Anatomy Exam 3 Material

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Match the following term relating to a lever system with its appropriate anatomical part: Load. Biceps brachii Elbow joint Radius Distal end of forearm, hand

Distal end of forearm, hand

Match the following term relating to a lever with its appropriate description or example: Second-class lever. Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between None of the choices is correct. Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum

Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them

Match the following term relating to a lever with its appropriate description or example: Third-class lever. -Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between -Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum -Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them -None of the choices is correct.

Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum

Match the following term relating to a lever with its appropriate description or example: First-class lever. -Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between -None of the choices is correct. -Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum -Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them

Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between.

Match the following term relating to a lever system with its appropriate anatomical part: Fulcrum. Biceps brachii Radius Distal end of forearm, hand Elbow joint

Elbow joint

Which muscle functions in extensions of the digits of the hand? Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Pronator teres

Extensor digitorum

A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint will always cause extension. T / F

False

A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever. T / F

False

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same. T / F

False

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage. T / F

False

The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction. T / F

False

The soleus is an antagonist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion. T / F

False

Match the action on the ankle/foot with its appropriate muscle: Plantar flexes and everts the foot. Gastrocnemius Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis Tibialis anterior Soleus

Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis

Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct? Synergists help agonists. Agonists are the prime movers for an action. Antagonists counter the action of a prime mover. Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur.

Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur.

A muscle that originates on the posterior surface of the ischium and inserts on the posterior surface of the tibia will: Flex the thigh and extend the leg. Flex the leg and extend the thigh. Flex the thigh at the hip. Extend the leg at the knee. Extend the thigh at the hip. Flex the leg at the knee.

Flex the leg and extend the thigh.

Which of the following adducts the hand? Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Select the muscle that is named for its size. Deltoid Gluteus maximus Sternocleidomastoid Temporalis Transversus abdominis

Gluteus maximus

Match the thigh/leg movement with its appropriate muscle name: Adducts thigh, and flexes and medially rotates leg. Gluteus maximus Gracilis Sartorius Quadratus femoris

Gracilis

The ___ is an antagonist of the deltoid for arm abduction.

Teres Major

The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus. infraspinatus supraspinatus teres major teres minor

Teres major

Match the following term relating to a lever system with its correct function or description: Effort. A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point The resistance The fixed point upon which a lever moves The applied force

The applied force.

Mrs. Tanner's difficulty flexing her leg at the knee is most likely due to problems with: The biceps femoris. The biceps brachii. The quadriceps femoris. The gastrocnemius.

The biceps femoris.

What is the major factor controlling how levers work? -the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum -the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever -the direction the load is being moved -the weight of the load

The difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum.

Match the following term relating to a lever system with its correct function or description: Fulcrum. The applied force The fixed point upon which a lever moves A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point The resistance

The fixed point upon which a lever moves.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? -The hamstrings cross the hip and knee joints. -The medial hamstrings promote medial knee (leg) rotation. -The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh. -The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion.

The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion.

A muscle that assists the muscle primarily responsible for a given action is __________. a prime mover an antagonist an agonist a synergist

a synergist

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts? a prime mover a synergist an antagonist an agonist

a synergist

The lateral rotators act on the __________. lumbar vertebrae sacrum femur os coxae

femur

Eversion of the foot is a function of the __________. tibialis anterior fibularis longus extensor hallucis extensor digitorum

fibularis longus

Both heads of the biceps femoris muscle __________. flex the hip extend the hip extend the leg at the knee flex the leg at the knee

flex the leg at the knee

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________. flexion adduction abduction extension

flexion

The brachioradialis is a strong forearm __________. flexor extensor supinator pronator

flexor

Wrist abduction occurs through the actions of __________ muscles. five three four two

four

This muscle allows you to stand on tiptoe when the knee is extended, and it flexes the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed. gastrocnemius fibularis longus and brevis acting together fibularis longus soleus

gastrocnemius

The prime mover of hip extension is the __________. pectineus gracilis gluteus maximus adductor magnus

gluteus maximus

Which of the following muscles is named for its size? gluteus maximus deltoid sternocleidomastoid trapezius

gluteus maximus

Like the deltoid muscle that lies over and abducts the shoulder, these two muscles lie over the hip and are prime movers of hip abduction. Neither muscle extends the hip. gluteus maximus and gluteus medius gluteus minimus and gluteus maximus gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris gracilis

gracilis

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee? hamstring muscles gluteal muscles brachioradialis soleus

hamstring muscles

Commonly referred to as the ________, this muscle group on the posterior thigh extends the hip. quadriceps femoris hamstrings tensor fasciae latae gluteus medius

hamstrings

The quadriceps are the prime movers of knee extension. Which muscle group is an antagonist to knee extension? gluteus maximus tibialis anterior soleus hamstrings

