Anatomy Exam 3 Material
Match the following term relating to a lever system with its appropriate anatomical part: Load. Biceps brachii Elbow joint Radius Distal end of forearm, hand
Distal end of forearm, hand
Match the following term relating to a lever with its appropriate description or example: Second-class lever. Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between None of the choices is correct. Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum
Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them
Match the following term relating to a lever with its appropriate description or example: Third-class lever. -Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between -Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum -Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them -None of the choices is correct.
Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum
Match the following term relating to a lever with its appropriate description or example: First-class lever. -Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between -None of the choices is correct. -Effort applied between the load and the fulcrum -Effort applied at one end of the lever; the fulcrum located at the other; load between them
Effort is applied at one end of the lever; the load at the other; fulcrum somewhere in between.
Match the following term relating to a lever system with its appropriate anatomical part: Fulcrum. Biceps brachii Radius Distal end of forearm, hand Elbow joint
Elbow joint
Which muscle functions in extensions of the digits of the hand? Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Pronator teres
Extensor digitorum
A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint will always cause extension. T / F
False
A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever. T / F
False
Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same. T / F
False
Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage. T / F
False
The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction. T / F
False
The soleus is an antagonist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion. T / F
False
Match the action on the ankle/foot with its appropriate muscle: Plantar flexes and everts the foot. Gastrocnemius Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis Tibialis anterior Soleus
Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis
Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct? Synergists help agonists. Agonists are the prime movers for an action. Antagonists counter the action of a prime mover. Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur.
Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur.
A muscle that originates on the posterior surface of the ischium and inserts on the posterior surface of the tibia will: Flex the thigh and extend the leg. Flex the leg and extend the thigh. Flex the thigh at the hip. Extend the leg at the knee. Extend the thigh at the hip. Flex the leg at the knee.
Flex the leg and extend the thigh.
Which of the following adducts the hand? Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Select the muscle that is named for its size. Deltoid Gluteus maximus Sternocleidomastoid Temporalis Transversus abdominis
Gluteus maximus
Match the thigh/leg movement with its appropriate muscle name: Adducts thigh, and flexes and medially rotates leg. Gluteus maximus Gracilis Sartorius Quadratus femoris
Gracilis
The ___ is an antagonist of the deltoid for arm abduction.
Teres Major
The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus. infraspinatus supraspinatus teres major teres minor
Teres major
Match the following term relating to a lever system with its correct function or description: Effort. A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point The resistance The fixed point upon which a lever moves The applied force
The applied force.
Mrs. Tanner's difficulty flexing her leg at the knee is most likely due to problems with: The biceps femoris. The biceps brachii. The quadriceps femoris. The gastrocnemius.
The biceps femoris.
What is the major factor controlling how levers work? -the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum -the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever -the direction the load is being moved -the weight of the load
The difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum.
Match the following term relating to a lever system with its correct function or description: Fulcrum. The applied force The fixed point upon which a lever moves A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point The resistance
The fixed point upon which a lever moves.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? -The hamstrings cross the hip and knee joints. -The medial hamstrings promote medial knee (leg) rotation. -The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh. -The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion.
The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion.
