Anatomy Chapter 1: Review Questions

what is ultrasonography?

a procedure that utilizes high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures of the body

a structure, molecule, or cell that detects a stimulus is called

a receptor

a structure to the front of another is _______ to it

anterior

the sternum is ______ to the heart

anterior

in humans, respiration or breathing depends on _____ pressure, and blood pressure is a form of ______ pressure

atmospheric hydrostatic

paired structures with one located on each side of the midline are described as being______

bilateral

name the fluid that transports oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive organs to all body cells

blood

a person who lives more than 100 years is referred to as a

centenarian

two different structures located on the opposite sides of the body are described as being _________ to each other

contralateral

a structure that is more internal than another is described as being

deep

a _____ is a molecule, cell, or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus

effector

four organs that are located within the mediastinum

esophagus, thymus, trachea, heart

a lengthwise cut that separates the body into anterior and posterior portions is called a ______ plane

frontal plane

what is a product of metabolic reactions that also helps govern the rates of these reactions?

heat

the extracellular fluid found within tissue and outside a blood vessels is called _____, or tissue fluid

interstitial fluid

two structures located on the same side of the body are described as being _______ to each other

ipsilateral

the left eye is _____ to the bridge of the bose

lateral

the left eye is ______ to the bridge of the nose

lateral

a sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into ______ and _______ portions

left;right

the cells of the lymphatic system, called __________, are white blood cells that help fight pathogens to prevent infection

lymphocytes

the vertebral column is _____ to the scalpula

medial

body movement and the production of body heat are functions of the _______ system

muscular

for the body to act as a unit, its parts must be integrated and coordinated. what two organ systems help to maintain homeostasis by regulating and adjusting various organ functions?

nervous and endocrine

when considering the organ systems that regulate body functions, a short-term effect is the role of the _____ system and a long-term effect is the role of the ______ system

nervous, endocrine

chemical signals that allow cells of the nervous system to communicate with each other and with muscles and glands are called

neurotransmitters

chemical signals that allow cells of the nervous system to communicate with each other and with muscles and glands are called ________

neurotransmitters

the blood glucose level of a healthy individual is called the _______; the limits between which variations in blood glucose occur among healthy individuals of a population is called the ____

normal value; normal range

the branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy and childbirth is called

obstetrics

in a membrane of the thoracic or abdominopelvic cavities, the ______ layers lines the cavity wall and the ________ layers cover the surface of the internal organs

parietal; visceral

the potential space between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium is the ________ cavity

pericardial cavity

the parietal pericardium lines the ________cavity and the visceral pericardium covers the surface of the ______

pericardial; heart

The wrist is _______ to the fingers

proximal

serous membranes function to

reduce friction

the heart is ______ to the abdomen

superior

identify a characteristic of a negative feedback loop

the response to the deviation from set point is in the opposite direction relative to the initial change