hamstrings

The prime mover for flexion of the thigh is the __________ muscle. iliopsoas quadratus lumborum sartorius gluteus maximus

iliopsoas

This deep muscle flexes the trunk on the thigh. adductor longus iliopsoas erector spinae splenius group

iliopsoas

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh? biceps femoris soleus vastus medialis iliopsoas and rectus femoris

iliopsoas and rectus femoris

The iliacus and the psoas major muscles are collectively known as the ____________ muscle because they share a common insertion on the __________ of the femur. iliopsoas; greater trochanter psoasiliacus; lesser trochanter psoasiliacus; greater trochanter iliopsoas; lesser trochanter

iliopsoas; lesser trochanter

The majority of the fibers of the gluteus maximus insert onto the __________. iliotibial tract gluteal tuberosity inferior border of the os coxae superior border of the os coxae

iliotibial tract

The origin of the long head of the triceps brachii is on the __________. anterior shaft of the humerus olecranon process of the ulna infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula posterior shaft of the humerus

infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

The external intercostal muscles are used primarily in __________. exhalation chewing inhalation swallowing

inhalation

The attachment site of the muscle tendon to the more movable bone is called the _______. belly origin distal end proximal end insertion

insertion

The flexor hallucis longus muscle originates on the __________. interosseous membrane femur distal phalanges of digits 2-5 medial cuneiform

interosseous membrane

All fibers of the pectoralis major muscle converge on the lateral edge of the__________. greater tuberosity radial tuberosity deltoid tuberosity intertubercular sulcus

intertubercular sulcus

The actions of the muscles that cross the hip do not include __________. extension medial rotation flexion inversion

inversion

A prime mover (agonist) ________. aids the action of the muscle primarily responsible for the movement opposes or reverses a movement is primarily responsible for a movement immobilizes the origin of the prime mover

is primarily responsible for a movement

The hamstring muscles originate on the __________. ischial tuberosity medial surface of the tibia lesser trochanter of the femur medial surface of the fibula

ischial tuberosity

The long head of the biceps femoris muscle originates on the __________. iliac crest ischial tuberosity posterior superior iliac spine anterior superior iliac spine

ischial tuberosity

The deltoid is a muscle named according to __________. the number of its origins its shape the direction of its fibers its location

its shape

The rectus femoris muscle extends the leg at the __________. ankle elbow hip knee

knee

The trapezius muscle may be separated into all of the following groups, except __________. lateral middle inferior superior

lateral

The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the __________. patellar surface and anterior surface of the femur lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur patellar surface and posterior surface of the femur medial condyle and posterior surface of the femur

lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur

The actions of the rhomboid major on the scapula do not include __________. medial rotation lateral rotation adduction elevation

lateral rotation

The ___ and deltoid posterior fibers are prime movers of arm extension.

latissimus dorsi

The posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the __________. trapezius brachioradialis pectoralis major latissimus dorsi

latissimus dorsi

Which muscle is the large muscle that wraps around the lower back? deltoid latissimus dorsi coracobrachialis pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

Both the Psoas major muscle and iliacus muscle insert on the __________. lesser trochanter of the femur linea alba of the femur intertrochanteric crest greater trochanter of the femur

lesser trochanter of the femur

Which muscle elevates the scapula? pectoralis minor rhomboid major serratus anterior levator scapulae

levator scapulae

The four muscles that comprise the posterior group of the pectoral girdle are the __________. levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, and pectoralis major rhomboideus minor, teres minor, trapezius, and levator scapulae levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, and trapezius pectoralis minor, rhomboideus major, levator scapulae, and trapezius

levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, and trapezius

Which movement is not associated with the scapula? elevation opposition protraction depression

opposition

The ___ crosses the anterior side of the shoulder joint and is the prime mover of arm flexion.

pectoralis major

The ___________ is a prime mover of arm flexion. latissimus dorsi deltoid quadriceps femoris pectoralis major

pectoralis major

The latissimus dorsi is an antagonist of the ___ for arm flexion.