A muscle that assists the muscle primarily responsible for a given action is __________. a prime mover an antagonist an agonist a synergist
a synergist
What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts? a prime mover a synergist an antagonist an agonist
a synergist
The lateral rotators act on the __________. lumbar vertebrae sacrum femur os coxae
femur
Eversion of the foot is a function of the __________. tibialis anterior fibularis longus extensor hallucis extensor digitorum
fibularis longus
Both heads of the biceps femoris muscle __________. flex the hip extend the hip extend the leg at the knee flex the leg at the knee
flex the leg at the knee
In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________. flexion adduction abduction extension
flexion
The brachioradialis is a strong forearm __________. flexor extensor supinator pronator
flexor
Wrist abduction occurs through the actions of __________ muscles. five three four two
four
This muscle allows you to stand on tiptoe when the knee is extended, and it flexes the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed. gastrocnemius fibularis longus and brevis acting together fibularis longus soleus
gastrocnemius
The prime mover of hip extension is the __________. pectineus gracilis gluteus maximus adductor magnus
gluteus maximus
Which of the following muscles is named for its size? gluteus maximus deltoid sternocleidomastoid trapezius
gluteus maximus
Like the deltoid muscle that lies over and abducts the shoulder, these two muscles lie over the hip and are prime movers of hip abduction. Neither muscle extends the hip. gluteus maximus and gluteus medius gluteus minimus and gluteus maximus gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris gracilis
gracilis
Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee? hamstring muscles gluteal muscles brachioradialis soleus
hamstring muscles
Commonly referred to as the ________, this muscle group on the posterior thigh extends the hip. quadriceps femoris hamstrings tensor fasciae latae gluteus medius
hamstrings
The quadriceps are the prime movers of knee extension. Which muscle group is an antagonist to knee extension? gluteus maximus tibialis anterior soleus hamstrings
hamstrings
The prime mover for flexion of the thigh is the __________ muscle. iliopsoas quadratus lumborum sartorius gluteus maximus
iliopsoas
This deep muscle flexes the trunk on the thigh. adductor longus iliopsoas erector spinae splenius group
iliopsoas
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh? biceps femoris soleus vastus medialis iliopsoas and rectus femoris
iliopsoas and rectus femoris
The iliacus and the psoas major muscles are collectively known as the ____________ muscle because they share a common insertion on the __________ of the femur. iliopsoas; greater trochanter psoasiliacus; lesser trochanter psoasiliacus; greater trochanter iliopsoas; lesser trochanter
iliopsoas; lesser trochanter
The majority of the fibers of the gluteus maximus insert onto the __________. iliotibial tract gluteal tuberosity inferior border of the os coxae superior border of the os coxae
iliotibial tract
The origin of the long head of the triceps brachii is on the __________. anterior shaft of the humerus olecranon process of the ulna infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula posterior shaft of the humerus
infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
The external intercostal muscles are used primarily in __________. exhalation chewing inhalation swallowing
inhalation
The attachment site of the muscle tendon to the more movable bone is called the _______. belly origin distal end proximal end insertion
insertion
The flexor hallucis longus muscle originates on the __________. interosseous membrane femur distal phalanges of digits 2-5 medial cuneiform
interosseous membrane
All fibers of the pectoralis major muscle converge on the lateral edge of the__________. greater tuberosity radial tuberosity deltoid tuberosity intertubercular sulcus
intertubercular sulcus
The actions of the muscles that cross the hip do not include __________. extension medial rotation flexion inversion
inversion
A prime mover (agonist) ________. aids the action of the muscle primarily responsible for the movement opposes or reverses a movement is primarily responsible for a movement immobilizes the origin of the prime mover
is primarily responsible for a movement
The hamstring muscles originate on the __________. ischial tuberosity medial surface of the tibia lesser trochanter of the femur medial surface of the fibula
ischial tuberosity
The long head of the biceps femoris muscle originates on the __________. iliac crest ischial tuberosity posterior superior iliac spine anterior superior iliac spine
ischial tuberosity
The deltoid is a muscle named according to __________. the number of its origins its shape the direction of its fibers its location
its shape
The rectus femoris muscle extends the leg at the __________. ankle elbow hip knee
knee
The trapezius muscle may be separated into all of the following groups, except __________. lateral middle inferior superior
lateral
The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the __________. patellar surface and anterior surface of the femur lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur patellar surface and posterior surface of the femur medial condyle and posterior surface of the femur
lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur
The actions of the rhomboid major on the scapula do not include __________. medial rotation lateral rotation adduction elevation
lateral rotation
The ___ and deltoid posterior fibers are prime movers of arm extension.
latissimus dorsi
The posterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the __________. trapezius brachioradialis pectoralis major latissimus dorsi
latissimus dorsi
Which muscle is the large muscle that wraps around the lower back? deltoid latissimus dorsi coracobrachialis pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
Both the Psoas major muscle and iliacus muscle insert on the __________. lesser trochanter of the femur linea alba of the femur intertrochanteric crest greater trochanter of the femur
lesser trochanter of the femur
Which muscle elevates the scapula? pectoralis minor rhomboid major serratus anterior levator scapulae
levator scapulae
The four muscles that comprise the posterior group of the pectoral girdle are the __________. levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, and pectoralis major rhomboideus minor, teres minor, trapezius, and levator scapulae levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, and trapezius pectoralis minor, rhomboideus major, levator scapulae, and trapezius
levator scapulae, rhomboideus minor, rhomboideus major, and trapezius
Which movement is not associated with the scapula? elevation opposition protraction depression
opposition
The ___ crosses the anterior side of the shoulder joint and is the prime mover of arm flexion.
