Anatomy Chapter 5

Accessory structures

hair, nails, exocrine glands (sebaceous & sweat glands), sensory receptors, arrestor pili muscles

Dermis

middle layer of skin, two layers 1. Papillary Layer, areolar connective tissue 2. Reticular Layer, dense irregular connective tissue

Sebaceous glands

oil glands

Epidermis

outer layer of skin composed of stratified squamous epithelium,

Vellus Hair

peach fuzz, smaller, shorter, delicate ex:general body surface

Burns threaten homeostatic functions of skin

1. Fluid and Electrolyte balance 2. Thermoregulation 3. Protection from infection 4. Sepsis (rotting)

Cells of the Epidermis

1. Keratinocytes- make keratin 2. Melanocytes- pigement melanin 3. Dendritic cells- eat/ turn on immune system 4. Tactile Cells- touch receptors

Functions of integumentary system

1. Protection 2. Body Temperature Regulation 3. Cutaneous Sensation 4. Metabolic Functions 5. Blood Reservoir 6. Excretion

Five layers of the epidermis

1. Stratum Corneum, 2.Stratum Lucidum, 3.Stratum Granulosum, 4.Stratum Spinosum, 5.Stratum Basale

Melanin

A pigment that gives the skin its color, Brown, yellow-brown, or black pigment,

Albinism

Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, can't produce melanin

Hypodermis

Aso called a subcutaneous layer, this is a layer of *fat located under the dermis of the skin. The hypodermis helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and other structures. NOT PART OF INTEGUMENT

Dandruff is caused by excessive shedding of cells from the outer layers of the scalp. Thus, dandruff is composed of cells from which epidermal layer?

Stratum Corneum

A splinter that penetrates to the third layer of the epidermis of the palm is lodged in which layer?

Stratum Granulosum

Sweat Glands

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin.

Cutaneous membrane

The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers

Carotene

Yellow to orange pigment that accumulates in the stratum corneum epidermal layer and in fatty tissue of the hypodermis

Tough Topic: Module 5.11 Part C - The Primary Effects of Calcitriol on the Body What are the primary effects of calcitriol on the body? Check all that apply. a) Increase blood concentration of calcium b) Decrease blood concentration of phosphorus c) Increase blood concentration of phosphorus d) Decrease blood concentration of calcium

a) Increase blood concentration of calcium & c) Increase blood concentration of phosphorus

Reading Quiz - Chapter 5 Question 7 Several hours after an injury to the skin and a scab has formed, cells from which integumentary layer undergo rapid divisions and begin to migrate along the edge of the wound? a) cells of the stratum basale of the epidermis b) papillary layer of the dermis c) cells of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis d) reticular layer of the dermis

a) cells of the stratum basale of the epidermis

Reading Quiz - Chapter 5 Question 3 Patterns established by these fibers determine the lines of cleavage. a) collagen and elastic fibers b) elastic and reticular fibers c) reticular and collagen fibers d) papillary plexus

a) collagen and elastic fibers

Reading Quiz - Chapter 5 Question 4 All of the following are true of the dermis, except __________. a) the hypodermis is part of the dermis b) The reticular layer of the dermis lies deep to the papillary layer. c) the reticular layer of the dermis is dense, irregular fibrous connective tissue d) the papillary layer underlies the epidermis

a) the hypodermis is part of the dermis

Chapter Test - Chapter 5 Question 5 In dark-skinned individuals, __________. a) the melanosomes are larger b) carotene contributes most to skin color c) melanosome transfer occurs in the stratum spinosum only d) the number of melanocytes in the skin is greater

a) the melanosomes are larger

Reading Quiz - Chapter 5 Question 9 With aging, hair turns gray or white due to which of the following causes? a) decreased hormone levels b) decreased melanocyte activity c) reduction in dendritic cells d) constriction of dermal blood vessels

b) decreased melanocyte activity

Chapter Test - Chapter 5 Question 19 Immediately after an initial injury to the skin, bleeding and ______ occur. a) keloid formation b) mast cell activation c) granulation tissue formation d) increased fibroblast activity

b) mast cell activation

Tough Topic: Module 5.11 Part A - Response of the Skin to Sunlight What is the initial response of the skin to being exposed to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight? a) Epidermal cells produce calcitriol. b) Epidermal cells produce cholesterol. c) Epidermal cells produce cholecalciferol. d) Blood vessels in the dermis absorb Ca2+.

c) Epidermal cells produce cholecalciferol.

Chapter Test - Chapter 5 Question 13 What is the composition of the nail body? a) a secretion of the epidermal cells that hardens on the surface b) nonkeratinized epidermal cells c) dead, tightly compressed epidermal cells packed with keratin d) living, tightly compressed epidermal cells packed with keratin

c) dead, tightly compressed epidermal cells packed with keratin

Chapter Test - Chapter 5 Question 12 The most populous sweat glands are of which glandular type? a) ceruminous b) holocrine c) merocrine d) apocrine

c) merocrine

lines of cleavage

cuts made parallel to cleavage lines HEAL better

Tough Topic: Module 5.11 Part B - The Response of the Body to Calcitriol According to the textbook, which of the following organs is stimulated by calcitriol? a) Kidney b) Epidermis of the skin c) Liver d) Small intestine

d) Small intestine

Chapter Test - Chapter 5 Question 16 These hormones, which can be released during times of stress, loosen the connections between keratinocytes. a) growth hormones b) sex hormones c) thyroid hormones d) glucocorticoids

d) glucocorticoids

Terminal Hairs

long, coarse, heavily pigmented hairs ex: scalp and arm pit