pectoralis major

Which of the following is incorrectly paired? trapezius; scapula rotation latissimus dorsi; medial arm rotation pectoralis major; arm abduction deltoid; arm flexion

pectoralis major; arm abduction

The extensor digitorum muscle is an example of a __________ muscle. fusiform muscle convergent circular pennate

pennate

The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the __________. superior gluteal nerve inferior gluteal nerve superior coxial nerve inferior coxial nerve

superior gluteal nerve

All of the following muscles are involved with adduction of the shoulder EXCEPT . pectoralis major teres major coracobrachialis supraspinatus

supraspinatus

The posterior scapular muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the __________. teres minor pectoralis major latissimus dorsi teres major

teres major

Which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle? subscapularis teres major infraspinatus supraspinatus

teres major

Which muscle causes lateral rotation of the shoulder? teres minor teres major subscapularis pectoralis major

teres minor

Which joint is considered the most flexible joint in the body? the shoulder joint the wrist joint the elbow joint the hip joint

the shoulder joint

The origins of the levator scapula are from the ___________ of four cervical vertebrae. transverse processes spinous processes bodies fascia

transverse processes

Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action, except __________. extensor pronator trapezius adductor flexor

trapezius

The shape of this muscle gives it its name. brachialis scalenes trapezius vastus lateralis

trapezius

What is the large diamond-shaped muscle of the upper back? levator scapulae pectoralis minor trapezius subclavius

trapezius

Which type of lever is exemplified by the flexing of the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle? a first-class lever a second-class lever a third-class lever a fourth-class lever

a third-class lever

The smallest of the posterior extensors of the elbow joint is the __________. brachioradialis biceps brachii triceps brachii anconeus

aconeus

The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________. coracoid process of the scapula acromion of the scapula clavicle humerus

acromion of the scapula

The pattern of fascicle arrangement of muscle at "C" is ___. Pennate Circular Parallel Fusiform Convergent

Answer: Fusiform

Identify the muscle labeled "c".

Answer: Triceps brachii

As the prime mover of arm abduction, the middle fibers of the ___ contract to move the arm laterally away from the body.

Deltoid

Select the muscle that is named for its shape. Gluteus maximus Transversus abdominis Deltoid Temporalis Adductor longus

Deltoid

The major abductor muscle of the upper arm is the __________. deltoid coracobrachialis teres major supraspinatus subscapularis

Deltoid

Which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle? Infraspinatus Deltoid Teres minor Subscapularis

Deltoid

The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called __________. retraction medial rotation protraction elevation

elevation

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors? a first-class lever a second-class lever a third-class lever a fourth-class lever

A first-class lever

Which of the following statements is correct regarding muscle position and its related action? -The pectoralis major crosses on the anterior side of the shoulder joint to produce extension. -The latissimus dorsi crosses the posterior side of the shoulder joint to produce flexion. -A muscle that crosses the ankle joint anteriorly produces flexion. -A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of the knee joint produces flexion.

A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of the knee joint produces flexion.

Match the following term relating to a lever system with its correct function or description: Lever. A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point The resistance The applied force The fixed point upon which a lever moves

A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point

Indicate whether the biceps brachii is located on the anterior (A) or the posterior (P) surface of the body and then indicate the action of the muscle. P; extends and pronates the forearm A; flexes and supinates the forearm A; adducts and rotates the arm medially A; extends and pronates the forearm P; flexes and supinates the forearm

A; flexes and supinates the forearm

Select the muscle that belongs to the medial compartment of the thigh. Rectus femoris Semimembranosus Adductor longus Vastus medialis Semitendinosus

Adductor longus

Select the muscle that is named for its action. Deltoid Temporalis Transversus abdominis Adductor longus Gluteus maximus

Adductor longus

Match the functional group classification with the description: The muscles that perform most of the action in producing the movement. Fixators Antagonists Synergists Agonists

Agonists

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? an agonist (prime mover) a fixator a synergist an antagonist

An agonist (prime mover).

Which of the following describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles? -An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides. -An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into only one side of a tendon. -An arrangement that looks like many feathers side by side. -An arrangement of five fascicles on each side of the tendon.

An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides.

Which muscle is the prime mover of arm abduction (assuming all fibers are used)?

Answer: A

Identify the muscle indicated by "C".

Answer: Anterior scalene

Identify the muscle indicated by "F".

Answer: Infraspinatus

Identify the muscle indicated by "D".

Answer: Levator scapulae

Identify the muscle indicated by "B".

Answer: Middle scalene

Identify the muscle indicated by "D".

Answer: Posterior scalene

Identify the muscle indicated by "C".

Answer: Rhomboid major

Identify the muscle indicated by "B".

Answer: Rhomboid minor

Identify the muscle indicated by "A".

Answer: Sternocleidomastoid

Identify the muscle indicated by "E".

Answer: Supraspinatus

Identify the muscle indicated by "A".

Answer: Trapezius

Which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle?

Answer: A

Which of the muscles, A, B, or D, has action at only one joint?

Answer: B

Which muscle inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus?

Answer: C

Which muscle is an antagonist to the biceps brachii muscle?

Answer: D

Identity the inferred action of a muscle based upon the position of the muscle relative to the joint it crosses. The type of movement for "D" is ___. -a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction. -a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction. -a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion. -a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension.

Answer: A muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion.