pectoralis major
The ___________ is a prime mover of arm flexion. latissimus dorsi deltoid quadriceps femoris pectoralis major
pectoralis major
The latissimus dorsi is an antagonist of the ___ for arm flexion.
pectoralis major
Which of the following is incorrectly paired? trapezius; scapula rotation latissimus dorsi; medial arm rotation pectoralis major; arm abduction deltoid; arm flexion
pectoralis major; arm abduction
The extensor digitorum muscle is an example of a __________ muscle. fusiform muscle convergent circular pennate
pennate
The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the __________. superior gluteal nerve inferior gluteal nerve superior coxial nerve inferior coxial nerve
superior gluteal nerve
All of the following muscles are involved with adduction of the shoulder EXCEPT . pectoralis major teres major coracobrachialis supraspinatus
supraspinatus
The posterior scapular muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the __________. teres minor pectoralis major latissimus dorsi teres major
teres major
Which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle? subscapularis teres major infraspinatus supraspinatus
teres major
Which muscle causes lateral rotation of the shoulder? teres minor teres major subscapularis pectoralis major
teres minor
Which joint is considered the most flexible joint in the body? the shoulder joint the wrist joint the elbow joint the hip joint
the shoulder joint
The origins of the levator scapula are from the ___________ of four cervical vertebrae. transverse processes spinous processes bodies fascia
transverse processes
Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action, except __________. extensor pronator trapezius adductor flexor
trapezius
The shape of this muscle gives it its name. brachialis scalenes trapezius vastus lateralis
trapezius
What is the large diamond-shaped muscle of the upper back? levator scapulae pectoralis minor trapezius subclavius
trapezius
Which type of lever is exemplified by the flexing of the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle? a first-class lever a second-class lever a third-class lever a fourth-class lever
a third-class lever
The smallest of the posterior extensors of the elbow joint is the __________. brachioradialis biceps brachii triceps brachii anconeus
aconeus
The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________. coracoid process of the scapula acromion of the scapula clavicle humerus
acromion of the scapula
The pattern of fascicle arrangement of muscle at "C" is ___. Pennate Circular Parallel Fusiform Convergent
Answer: Fusiform
Identify the muscle labeled "c".
Answer: Triceps brachii
As the prime mover of arm abduction, the middle fibers of the ___ contract to move the arm laterally away from the body.
Deltoid
Select the muscle that is named for its shape. Gluteus maximus Transversus abdominis Deltoid Temporalis Adductor longus
Deltoid
The major abductor muscle of the upper arm is the __________. deltoid coracobrachialis teres major supraspinatus subscapularis
Deltoid
Which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle? Infraspinatus Deltoid Teres minor Subscapularis
Deltoid
The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called __________. retraction medial rotation protraction elevation
elevation
Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors? a first-class lever a second-class lever a third-class lever a fourth-class lever
A first-class lever
Which of the following statements is correct regarding muscle position and its related action? -The pectoralis major crosses on the anterior side of the shoulder joint to produce extension. -The latissimus dorsi crosses the posterior side of the shoulder joint to produce flexion. -A muscle that crosses the ankle joint anteriorly produces flexion. -A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of the knee joint produces flexion.
A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of the knee joint produces flexion.
Match the following term relating to a lever system with its correct function or description: Lever. A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point The resistance The applied force The fixed point upon which a lever moves
A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point
Indicate whether the biceps brachii is located on the anterior (A) or the posterior (P) surface of the body and then indicate the action of the muscle. P; extends and pronates the forearm A; flexes and supinates the forearm A; adducts and rotates the arm medially A; extends and pronates the forearm P; flexes and supinates the forearm
A; flexes and supinates the forearm
Select the muscle that belongs to the medial compartment of the thigh. Rectus femoris Semimembranosus Adductor longus Vastus medialis Semitendinosus
Adductor longus
Select the muscle that is named for its action. Deltoid Temporalis Transversus abdominis Adductor longus Gluteus maximus
Adductor longus
Match the functional group classification with the description: The muscles that perform most of the action in producing the movement. Fixators Antagonists Synergists Agonists
Agonists
What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? an agonist (prime mover) a fixator a synergist an antagonist
An agonist (prime mover).
