoarytenoids are relaxed and the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are contracted. [abducts the vocal ligaments] The transverse and oblique arytenoids are relaxed [creating space between arytenoid cartilages]
My question: During talking, coughing, and swallowing, both the intercartilaginous and intermembranous parts of the rima glottis are closed: The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are [relaxed/contracted]. The lateral cricoarytenoids and the oblique, and transverse arytenoids are [relaxed/contracted].
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are relaxed. The lateral cricoarytenoids and the oblique, and transverse arytenoids are contracted.
My question: (T/F) Branches of the Gastroduodenal Artery Anastamose with branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery
True
My question: (T/F) Lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland is to nodes beside the trachea (paratracheal nodes) and to deep cervical nodes inferior to the omohyoid muscle along the internal jugular vein.
True
My question: (T/F) The 4th part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal
True
My question: (T/F) The Internal Jugular, in its lower portion, is found deep to the two heads (manubriam and clavicular) of the SCM.
True
My question: (T/F) The cranial anteior fossa is most superior, middle fossa is intermediate, and posterior fossa is the most inferior
True
My question: (T/F) Nutcracker Sydrome would cut off venous blood flow from the Left Kidney and Left Suprarenal (adrenal) gland.
True - Nutcracker syndrome is the occlusion of the left renal vein between the SMA and Aorta - If there was a similar occlusion of the right renal vein (it would have to include different structures bc the SMA and aorta is farther left) the adrenal gland could still send venous flow to the inferior vena cava bc the right suprarenal vein directly connects to it
My question: This artery ascends to the level of C6 where it enters the foramen transversarium. It ascends within the foramina to the level of C1, grooves the posterior arch of the Atlas, enters the foramen magnum, and becomes part of the Circle of Willis, at the base of the brain. Which artery is this?
Vertebral - 1st part of the subclavian
My question: The spider web-like filaments that project inward and attach to pia mater are called ________ _______.
arachnoid trabecula
My question: Aortic Aneurysms usually occur (proximal/distal) to renal arteries and (above/below) bifurcations
distal; above
My question: The blood from tissues of the pharynx drains into the pharyngeal venous plexus on its (internal/external) surface, which connects to venous systems in the area, including the pterygoid venous plexus, internal jugular, and facial veins.
external
My question: The common carotid branches into external and internal coratid arteries at the level of _______ bone
hyoid
My question: The ileum joins the cecum at the ________ junction. The cecum opens superiorly into the ________ colon
ileocecal junction; ascending colon
My question: As intestinal arterial branches reach the intestines, they form arches and loops with adjacent branches within the mesentery. These "arches and loops" are called arterial arcades and vasa recta. The arcades are more numerous for the (ileum/jejunum) and the mesentery of the (ileum/jejunum) usually contains more fat.
ileum
My question: The (inferior/superior) horns of the thyroid cartilage articulate with the lamina of the cricoid cartilage via a synovial joint (cricothyroid joint) which allows the thyroid cartilage to rock anteroposteriorly over the cricoid creating different pitches.
inferior
My question: The right/left recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend and end as _________ ________ nerves
inferior laryngeal nerves
My question: The ______ inlet is formed by the epiglottis anteriorly and the aryepiglottic folds posteriorly
laryngeal inlet
My question: The _______ __________ arteries divide into anterior and posterior divisions and spread out to supply the meningeal tissues.
middle meningeal arteries
My question: All three circular pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior) attach to the ______ _______ which attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone
pharyngeal raphe
My question: The external jugular veins are formed posterior to the angle of mandible as the ______ ______ vein and the ________ vein join
posterior auricular vein; retromandibular vein
My question: Infections in molar teeth and other areas in the oral cavity can spread to the ____________ space, and then pass to the thorax.
retropharyngeal
My question: Lymphatic drainage involves several retropharyngeal nodes, positioned superiorly and posteriorly in the ____________ space. These nodes and other tissues of the pharynx drain into the deep cervical nodes positioned along the internal jugular veins
retropharyngeal
My question: The _____________ space is posterior to the pharynx, bound by the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly, the prevertebral fascia posteriorly, and the carotid sheaths laterally. It extends superiorly to the base of the skull and inferiorly to the mediastinum.
retropharyngeal
My question: During the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, the __________ and ________ are involved in elevating and widening the pharynx.
salpingopharyngeus (nasopharynx) and palatopharyngeus (oropharynx)
My question: The subclavian (artery/vein) runs into the Scalene Triangle (posterior to the anterior scalene and anterior to the middle scalene)
subclavian artery - subclavian vein runs anterior to the anterior scalene
My question: The ___________ nerves are a group of cutaneous nerves from cervical nerves C3 and C4 that, after emerging from beneath the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, descend and supply the skin over the clavicle and shoulder as far inferiorly as rib II
supraclavicular nerves
My question: In the parasympathetic system, preganglionic neurons synapse in __________ located on the surface or within visceral walls.
terminal ganglia
My question: The _____ _______ nerve consists of branches from the cervical nerves C2 and C3, passes around the midpart of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and continues horizontally across the muscle to supply the lateral and anterior parts of the neck
transverse cervical nerve
My question: The middle colic artery enters the _______ ________ and forms right and left horizontal branches to supply the proximal 2/3rd of the ________ ______.
transverse mesocolon; transvers colon
My question: The quadrangular membrane spans from the epiglottic cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage. The inferior free margin of the quadrangular membrane transitions into the _________ ligament. Mucosa draped over the superior free margin of the quadrangular membrane (and a muscle called the aryepiglottic muscle) forms the __________ fold.
vestibular ligament; aryepiglottic fold