Identify the inferred action of a muscle based upon the position of the muscle relative to the joint it crosses. The type of movement for "A" is ___. -a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension. -a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion. -a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction. -a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction.

Answer: A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction.

Identify the inferred action of a muscle based upon the position of the muscle relative to the joint it crosses. The type of movement for "B" is ___. -a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension. -a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction. -a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction. -a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion.

Answer: A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction.

Identify the inferred action of a muscle based upon the position of the muscle relative to the joint it crosses. The type of movement for "C" is ___. -a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction. -a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension. -a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction. -a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion.

Answer: A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension.

Sort the following: (One will not be used) Abduction Flexion Adduction Extension Rotation

Answer: A. Flexion B. Extension C. Abduction D. Adduction

Sort the following: Lateral side Medial side Anterior side Posterior side

Answer: A. Medial side B. Lateral side C. Anterior side D. Posterior side

Label the following appropriately: -Tibia-calcaneus joint -Humerus-ulna joint -Atlanto-occipital joint -Second-class lever -The action of lifting a shovel of snow -First-class lever

Answer: A. Second-class lever B. First-class lever C. Humerus-ulna joint D. Tibia-calcaneus joint E. The action of lifting a shovel of snow F. Atlanto-occipital joint

The pattern of fascicle arrangement of the muscle at "A" is ___. Pennate Parallel Circular Convergent Fusiform

Answer: Circular

The pattern of fascicle arrangement of the muscle at "B" is ___. Fusiform Parallel Circular Convergent Pennate

Answer: Convergent

The pattern of fascicle arrangement of the muscle at "D" is ___. Parallel Pennate Convergent Circular Fusiform

Answer: Parallel

The pattern of fascicle arrangement of the muscle at "E" is ___. Fusiform Pennate Parallel Convergent Circular

Answer: Pennate

Label the following appropriately: Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Sternocleidomastoid Serratus anterior

Answers: A. Pectoralis major B. Serratus anterior C. Sternocleidomastoid D. Pectoralis minor

Label the following appropriately: Trapezius Deltoid Triceps brachii Pronator teres Brachioradialis Biceps brachii

Answers: A. Pronator teres B. Trapezius C. Brachioradialis D. Biceps brachii E. Triceps brachii F. Deltoid

Label the following appropriately: Supraspinatus Teres major Teres minor Infraspinatus Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi

Answers: A. Teres minor B. Triceps brachii C. Supraspinatus D. Infraspinatus E. Latissimus dorsi F. Teres major

Label the following appropriately: Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Deltoid Infraspinatus Latissimus dorsi

Answers: A. Trapezius B. Sternocleidomastoid C. Levator scapulae D. Infraspinatus E. Rhomboid minor F. Latissimus dorsi G. Deltoid H. Rhomboid major

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________. antagonist synergist fixator agonist (prime mover)

Antagonist.

Match the following muscle action with its appropriate term: Muscles that relax when the prime mover and synergists are contracting. Synergists Antagonists Agonists Prime movers

Antagonists

Which functional group has the major responsibility for countering a specific movement? fixators agonists antagonists synergists

Antagonists

__________ are muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement. Agonists Fixators Antagonists Synergists

Antagonists

Select the muscle compartment that flexes the wrist and fingers. Anterior compartment of forearm Posterior compartment of forearm Posterior compartment of arm Anterior compartment of arm

Anterior compartment of forearm

Match the word to its correct meaning: Brachium. Arm Short Straight Right angles Triangle

Arm

The hamstrings consist of three muscles located on the posterior thigh. Why is it recommended that a caregiver squat using these muscles to help a patient sit down? because it eliminates lifting belt use when moving adults because it permits the patient to be farther away because it forcibly flexes the caregiver's thighs because it prevents back muscle strain

Because it prevents back muscle strain.

Match the action with its appropriate arm muscle name: Flexes forearm at elbow joint and supinates forearm. Triceps brachii Anconeus Brachialis Biceps brachii

Biceps brachii

Match the following term relating to a lever system with its appropriate anatomical part: Effort. Elbow joint Biceps brachii Distal end of forearm, hand Radius

Biceps brachii

Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type? gastrocnemius tendon at the ankle: first-class lever biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever trapezius action on the atlanto-occipital joint; second-class lever triceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever

Biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever

Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type? biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever gastrocnemius tendon at the ankle: first-class lever trapezius action on the atlanto-occipital joint; second-class lever triceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever

Biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever.