Which of the following describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles? -An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides. -An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into only one side of a tendon. -An arrangement that looks like many feathers side by side. -An arrangement of five fascicles on each side of the tendon.
An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides.
Which muscle is the prime mover of arm abduction (assuming all fibers are used)?
Answer: A
Identify the muscle indicated by "C".
Answer: Anterior scalene
Identify the muscle indicated by "F".
Answer: Infraspinatus
Identify the muscle indicated by "D".
Answer: Levator scapulae
Identify the muscle indicated by "B".
Answer: Middle scalene
Identify the muscle indicated by "D".
Answer: Posterior scalene
Identify the muscle indicated by "C".
Answer: Rhomboid major
Identify the muscle indicated by "B".
Answer: Rhomboid minor
Identify the muscle indicated by "A".
Answer: Sternocleidomastoid
Identify the muscle indicated by "E".
Answer: Supraspinatus
Identify the muscle indicated by "A".
Answer: Trapezius
Which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle?
Answer: A
Which of the muscles, A, B, or D, has action at only one joint?
Answer: B
Which muscle inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus?
Answer: C
Which muscle is an antagonist to the biceps brachii muscle?
Answer: D
Identity the inferred action of a muscle based upon the position of the muscle relative to the joint it crosses. The type of movement for "D" is ___. -a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction. -a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction. -a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion. -a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension.
Answer: A muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion.
Identify the inferred action of a muscle based upon the position of the muscle relative to the joint it crosses. The type of movement for "A" is ___. -a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension. -a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion. -a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction. -a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction.
Answer: A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction.
Identify the inferred action of a muscle based upon the position of the muscle relative to the joint it crosses. The type of movement for "B" is ___. -a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension. -a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction. -a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction. -a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion.
Answer: A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction.
Identify the inferred action of a muscle based upon the position of the muscle relative to the joint it crosses. The type of movement for "C" is ___. -a muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces abduction. -a muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension. -a muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction. -a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces flexion.
Answer: A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of a joint produces extension.
Sort the following: (One will not be used) Abduction Flexion Adduction Extension Rotation
Answer: A. Flexion B. Extension C. Abduction D. Adduction
Sort the following: Lateral side Medial side Anterior side Posterior side
Answer: A. Medial side B. Lateral side C. Anterior side D. Posterior side
Label the following appropriately: -Tibia-calcaneus joint -Humerus-ulna joint -Atlanto-occipital joint -Second-class lever -The action of lifting a shovel of snow -First-class lever
Answer: A. Second-class lever B. First-class lever C. Humerus-ulna joint D. Tibia-calcaneus joint E. The action of lifting a shovel of snow F. Atlanto-occipital joint
The pattern of fascicle arrangement of the muscle at "A" is ___. Pennate Parallel Circular Convergent Fusiform
Answer: Circular
The pattern of fascicle arrangement of the muscle at "B" is ___. Fusiform Parallel Circular Convergent Pennate
Answer: Convergent
The pattern of fascicle arrangement of the muscle at "D" is ___. Parallel Pennate Convergent Circular Fusiform
Answer: Parallel
The pattern of fascicle arrangement of the muscle at "E" is ___. Fusiform Pennate Parallel Convergent Circular
Answer: Pennate
Label the following appropriately: Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Sternocleidomastoid Serratus anterior
Answers: A. Pectoralis major B. Serratus anterior C. Sternocleidomastoid D. Pectoralis minor
Label the following appropriately: Trapezius Deltoid Triceps brachii Pronator teres Brachioradialis Biceps brachii
Answers: A. Pronator teres B. Trapezius C. Brachioradialis D. Biceps brachii E. Triceps brachii F. Deltoid
Label the following appropriately: Supraspinatus Teres major Teres minor Infraspinatus Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi
Answers: A. Teres minor B. Triceps brachii C. Supraspinatus D. Infraspinatus E. Latissimus dorsi F. Teres major
Label the following appropriately: Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Deltoid Infraspinatus Latissimus dorsi
Answers: A. Trapezius B. Sternocleidomastoid C. Levator scapulae D. Infraspinatus E. Rhomboid minor F. Latissimus dorsi G. Deltoid H. Rhomboid major
A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________. antagonist synergist fixator agonist (prime mover)
Antagonist.
