Anatomy Ch 9
Nonsteroid hormones act upon their target cells by causing:
ATP to become cyclic AMP
Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are hyperglycemic hormones.
True
Hypersecretion of the sex hormones may lead to masculinization in both men and women.
True
Melatonin produces peaks during the night to help regulate the body's day-night cycle.
True
Mineralocorticoids help regulate both water and electrolyte balance in body fluids.
True
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary through the blood of the portal circulation.
True
The adrenal glands are similar to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue.
True
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
True
Thyroid hormone is actually two iodine-containing hormones called T3 and T4.
True
Vasopressin is another name for antidiuretic hormone.
True
Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended (as an adult) is called:
acromegaly
Promotes water retention by the kidneys:
antidiuretic hormone
Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called:
beta cells
What is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones?
body coordination
Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following except:
catalyze cyclic AMP
What is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?
cellular mutations occur
Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to:
cretinism
the "fight-or-flight response triggers the release of:
epinephrine
What is a primary effect on the reproductive organs?
follicle-stimulating hormone
Insulin works as an antagonist to:
glucagon
Cortisone and cortisol and types of _________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.
glucocorticoids
What is produced by the adrenal cortex?
glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, aldosterone, and sex hormone
An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called:
goiter
Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome:
high blood pressure, water retention, moon face, buffalo hump
A person with an abnormally high metabolic rate, who is underweight, and has protruding eyes is exhibiting symptoms of:
hyperthyroidism
Reduces blood glucose levels:
insulin
The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is:
iodine
The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is:
melatonin
Negative feedback mechanisms regulate:
most hormones
Stimulates contraction of the uterus:
oxytocin
What is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
oxytocin
Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.
parafollicular cells
Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the:
parathyroid glands
Raises blood calcium levels:
parathyroid hormone
The hypothalamus is most closely associated with the:
pituitary gland
The cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus are _______, ________, and ________.
polyphasia, polydispia, polyuria
Promotes growth of uterine lining:
progesterone
Stimulates milk production:
prolactin
Growth hormone:
promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles
Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause kidney tubules to:
reabsorb sodium
Glucocorticoids do all of the following except:
regulate salt content of the blood
The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called:
renin
Tropic hormones:
stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
Programs T lymphocytes:
thymosin
The body's major metabolic hormone is called:
thyroid hormone
Exocrine glands are considered ductless glands because they release their hormones into the blood or lymph.
False
The endocrine system is generally faster than the nervous system in coordinating the activities of body cells.
False
The thymus gland is located in the neck wrapped around the trachea.
False