Which set of muscles is primarily used when doing bar chin-ups? Biceps brachii muscle Deltoid muscle Biceps femoris muscle Triceps brachii muscle

Biceps brachii muscle

Match the action on the leg/knee joint with its appropriate muscle: Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee. Sartorius Gracilis Rectus femoris Biceps femoris I DON'T KNOW YET

Biceps femoris

Select the muscle that belongs to the hamstrings of the posterior thigh. Rectus femoris Biceps femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis

Biceps femoris

Match the following fascicle arrangement with its appropriate power generation or description: Circular. -Straplike with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but not usually very powerful -Close body openings by contracting -Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; do not shorten as much but are more powerful. -Has a broad origin; single tendon of insertion

Close body openings by contracting.

First-class levers ________. -are typified by tweezers or forceps -in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location -are used when standing on tip-toe -have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle

In the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location.

First-class levers ________. -are used when standing on tip-toe -in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location -have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle -are typified by tweezers or forceps

In the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location.

Match the action on the leg/knee joint with its appropriate muscle: Extends leg at knee and flexes thigh at hip. Sartorius Biceps femoris Gracilis Rectus femoris

Rectus femoris

Which statement is true of the triceps brachii but false of the biceps brachii? It extends the forearm. It is located in the anterior brachial region. It flexes the elbow. It has two muscle bellies.

It extends the forearm.

Match the action with its appropriate muscle name: Extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially. Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Supraspinatus Subscapularis

Latissimus dorsi

Often several criteria are combined in a naming a muscle. Which of the following is not described in the name extensor carpi radialis longus? Location of the muscle origin Muscle size Muscle action Muscle location

Location of the muscle origin

The names of the muscles can indicate all of the following, except __________. -the region of the body where the muscle is located -the direction of the muscle fibers relative to an imaginary line -structural characteristics of the muscle -myofibril composition of the muscle -action of the muscle

Myofibril composition of the muscle.

Which of the following statements about muscles of the elbow joint is true? The biceps brachii has two heads that share the same origin site. The biceps brachii is a posterior extensor. The brachioradialis originates and inserts on the ulna. None of these statements is correct.

None of these statements is correct.

Match the thigh/leg movement with its appropriate muscle name: Flexes and adducts thigh. Sartorius Pectineus Gluteus maximus Quadratus femoris

Pectineus

Which of the following describes the action of using a pry bar to move a heavy rock? Power lever working at a mechanical advantage Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Power lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Speed lever working at a mechanical advantage

Power lever working at a mechanical advantage

Which of the following describes the action of using a pry bar to move a heavy rock? Power lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Power lever working at a mechanical advantage Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Speed lever working at a mechanical advantage

Power lever working at a mechanical advantage

Which of the following describes the action of using a pry bar to move a heavy rock? Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Power lever working at a mechanical advantage Speed lever working at a mechanical advantage Power lever working at a mechanical disadvantage

Power lever working at a mechanical advantage.

Match the thigh/leg movement with its appropriate muscle name: Rotates thigh laterally and stabilizes hip joint. Pectineus Rectus femoris Quadratus femoris Gracilis

Quadratus femoris

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________. rectus abdominis gastrocnemius gluteus maximus quadriceps femoris

Quadriceps femoris

Match the following term relating to a lever system with its appropriate anatomical part: Lever. Biceps brachii Distal end of forearm, hand Elbow joint Radius

Radius

Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever? flexing your knee to raise your heel toward your buttocks raising your head up off your chest standing on your toes lifting a rock with your right hand and arm

Raising your head up off your chest.

Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever? lifting a rock with your right hand and arm raising your head up off your chest flexing your knee to raise your heel toward your buttocks standing on your toes

Raising your head up off your chest.

Which muscle flexes and rotates the lumbar region of the vertebral column? This muscle extends vertically from the lower sternum to the pubis. Transversus abdominis External oblique Rectus abdominis Internal oblique

Rectus abdominis

Match the word to its correct meaning: Transversus. Triangle Straight Right angles Arm Short

Right angles

Match the action on the leg/knee joint with its appropriate muscle: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh. Rectus femoris Gracilis Sartorius Biceps femoris

Sartorius

Which of the following statements about second-class levers is correct? -Second-class levers have a wide range of motion. -Second-class levers work at a mechanical disadvantage. -Second-class levers are speed levers. -Second-class levers have great strength, but are slow and have little range of motion.

Second-class levers have great strength, but are slow and have little range of motion.

Select the muscle that is sometimes called the "boxer's muscle" because its actions include horizontal arm movements used for pushing and punching. Biceps brachii Serratus anterior Latissimus dorsi Rectus abdominis

Serratus anterior

Match the word to its correct meaning: Brevis. Triangle Short Right angles Straight Arm

Short

Why is the body position of both a post-surgical patient and the caregiver critical in performing a safe patient move from bed to chair? because patients are not expected to exert any effort so that the caregiver can support patient's full body weight so that lifting leverage can be properly applied so that surgical wound stitches are not pulled apart

So that lifting leverage can be properly applied.