Match the following muscle action with its appropriate term: Muscles that relax when the prime mover and synergists are contracting. Synergists Antagonists Agonists Prime movers
Antagonists
Which functional group has the major responsibility for countering a specific movement? fixators agonists antagonists synergists
Antagonists
__________ are muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement. Agonists Fixators Antagonists Synergists
Antagonists
Select the muscle compartment that flexes the wrist and fingers. Anterior compartment of forearm Posterior compartment of forearm Posterior compartment of arm Anterior compartment of arm
Anterior compartment of forearm
Match the word to its correct meaning: Brachium. Arm Short Straight Right angles Triangle
Arm
The hamstrings consist of three muscles located on the posterior thigh. Why is it recommended that a caregiver squat using these muscles to help a patient sit down? because it eliminates lifting belt use when moving adults because it permits the patient to be farther away because it forcibly flexes the caregiver's thighs because it prevents back muscle strain
Because it prevents back muscle strain.
Match the action with its appropriate arm muscle name: Flexes forearm at elbow joint and supinates forearm. Triceps brachii Anconeus Brachialis Biceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Match the following term relating to a lever system with its appropriate anatomical part: Effort. Elbow joint Biceps brachii Distal end of forearm, hand Radius
Biceps brachii
Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type? gastrocnemius tendon at the ankle: first-class lever biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever trapezius action on the atlanto-occipital joint; second-class lever triceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever
Biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever
Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type? biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever gastrocnemius tendon at the ankle: first-class lever trapezius action on the atlanto-occipital joint; second-class lever triceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever
Biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever.
Which set of muscles is primarily used when doing bar chin-ups? Biceps brachii muscle Deltoid muscle Biceps femoris muscle Triceps brachii muscle
Biceps brachii muscle
Match the action on the leg/knee joint with its appropriate muscle: Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee. Sartorius Gracilis Rectus femoris Biceps femoris I DON'T KNOW YET
Biceps femoris
Select the muscle that belongs to the hamstrings of the posterior thigh. Rectus femoris Biceps femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis
Biceps femoris
Match the following fascicle arrangement with its appropriate power generation or description: Circular. -Straplike with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but not usually very powerful -Close body openings by contracting -Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; do not shorten as much but are more powerful. -Has a broad origin; single tendon of insertion
Close body openings by contracting.
First-class levers ________. -are typified by tweezers or forceps -in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location -are used when standing on tip-toe -have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle
In the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location.
First-class levers ________. -are used when standing on tip-toe -in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location -have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle -are typified by tweezers or forceps
In the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location.
Match the action on the leg/knee joint with its appropriate muscle: Extends leg at knee and flexes thigh at hip. Sartorius Biceps femoris Gracilis Rectus femoris
Rectus femoris
Which statement is true of the triceps brachii but false of the biceps brachii? It extends the forearm. It is located in the anterior brachial region. It flexes the elbow. It has two muscle bellies.
It extends the forearm.
Match the action with its appropriate muscle name: Extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially. Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Supraspinatus Subscapularis
Latissimus dorsi
Often several criteria are combined in a naming a muscle. Which of the following is not described in the name extensor carpi radialis longus? Location of the muscle origin Muscle size Muscle action Muscle location
Location of the muscle origin
The names of the muscles can indicate all of the following, except __________. -the region of the body where the muscle is located -the direction of the muscle fibers relative to an imaginary line -structural characteristics of the muscle -myofibril composition of the muscle -action of the muscle
Myofibril composition of the muscle.
Which of the following statements about muscles of the elbow joint is true? The biceps brachii has two heads that share the same origin site. The biceps brachii is a posterior extensor. The brachioradialis originates and inserts on the ulna. None of these statements is correct.
None of these statements is correct.
