Anatomy Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue
fibers embedded in a firm gel
cartilage
connect lacunae
canaliculi
our astronauts must do isometric exercises when in space because bone atrophy under conditions of weightlessness or lack of ______
Gravity
the hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that removes calcium from and puts it into blood is ____?
PTH
tiny canal that transport nutrient to the osteocytes are called ______?
canaliculi
found on the out suface of the epiphysis
articular cartilage
the thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the ___________ ___________
articular cartilage
the thin layer of hyaline cartilage at the outer surface of the end of a bone
articular cartilage
Tissue such as that caused by paralysis or severe lack of exercise results in muscle and bone _______
atrophy
all the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage are considered together as the?
axial skeleton
______ causes blood calcium to be deposited in bones as calcium salts
calcitonin
the hormone secrete by the thyroid gland that remove calcium ions from the blood and deposited in bone is ____?
calcitonin
the destruction and remodeling of bone provides the body with ions such as phosphate ions and ___?
calcium
bones serve as a safety-deposit box for _______ ____ a vital substance required for
calcium ions
cartilage cells
chondrocytes
nonsurgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone
closed reduction
dense bone tissue
compact
dense har type of bone
compact bone
a fracture in which bone ends penetrate through the skin surface
compound fracture
a fracture in which the bone is crushed, common in the vertebral column
compression fracture
scientific name for bone shaft
diaphysis
site of compact bone in the adult
diaphysis
hollow center of the shaft of the bone
endosteum
inner lining of the medullary cavity of a long bone
endosteum
the ______ line the medullar cavity of long bones
endosteum
the two ends of a long bone are known as ____?
epiphyes
band of hyaline cartilage at ends of long bone, longitudinal bone growth occurs here
epiphyseal disc/line
site of longitudinal growth in a child
epiphyseal plate
the long bone continues to lengthen at a zone of cartilages known as the ___?
epiphyseal plate
site of spongy bone in the adult
epiphysis
the skull bones and ribs and bones of the pelvis are types of bones classified as?
flat bone
what type of bone is the parietal (skull bone)?
flat bone
a break common in children, bone splinters, but break is incomplete
greenstick fracture
central canal is also called?
haversian canal
microscopic unit of compact bone also called an osteon
haversian system
structural unit of compact bone
haversian system
___________ is the process of blood cell formation
hematopoiesis
bones serve to support the body, protect the organs, store calcium and serve as sites of ____?
hematopoiesis
what type of bone is the vertebra?
irregular
the microscopic spaces that contain the osteocytes of bone are the ____?
lacunae
ring of bone
lamellae
the matrix is laid down in concentric layers are know as ____?
lamellae
what type of bone is the humerus?
long
what type of bone is the phalanx (phalanges)?
long
the _________ _______ is the hollow are inside the diaphysis of a bone
medullar cavity
as muscles contract and shorten, they pull on bones and thereby ______ them
move
surgical realignment of borken bone ends
open reduction
Bone formation takes place by a process of ___?
ossification
immature, or matrix-depositing, bone cells are referred to as ______
osteoblasts
the cell that secrete that matrix of the bones are call ______?
osteoblasts
bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium to the blood are called ______
osteoclasts
bone is remodeled and dissolved by substances secreted by bone destroying cell referred to as ___?
osteoclasts
mature bone cell
osteocyte
Mature bone cells, called _____ maintain bone in a viable state
osteocytes
bone cells
osteocytes
when blood calcium levels begin to drop below homeostatic levels ________ is released, causing calcium to be released from bones
parathyroid hormone
outer covering of bone
periosteum
the ______ is the strong fibrous membrane that covers long bones everywhere except at joint surfaces
periosteum
tough outer ct covering the diaphysis of a long bone
periosteum
where it lacks a cartilage cover, the long bone is covered with a connective tissue membrane known as the___?
periosteum
osteoporosis occurs most frequently in ________ _____ _____
post menopausal setimentary indi?
blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in ____ ______ ________
red bone marrow
site of hematopoiesis in the adult
red marrow
what type of bone is the calcaneus (tarsal bone)
short
what type of bone is the rib?
short
bone is borken cleanly; the end do not penetrate the skin
simple fracture
a result of twisting forces
spiral fracture
ends of long bones
spongy
the interior portion of the epiphysis of the bone consists of?
spongy
large tubercles and/or increased deposit of bony matrix occur at sites of _______
stress and/or tension
bony plates found in spongy bone
trabeculae
needle-like threads of spongy bone
trabeculae
spongy bones contains networks of bony plates and rods known as___?
trabeculae
the marrow cavity in the bones of a child is usually red, but in adults it appears as ___?
yellow
site of fat storage in the adult
yellow marrow cavity