Match the action on the ankle/foot with its appropriate muscle: Plantar flexes foot and is important in posture. Gastrocnemius Soleus Fibularis (peroneus) brevis Tibialis anterior

Soleus

Which of the following describes the action of a heavy acrobat jumping onto the short end of a seesaw and propelling his lighter partner high into the air? Power lever working at a mechanical advantage Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Speed lever working at a mechanical advantage Power lever working at a mechanical disadvantage

Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage

The rhomboideus minor muscle originates on which process on the vertebrae? Pedicle Posterior process Transverse process Spinous process

Spinous process

Match the following type of lever with its appropriate example: Second-class lever. Standing on tip-toe Lifting your head off your chest Flexing the forearm with the biceps brachii None of the choices is correct.

Standing on tip-toe

Match the following description of muscles that move the head and trunk with its appropriate name: Flexes and laterally rotates the head. Splenius Iliocostalis Semispinalis Sternocleidomastoid

Sternocleidomastoid

Match the word to its correct meaning: Rectus. Right angles Straight Short Arm Abdominal Triangle

Straight

Match the following fascicle arrangement with the appropriate power generation or description: Parallel. -Has a broad origin; single tendon of insertion -Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; do not shorten as much but are more powerful. -Straplike with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but not usually very powerful -Close body openings by contracting

Straplike with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but not usually very powerful

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle? -The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively. -The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively. -The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively. -The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

Which of the following statements is correct? -The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be. -Muscle fibers running in parallel arrangement generate more power. -The more a muscle shortens, the more power it generates. -Multipennate muscles do not produce much power because the fibers run in many directions

The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be.

Match the following term relating to a lever system with its correct function or description: Load. The fixed point upon which a lever moves A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point The applied force The resistance

The resistance

Which of the following muscles divides the neck into two triangles? The spinalis The sternocleidomastoid The platysma The digastric

The sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following statements is correct regarding muscle position and its related action? -A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of the hip joint produces adduction. -A muscle that crosses the ankle joint posteriorly produces adduction. -The deltoid crosses the shoulder joint medially to produce abduction. -The teres major crosses on the medial side of the shoulder joint to produce adduction.

The teres major crosses on the medial side of the shoulder joint to produce adduction.

Why are the muscles that move the fingers and wrist located in the forearm? This design allows the hand and fingers to have greater sensitivity to environmental stimuli. This design allows the hand to maintain fine motor control and strength without the interference of bulky muscles. This design allows the muscles to contract more rapidly. This design allows for less torque strength by the tendons of the fingers.

This design allows the hand to maintain fine motor control and strength without the interference of bulky muscles.

The __________ is the prime mover of dorsiflexion of the foot. gastrocnemius popliteus soleus tibialis anterior

Tibialis anterior

Which muscle laterally parallels the sharp anterior margin of the tibia? Tibialis posterior Tibialis anterior Flexor digitorum longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis longus

Tibialis anterior

Select the muscle that is named for the direction of its fibers. Gluteus maximus Deltoid Temporalis Transversus abdominis Adductor longus

Transversus abdominis

Match the word to its correct meaning: Deltoid. Triangle Short Right angles Arm Trapezoid Straight

Triangle

________ is a powerful forearm extensor at the elbow joint. Brachialis Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Brachioradialis

Triceps brachii

A wheelbarrow is a good example of a second-class lever. T / F

True

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push. T / F

True

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators. T / F

True

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage. T / F

True

The anterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the pectoralis major muscle. T / F

True

The anterior compartment of the thigh is involved in lower leg extension. T / F

True

The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. T / F

True

Select the muscle that belongs to the quadriceps femoris of the anterior compartment of the thigh. Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Vastus medialis Semimembranosus

Vastus medialis

Match the word to its correct meaning: Carpi. Rib Triangle Right angles Short Straight Wrist

Wrist

The teres major adducts the arm but does not __________ the arm. medially rotate or extend extend medially rotates abduct

abduct

The middle fibers of the deltoid muscle __________. abduct the arm adduct the arm laterally rotate the arm medially rotate the arm

abduct the arm

The tensor fascia latae is involved in hip __________. adduction lateral rotation abduction extension

abduction

The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________. coracoid process of the scapula clavicle acromion of the scapula humerus

acromion of the scapula

The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to __________. provide the only connection between the arm and the axial skeleton provide the only connection between the humerus and the scapula act as an attachment site for muscles that move the arm act as an attachment point for the rotator cuff muscles

act as an attachment site for muscles that move the arm

One of the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle is to __________. lateral rotation of the arm adduct the arm abduct the arm flex the arm

