Anatomy ch 12 Autonomic Nervous System
A beta1-adrenergic agonist a. increases heart rate. b. causes the release of acetylcholine. c. blocks the effects of norepinephrine at its receptor site. d. lowers blood pressure.
A
A patient has vagally induced bradycardia (slow heart rate). Which of the following will relieve the bradycardia? a. Muscarinic antagonist b. Beta1-adrenergic blocker c. Vagomimetic drug d. Alpha1-adrenergic agonist
A
Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, bronchodilation, diaphoresis, and pupillary dilation (mydriasis) are consequences of a. activation of the adrenergic receptors. b. anticholinergic effect. c. vagomimetic activity. d. alpha1 blockade.
A
Muscarinic activation is a. a consequence of vagal discharge. b. a response to the binding of NE to its adrenergic receptors. c. a fight-or-flight response. d. achieved by sympathetic discharge.
A
Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes relaxation of the breathing passages (bronchodilation). Which of the following drug classifications achieves this effect? a. Beta2-adrenergic agonist b. Alpha1-adrenergic blocker c. Vagomimetic d. Parasympathomimetic
A
Vagal discharge activates a. muscarinic receptors. b. alpha1-adrenergic receptors. c. beta1-adrenergic receptors. d. the paravertebral ganglia.
A
Vasomotor tone is a. a vasoconstrictor effect caused by background firing of the sympathetic nerves. b. a vagally induced peripheral vasodilation. c. caused by parasympathomimetic drugs. d. caused by sympatholytic drugs.
A
Which of the following is an effect of postganglionic parasympathetic discharge? a. Slowed heart rate b. Increased blood pressure c. Dilation of the pupil of the eye d. Stronger contraction of the heart
A
Which of the following is least related to the sympathetic nervous system? a. Vagomimetic effect b. Adrenergic fibers c. Alpha and beta receptors d. Paravertebral ganglia
A
Which of the following is not an effector organ for the autonomic nerves? a. Skeletal muscle b. Visceral smooth muscle c. Glands d. Cardiac muscle
A
A drug that causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is called a. parasympatholytic. b. sympathomimetic. c. sympatholytic. d. anticholinergic.
B
A preoperative patient received an antimuscarinic drug (atropine). Which drug-related postoperative consequence is this patient likely to experience? a. Decreased heart rate b. Difficult urination c. Elevated blood pressure d. Excess salivation
B
An anticholinergic or antimuscarinic effect a. causes miosis and bradycardia. b. is characterized by an increased heart rate and urinary retention. c. resembles a vagomimetic response. d. resembles a fight-or-flight response.
B
Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, thereby elevating blood pressure. Which of the following drug classifications lowers blood pressure? a. Vagolytic b. Sympatholytic c. Parasympathomimetic d. Vagomimetic
B
Which of the following is (are) most related to the muscarinic receptors? a. Paravertebral ganglia b. ACh c. Fight-or-flight response d. Adrenergic fibers
B
Which of the following is least associated with monoamine oxidase (MAO)? a. Enzyme that degrades norepinephrine b. Found within all cholinergic nerve terminals c. Associated with sympathetic activity d. Associated with adrenergic fibers
B
Which of the following is least descriptive of thoracolumbar outflow? a. Fight or flight b. Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors c. Sympathetic nervous system d. Paravertebral ganglia
B
Which of the following is true of AChase, MAO, and COMT? a. Terminate adrenergic receptor activation b. Are enzymes that degrade neurotransmitters c. Are adrenergic neurotransmitters d. Are neurotransmitters that activate nicotinic receptors
B
Which of the following is true of the preganglionic fibers of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? Both a. are adrenergic. b. secrete ACh. c. synapse at the paravertebral ganglia. d. are targets of beta blockers.
B
1. Which of the following is most related to the "feed-and-breed" system? a. Pyramidal tracts b. Sympathetic nervous system c. Craniosacral outflow d. Rapid heart rate, palpitations, sweating
C
A vagolytic effect a. is a fight-or-flight response. b. is achieved by beta blockade. c. increases heart rate. d. refers to muscarinic activation.
C
Atropine is classified as a muscarinic antagonist or blocker and therefore is a. parasympathomimetic. b. sympatholytic. c. vagolytic. d. sympathomimetic.
C
Beta adrenergic blockade a. dilates the respiratory bronchioles and therefore relieves the symptoms of asthma. b. is apt to induce tachycardia. c. decreases heart rate but also causes bronchoconstriction. d. mimics sympathetic outflow.
C
Muscarinic receptors are associated with a. paravertebral ganglia. b. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. c. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. d. all fibers that secrete ACh.
C
The effects of adrenal medullary secretion most resemble a. craniosacral outflow. b. firing of the somatic motor neurons. c. sympathetic nerve discharge. d. vagal discharge.
C
What is another term for thoracolumbar outflow? a. Vagal discharge b. Parasympathetic nervous system c. Sympathetic nervous system d. Limbic system
C
Which neurotransmitter is secreted by a cholinergic fiber? a. Adrenaline b. Epinephrine c. Acetylcholine d. Norepinephrine
C
Which of the following is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system? a. Craniosacral outflow b. Cholinergic fibers only c. Paravertebral ganglia d. Postganglionic transmitter is ACh
C
Which of the following is descriptive of a panic attack? a. Muscarinic activation b. Vagomimetic c. Fight or flight d. All of the above
C
Which of the following is least true of the vagus nerve? a. Cholinergic b. Slows heart rate c. Effect on the heart is eliminated by a beta1-adrenergic blocker d. Transmitter is ACh
C
Which of the following is most descriptive of dual innervation of the autonomic nervous system? a. Muscarinic and nicotinic b. Alpha and beta c. Sympathetic and parasympathetic d. Beta1 and beta2
C
Which of the following is most related to the postganglionic sympathetics? a. Muscarinic receptors b. ACh c. Alpha and beta receptor activation d. Craniosacral outflow
C
Alpha and beta receptors are a. associated with the parasympathetic nervous system. b. associated with craniosacral outflow. c. located on the paravertebral ganglia. d. activated by norepinephrine.
D
An adrenergic fiber is one that a. innervates the adrenal medulla. b. is a preganglionic fiber. c. originates in the midbrain. d. secretes norepinephrine as its transmitter.
D
Muscarinic receptors are a. activated by norepinephrine. b. located on the effector organs of the sympathetic nervous system. c. activated by catecholamines such as adrenalin and dopamine. d. activated by ACh.
D
Paravertebral ganglia a. are part of the craniosacral outflow. b. "drive" the vagus nerve. c. are located within the organs of innervation. d. are also called the sympathetic chain ganglia.
D
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves a. are somatic motor neurons. b. supply voluntary skeletal muscles. c. include the phrenic, sciatic, and brachial nerves. d. innervate the viscera.
D
Thoracolumbar outflow is described as a. fight or flight. b. vagomimetic. c. sympathomimetic. d. More than one of the above are true.
D
Which group is incorrect? a. Adrenergic receptors: alpha, beta b. Cholinergic receptors: muscarinic, nicotinic c. Neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, ACh, dopamine d. Sympathetic responses: decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, anxiety
D
Which of the following is an adrenergic fiber? a. Postganglionic parasympathetic b. Preganglionic sympathetic c. Preganglionic parasympathetic d. Postganglionic sympathetic
D
Which of the following is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system? a. Fight-or-flight response b. Thoracolumbar c. Paravertebral ganglia d. Postganglionic fiber is cholinergic
D
Which of the following is most characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system? a. Adrenergic b. Norepinephrine c. Fight-or-flight response d. Feed-and-breed system
D