Match the thigh/leg movement with its appropriate muscle name: Flexes and adducts thigh. Sartorius Pectineus Gluteus maximus Quadratus femoris
Pectineus
Which of the following describes the action of using a pry bar to move a heavy rock? Power lever working at a mechanical advantage Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Power lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Speed lever working at a mechanical advantage
Power lever working at a mechanical advantage
Which of the following describes the action of using a pry bar to move a heavy rock? Power lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Power lever working at a mechanical advantage Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Speed lever working at a mechanical advantage
Power lever working at a mechanical advantage
Which of the following describes the action of using a pry bar to move a heavy rock? Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Power lever working at a mechanical advantage Speed lever working at a mechanical advantage Power lever working at a mechanical disadvantage
Power lever working at a mechanical advantage.
Match the thigh/leg movement with its appropriate muscle name: Rotates thigh laterally and stabilizes hip joint. Pectineus Rectus femoris Quadratus femoris Gracilis
Quadratus femoris
The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________. rectus abdominis gastrocnemius gluteus maximus quadriceps femoris
Quadriceps femoris
Match the following term relating to a lever system with its appropriate anatomical part: Lever. Biceps brachii Distal end of forearm, hand Elbow joint Radius
Radius
Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever? flexing your knee to raise your heel toward your buttocks raising your head up off your chest standing on your toes lifting a rock with your right hand and arm
Raising your head up off your chest.
Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever? lifting a rock with your right hand and arm raising your head up off your chest flexing your knee to raise your heel toward your buttocks standing on your toes
Raising your head up off your chest.
Which muscle flexes and rotates the lumbar region of the vertebral column? This muscle extends vertically from the lower sternum to the pubis. Transversus abdominis External oblique Rectus abdominis Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Match the word to its correct meaning: Transversus. Triangle Straight Right angles Arm Short
Right angles
Match the action on the leg/knee joint with its appropriate muscle: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh. Rectus femoris Gracilis Sartorius Biceps femoris
Sartorius
Which of the following statements about second-class levers is correct? -Second-class levers have a wide range of motion. -Second-class levers work at a mechanical disadvantage. -Second-class levers are speed levers. -Second-class levers have great strength, but are slow and have little range of motion.
Second-class levers have great strength, but are slow and have little range of motion.
Select the muscle that is sometimes called the "boxer's muscle" because its actions include horizontal arm movements used for pushing and punching. Biceps brachii Serratus anterior Latissimus dorsi Rectus abdominis
Serratus anterior
Match the word to its correct meaning: Brevis. Triangle Short Right angles Straight Arm
Short
Why is the body position of both a post-surgical patient and the caregiver critical in performing a safe patient move from bed to chair? because patients are not expected to exert any effort so that the caregiver can support patient's full body weight so that lifting leverage can be properly applied so that surgical wound stitches are not pulled apart
So that lifting leverage can be properly applied.
Match the action on the ankle/foot with its appropriate muscle: Plantar flexes foot and is important in posture. Gastrocnemius Soleus Fibularis (peroneus) brevis Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Which of the following describes the action of a heavy acrobat jumping onto the short end of a seesaw and propelling his lighter partner high into the air? Power lever working at a mechanical advantage Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage Speed lever working at a mechanical advantage Power lever working at a mechanical disadvantage
Speed lever working at a mechanical disadvantage
The rhomboideus minor muscle originates on which process on the vertebrae? Pedicle Posterior process Transverse process Spinous process
Spinous process
Match the following type of lever with its appropriate example: Second-class lever. Standing on tip-toe Lifting your head off your chest Flexing the forearm with the biceps brachii None of the choices is correct.
Standing on tip-toe
Match the following description of muscles that move the head and trunk with its appropriate name: Flexes and laterally rotates the head. Splenius Iliocostalis Semispinalis Sternocleidomastoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Match the word to its correct meaning: Rectus. Right angles Straight Short Arm Abdominal Triangle
Straight
Match the following fascicle arrangement with the appropriate power generation or description: Parallel. -Has a broad origin; single tendon of insertion -Fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle; do not shorten as much but are more powerful. -Straplike with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but not usually very powerful -Close body openings by contracting
Straplike with an expanded belly; great ability to shorten but not usually very powerful
When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle? -The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively. -The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively. -The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively. -The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
Which of the following statements is correct? -The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be. -Muscle fibers running in parallel arrangement generate more power. -The more a muscle shortens, the more power it generates. -Multipennate muscles do not produce much power because the fibers run in many directions
The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be.