adduct the arm

The primary action of muscle on the medial compartment of the thigh is ________. abduction of the thigh flexion of the thigh adduction of the thigh extension of the thigh

adduction of the thigh

Which of the following muscles is named for its action? gluteus minimus adductor longus biceps brachii frontalis

adductor longus

The medial muscles of the hip joint that insert on the linea aspera are the __________. pectineus, adductor magnus, and adductor longus adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus gracilis, adductor magnus, pectineus, and adductor longus adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and pectineus

adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus

Which of the following is not true of the deep fascia of the leg? aids in venous return separates anterior and posterior muscles an insertion for the majority of lower leg muscles prevents excess swelling of the muscles

an insertion for the majority of lower leg muscles

The origin of the rectus femoris is the ____________. anterior inferior iliac spine linea aspera greater trochanter anterior femur

anterior inferior iliac spine

The deltoid muscle fibers are separated into __________. lateral, medial, and proximal superficial and deep superior, middle, and inferior anterior, middle, and posterior

anterior, middle, and posterior

Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? vastus medialis biceps femoris vastus lateralis rectus femoris

biceps femoris

The soleus and the gastrocnemius share an insertion on the __________. calcaneus fibula medial cuneiform distal phalanx

calcaneus

Sphincters have a __________ arrangement of fascicles. convergent parallel circular pennate

circular

The pectoral girdle consists of the __________. clavicle, scapula, and humerus scapula and humerus clavicle and scapula clavicle and humerus

clavicle and scapula

The pectoralis major muscle can be divided into groups of fibers superior, or __________, and inferior, or __________. scapular; humeral humeral; scapular sternocostal; clavicular clavicular; sternocostal

clavicular; sternocostal

Muscles are named based on all the criteria below except ________. color of the muscle direction of muscle fibers number of origins action of the muscle

color of the muscle

Which of the following are correctly matched? convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle circular arrangement of fascicles; describes the deltoid muscle parallel arrangement of fascicles; characteristic of sphincter muscles pennate arrangement of fascicles; spindle-shaped muscle

convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle

The coracobrachialis muscle originates on the __________. medial surface of the humeral shaft coracoid process of the scapula radial tuberosity greater tuberosity of the humerus

coracoid process of the scapula

The brachialis muscle is located __________ to the biceps brachii muscle. superficially superiorly deep laterally

deep

The forearm muscles can be divided into anterior flexors and posterior extensors, as well as __________. proximal and distal layer scephalic and caudal layers femoral and abdominal layers deep and superficial layers

deep and superficial layers

Muscles of the shoulder can be divided into groups based on __________. location (anterior and posterior) size location (superior and inferior) distribution and functional relationships

distribution and functional relationships

A muscle located on the anterior surface of the thigh will ________ the knee, whereas a muscle on the posterior surface will ________ the knee. flex, extend extend, flex adduct, abduct abduct, adduct

extend, flex

The gluteus maximus is the most powerful muscle during __________. flexion lateral rotation medial rotation extension

extension

The prime mover of wrist extension is the __________. extensor digitorum extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi ulnaris

extensor digitorum

The two muscles that insert on the fifth phalanx or on the fifth metatarsal are the __________. fibularis tertius and extensor hallucis longus fibularis longus and extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus and fibularis longus extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius

extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius

This muscle is named for the direction of its fibers. external oblique tibialis anterior sartorius gluteus maximus

external oblique

The muscular wall of the abdomen is in part composed of __________. external oblique and rectus muscles muscles of mastication erector spinae muscles digastric muscles glossus muscles

external oblique and rectus muscles

If a lever operates at a mechanical advantage, it means that the ________. lever system is useless load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum

load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum.

To keep the humeral head centered within the glenoidal cavity the rotator cuff muscles must be __________. located in the same plane located distally located anteriorly located posteriorly

located in the same plane

To keep the humeral head centered within the glenoidal cavity the rotator cuff muscles must be __________. located posteriorly located anteriorly located in the same plane located distally

located in the same plane

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________. mastoid process of the temporal bone clavicle sternum platysma

mastoid process of the temporal bone

An insertion of the fibularis longus is the __________. base of metatarsal two distal phalanx of digit one medial cuneiform base of metatarsal five

medial cuneiform

The key actions of the pectoralis major muscle are __________. lateral rotation and abduction shoulder extension and adduction elbow flexion and elbow extension medial rotation and adduction

medial rotation and adduction

All of the following insert onto the humerus EXCEPT __________. none of the above supraspinatus deltoid teres major

none of the above

The latissimus dorsi inserts __________. on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus on the greater tubercle of the humerus on the intertubercular groove of the humerus on the lesser tubercle of the humerus

