Anatomy Ch 9

Nonsteroid hormones act upon their target cells by causing:

ATP to become cyclic AMP

Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are hyperglycemic hormones.

True

Hypersecretion of the sex hormones may lead to masculinization in both men and women.

True

Melatonin produces peaks during the night to help regulate the body's day-night cycle.

True

Mineralocorticoids help regulate both water and electrolyte balance in body fluids.

True

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary through the blood of the portal circulation.

True

The adrenal glands are similar to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue.

True

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

True

Thyroid hormone is actually two iodine-containing hormones called T3 and T4.

True

Vasopressin is another name for antidiuretic hormone.

True

Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended (as an adult) is called:

acromegaly

Promotes water retention by the kidneys:

antidiuretic hormone

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called:

beta cells

What is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones?

body coordination

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following except:

catalyze cyclic AMP

What is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?

cellular mutations occur

Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to:

cretinism

the "fight-or-flight response triggers the release of:

epinephrine

What is a primary effect on the reproductive organs?

follicle-stimulating hormone

Insulin works as an antagonist to:

glucagon

Cortisone and cortisol and types of _________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.

glucocorticoids

What is produced by the adrenal cortex?

glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, aldosterone, and sex hormone

An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called:

goiter

Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome:

high blood pressure, water retention, moon face, buffalo hump

A person with an abnormally high metabolic rate, who is underweight, and has protruding eyes is exhibiting symptoms of:

hyperthyroidism

Reduces blood glucose levels:

insulin

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is:

iodine

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is:

melatonin

Negative feedback mechanisms regulate:

most hormones

Stimulates contraction of the uterus:

oxytocin

What is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

oxytocin

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.

parafollicular cells

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the:

parathyroid glands

Raises blood calcium levels:

parathyroid hormone

The hypothalamus is most closely associated with the:

pituitary gland

The cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus are _______, ________, and ________.

polyphasia, polydispia, polyuria

Promotes growth of uterine lining:

progesterone

Stimulates milk production:

prolactin

Growth hormone:

promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause kidney tubules to:

reabsorb sodium

Glucocorticoids do all of the following except:

regulate salt content of the blood

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called:

renin

Tropic hormones:

stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

Programs T lymphocytes:

thymosin

The body's major metabolic hormone is called:

thyroid hormone

Exocrine glands are considered ductless glands because they release their hormones into the blood or lymph.

False

The endocrine system is generally faster than the nervous system in coordinating the activities of body cells.

False

The thymus gland is located in the neck wrapped around the trachea.

False