Anatomy Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue

fibers embedded in a firm gel

cartilage

connect lacunae

canaliculi

our astronauts must do isometric exercises when in space because bone atrophy under conditions of weightlessness or lack of ______

Gravity

the hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that removes calcium from and puts it into blood is ____?

PTH

tiny canal that transport nutrient to the osteocytes are called ______?

canaliculi

found on the out suface of the epiphysis

articular cartilage

the thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the ___________ ___________

articular cartilage

the thin layer of hyaline cartilage at the outer surface of the end of a bone

articular cartilage

Tissue such as that caused by paralysis or severe lack of exercise results in muscle and bone _______

atrophy

all the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage are considered together as the?

axial skeleton

______ causes blood calcium to be deposited in bones as calcium salts

calcitonin

the hormone secrete by the thyroid gland that remove calcium ions from the blood and deposited in bone is ____?

calcitonin

the destruction and remodeling of bone provides the body with ions such as phosphate ions and ___?

calcium

bones serve as a safety-deposit box for _______ ____ a vital substance required for

calcium ions

cartilage cells

chondrocytes

nonsurgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone

closed reduction

dense bone tissue

compact

dense har type of bone

compact bone

a fracture in which bone ends penetrate through the skin surface

compound fracture

a fracture in which the bone is crushed, common in the vertebral column

compression fracture

scientific name for bone shaft

diaphysis

site of compact bone in the adult

diaphysis

hollow center of the shaft of the bone

endosteum

inner lining of the medullary cavity of a long bone

endosteum

the ______ line the medullar cavity of long bones

endosteum

the two ends of a long bone are known as ____?

epiphyes

band of hyaline cartilage at ends of long bone, longitudinal bone growth occurs here

epiphyseal disc/line

site of longitudinal growth in a child

epiphyseal plate

the long bone continues to lengthen at a zone of cartilages known as the ___?

epiphyseal plate

site of spongy bone in the adult

epiphysis

the skull bones and ribs and bones of the pelvis are types of bones classified as?

flat bone

what type of bone is the parietal (skull bone)?

flat bone

a break common in children, bone splinters, but break is incomplete

greenstick fracture

central canal is also called?

haversian canal

microscopic unit of compact bone also called an osteon

haversian system

structural unit of compact bone

haversian system

___________ is the process of blood cell formation

hematopoiesis

bones serve to support the body, protect the organs, store calcium and serve as sites of ____?

hematopoiesis

what type of bone is the vertebra?

irregular

the microscopic spaces that contain the osteocytes of bone are the ____?

lacunae

ring of bone

lamellae

the matrix is laid down in concentric layers are know as ____?

lamellae

what type of bone is the humerus?

long

what type of bone is the phalanx (phalanges)?

long

the _________ _______ is the hollow are inside the diaphysis of a bone

medullar cavity

as muscles contract and shorten, they pull on bones and thereby ______ them

move

surgical realignment of borken bone ends

open reduction

Bone formation takes place by a process of ___?

ossification

immature, or matrix-depositing, bone cells are referred to as ______

osteoblasts

the cell that secrete that matrix of the bones are call ______?

osteoblasts

bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium to the blood are called ______

osteoclasts

bone is remodeled and dissolved by substances secreted by bone destroying cell referred to as ___?

osteoclasts

mature bone cell

osteocyte

Mature bone cells, called _____ maintain bone in a viable state

osteocytes

bone cells

osteocytes

when blood calcium levels begin to drop below homeostatic levels ________ is released, causing calcium to be released from bones

parathyroid hormone

outer covering of bone

periosteum

the ______ is the strong fibrous membrane that covers long bones everywhere except at joint surfaces

periosteum

tough outer ct covering the diaphysis of a long bone

periosteum

where it lacks a cartilage cover, the long bone is covered with a connective tissue membrane known as the___?

periosteum

osteoporosis occurs most frequently in ________ _____ _____

post menopausal setimentary indi?

blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in ____ ______ ________

red bone marrow

site of hematopoiesis in the adult

red marrow

what type of bone is the calcaneus (tarsal bone)

short

what type of bone is the rib?

short

bone is borken cleanly; the end do not penetrate the skin

simple fracture

a result of twisting forces

spiral fracture

ends of long bones

spongy

the interior portion of the epiphysis of the bone consists of?

spongy

large tubercles and/or increased deposit of bony matrix occur at sites of _______

stress and/or tension

bony plates found in spongy bone

trabeculae

needle-like threads of spongy bone

trabeculae

spongy bones contains networks of bony plates and rods known as___?

trabeculae

the marrow cavity in the bones of a child is usually red, but in adults it appears as ___?

yellow

site of fat storage in the adult

yellow marrow cavity