on the intertubercular groove of the humerus

The most powerful movement at the ankle joint is __________, and the ________ is one of the prime movers of this movement. plantar flexion; gastrocnemius dorsiflexion; gastrocnemius dorsiflexion; tibialis anterior plantar flexion; tibialis anterior

plantar flexion; gastrocnemius

To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint. biceps femoris popliteus semimembranosus sartorius

popliteus

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? tibialis posterior gastrocnemius and soleus flexor digitorum longus popliteus

popliteus

The biceps femoris is located in the __________. anterior arm posterior arm posterior thigh anterior thigh

posterior thigh

The muscles that extend the forearm are located __________. posteriorly laterally anteriorly medially

posteriorly

The ball and socket joint in the hip is similar to the ball and socket joint of the shoulder but is designed more for __________ than ___________. power; precision precision; speed speed; precision precision; power

power; precision

All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________. axillary nerve ulnar nerve humeral nerve radial nerve

radial nerve

The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________. radial notch ulnar notch olecranon process radial tuberosity

radial tuberosity

The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle come together distally to insert on the __________. ulnar tuberosity radial tuberosity styloid process of the radius deltoid tuberosity

radial tuberosity

The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle converge distally to insert on the __________. ulnar notch scapula ulna radial tuberosity

radial tuberosity

Which of the following muscles fixes and stabilizes the pelvis during walking? external oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis internal oblique

rectus abdominis

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________. biceps femoris semimembranosus rectus femoris semitendinosus

rectus femoris

Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor? biceps femoris gluteus maximus rectus femoris vastus lateralis

rectus femoris

Which of the following are correctly matched? transverse; parallel to the long axis brevis; long deltoid; at a right angle to the long axis rectus; straight

rectus; straight

The piriformis originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________. ischium; lesser trochanter of the femur sacrum; lesser trochanter of the femur ischium; greater trochanter of the femur sacrum; greater trochanter of the femur

sacrum; greater trochanter of the femur

The anterior muscles of the thigh that originate on the os coxae are __________. sartorius; vastus medialis vastus lateralis; vastus medialis rectus femoris; vastus medialis sartorius; rectus femoris

sartorius; rectus femoris

Which movement results after the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle? scapular protraction and rotation scapular retraction scapular elevation abduction of the humerus

scapular protraction and rotation

All fibers of the trapezius muscle are innervated by the __________. coxal nerve axillary nerve scapular nerve spinal accessory nerve

spinal accessory nerve

The major head flexor muscles are the __________. splenius muscles sternocleidomastoid muscle scalene muscles trapezius muscles

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? infraspinatus; abduction supraspinatus; lateral rotation subscapularis; medial rotation teres minor; adduction

subscapularis; medial rotation

Which of the following groups of muscles are not muscles of the shoulder? the rotator cuff muscles the anterior flexor muscles muscles that act on the pectoral girdle muscles that stabilize and cross the glenohumeral joint

the anterior flexor muscles

The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle converge to insert onto __________. digits two through five the middle phalanx of digit one the calcaneus the posterior surface of the tibia

the calcaneus

Where are the origins of the muscles that provide the more powerful movement of the fingers? the forearm the arm the wrist the palm of the hand

the forearm

Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon? the tibialis anterior the semitendinosus the gastrocnemius the sartorius

the gastrocnemius

Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________. the location of their origin and insertion their relative size their shape the direction of their muscle fibers

the location of their origin and insertion

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? the nervous system's control of the muscle the number of origins for the muscle the location of the muscle the shape of the muscle the locations of the muscle attachments

the nervous system's control of the muscle

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle? the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction the length the number of neurons innervating it the shape

the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction

Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles? muscle location the type of action they cause the type of muscle fibers muscle shape

the type of muscle fibers

Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________. calf hip knee thigh

thigh

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs? lateral rotators hamstrings thigh adductors quadriceps

thigh adductors

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF? first-class lever second-class lever third-class lever fourth-class lever

third-class lever

The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the __________. tibial nerve ulnar nerve fibular nerve plantar nerve

tibial nerve

A superficial muscle of the leg, this one dorsiflexes the foot. soleus fibularis longus tibialis anterior gastrocnemius

tibialis anterior

The prime mover of dorsiflexion is the __________. extensor digitorum longus tibialis anterior fibularis tertius extensor hallucis longus

tibialis anterior

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action? to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus

to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus

The main forearm extensor is the __________. coracobrachialis triceps brachii brachilais biceps brachii

triceps brachii

This name reveals the number of the muscle's origins. pectoralis major triceps brachii adductor longus temporalis

triceps brachii

All of the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus have one of two functions. Which of the following pairs is correct? wrist extension and forearm supination forearm flexion and wrist flexion wrist flexion and forearm pronation wrist flexion and supination

wrist flexion and forearm pronation


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