Match the following term relating to a lever system with its correct function or description: Load. The fixed point upon which a lever moves A rigid bar that moves on a fixed point The applied force The resistance
The resistance
Which of the following muscles divides the neck into two triangles? The spinalis The sternocleidomastoid The platysma The digastric
The sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following statements is correct regarding muscle position and its related action? -A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of the hip joint produces adduction. -A muscle that crosses the ankle joint posteriorly produces adduction. -The deltoid crosses the shoulder joint medially to produce abduction. -The teres major crosses on the medial side of the shoulder joint to produce adduction.
The teres major crosses on the medial side of the shoulder joint to produce adduction.
Why are the muscles that move the fingers and wrist located in the forearm? This design allows the hand and fingers to have greater sensitivity to environmental stimuli. This design allows the hand to maintain fine motor control and strength without the interference of bulky muscles. This design allows the muscles to contract more rapidly. This design allows for less torque strength by the tendons of the fingers.
This design allows the hand to maintain fine motor control and strength without the interference of bulky muscles.
The __________ is the prime mover of dorsiflexion of the foot. gastrocnemius popliteus soleus tibialis anterior
Tibialis anterior
Which muscle laterally parallels the sharp anterior margin of the tibia? Tibialis posterior Tibialis anterior Flexor digitorum longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis longus
Tibialis anterior
Select the muscle that is named for the direction of its fibers. Gluteus maximus Deltoid Temporalis Transversus abdominis Adductor longus
Transversus abdominis
Match the word to its correct meaning: Deltoid. Triangle Short Right angles Arm Trapezoid Straight
Triangle
________ is a powerful forearm extensor at the elbow joint. Brachialis Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Brachioradialis
Triceps brachii
A wheelbarrow is a good example of a second-class lever. T / F
True
Muscles are only able to pull, they never push. T / F
True
Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators. T / F
True
Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage. T / F
True
The anterior axial muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the pectoralis major muscle. T / F
True
The anterior compartment of the thigh is involved in lower leg extension. T / F
True
The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. T / F
True
Select the muscle that belongs to the quadriceps femoris of the anterior compartment of the thigh. Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Vastus medialis Semimembranosus
Vastus medialis
Match the word to its correct meaning: Carpi. Rib Triangle Right angles Short Straight Wrist
Wrist
The teres major adducts the arm but does not __________ the arm. medially rotate or extend extend medially rotates abduct
abduct
The middle fibers of the deltoid muscle __________. abduct the arm adduct the arm laterally rotate the arm medially rotate the arm
abduct the arm
The tensor fascia latae is involved in hip __________. adduction lateral rotation abduction extension
abduction
The location of the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the glenohumoral joint minimizes the upward pressure against the __________. coracoid process of the scapula clavicle acromion of the scapula humerus
acromion of the scapula
The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to __________. provide the only connection between the arm and the axial skeleton provide the only connection between the humerus and the scapula act as an attachment site for muscles that move the arm act as an attachment point for the rotator cuff muscles
act as an attachment site for muscles that move the arm
One of the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle is to __________. lateral rotation of the arm adduct the arm abduct the arm flex the arm
adduct the arm
The primary action of muscle on the medial compartment of the thigh is ________. abduction of the thigh flexion of the thigh adduction of the thigh extension of the thigh
adduction of the thigh
Which of the following muscles is named for its action? gluteus minimus adductor longus biceps brachii frontalis
adductor longus
The medial muscles of the hip joint that insert on the linea aspera are the __________. pectineus, adductor magnus, and adductor longus adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus gracilis, adductor magnus, pectineus, and adductor longus adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and pectineus
adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus
Which of the following is not true of the deep fascia of the leg? aids in venous return separates anterior and posterior muscles an insertion for the majority of lower leg muscles prevents excess swelling of the muscles
an insertion for the majority of lower leg muscles
The origin of the rectus femoris is the ____________. anterior inferior iliac spine linea aspera greater trochanter anterior femur
anterior inferior iliac spine
The deltoid muscle fibers are separated into __________. lateral, medial, and proximal superficial and deep superior, middle, and inferior anterior, middle, and posterior
anterior, middle, and posterior
Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? vastus medialis biceps femoris vastus lateralis rectus femoris
biceps femoris
The soleus and the gastrocnemius share an insertion on the __________. calcaneus fibula medial cuneiform distal phalanx
calcaneus
Sphincters have a __________ arrangement of fascicles. convergent parallel circular pennate
circular
The pectoral girdle consists of the __________. clavicle, scapula, and humerus scapula and humerus clavicle and scapula clavicle and humerus
clavicle and scapula
The pectoralis major muscle can be divided into groups of fibers superior, or __________, and inferior, or __________. scapular; humeral humeral; scapular sternocostal; clavicular clavicular; sternocostal
clavicular; sternocostal
Muscles are named based on all the criteria below except ________. color of the muscle direction of muscle fibers number of origins action of the muscle
color of the muscle
Which of the following are correctly matched? convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle circular arrangement of fascicles; describes the deltoid muscle parallel arrangement of fascicles; characteristic of sphincter muscles pennate arrangement of fascicles; spindle-shaped muscle
convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle
The coracobrachialis muscle originates on the __________. medial surface of the humeral shaft coracoid process of the scapula radial tuberosity greater tuberosity of the humerus
coracoid process of the scapula
The brachialis muscle is located __________ to the biceps brachii muscle. superficially superiorly deep laterally
deep
The forearm muscles can be divided into anterior flexors and posterior extensors, as well as __________. proximal and distal layer scephalic and caudal layers femoral and abdominal layers deep and superficial layers
deep and superficial layers
Muscles of the shoulder can be divided into groups based on __________. location (anterior and posterior) size location (superior and inferior) distribution and functional relationships
distribution and functional relationships
A muscle located on the anterior surface of the thigh will ________ the knee, whereas a muscle on the posterior surface will ________ the knee. flex, extend extend, flex adduct, abduct abduct, adduct
extend, flex
The gluteus maximus is the most powerful muscle during __________. flexion lateral rotation medial rotation extension
extension
The prime mover of wrist extension is the __________. extensor digitorum extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum
The two muscles that insert on the fifth phalanx or on the fifth metatarsal are the __________. fibularis tertius and extensor hallucis longus fibularis longus and extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus and fibularis longus extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
This muscle is named for the direction of its fibers. external oblique tibialis anterior sartorius gluteus maximus
external oblique
The muscular wall of the abdomen is in part composed of __________. external oblique and rectus muscles muscles of mastication erector spinae muscles digastric muscles glossus muscles
external oblique and rectus muscles
If a lever operates at a mechanical advantage, it means that the ________. lever system is useless load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum.
To keep the humeral head centered within the glenoidal cavity the rotator cuff muscles must be __________. located in the same plane located distally located anteriorly located posteriorly
located in the same plane
To keep the humeral head centered within the glenoidal cavity the rotator cuff muscles must be __________. located posteriorly located anteriorly located in the same plane located distally
located in the same plane
The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________. mastoid process of the temporal bone clavicle sternum platysma
mastoid process of the temporal bone
An insertion of the fibularis longus is the __________. base of metatarsal two distal phalanx of digit one medial cuneiform base of metatarsal five
medial cuneiform
The key actions of the pectoralis major muscle are __________. lateral rotation and abduction shoulder extension and adduction elbow flexion and elbow extension medial rotation and adduction
medial rotation and adduction
All of the following insert onto the humerus EXCEPT __________. none of the above supraspinatus deltoid teres major
none of the above
The latissimus dorsi inserts __________. on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus on the greater tubercle of the humerus on the intertubercular groove of the humerus on the lesser tubercle of the humerus
on the intertubercular groove of the humerus
The most powerful movement at the ankle joint is __________, and the ________ is one of the prime movers of this movement. plantar flexion; gastrocnemius dorsiflexion; gastrocnemius dorsiflexion; tibialis anterior plantar flexion; tibialis anterior
plantar flexion; gastrocnemius
To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint. biceps femoris popliteus semimembranosus sartorius
popliteus
Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? tibialis posterior gastrocnemius and soleus flexor digitorum longus popliteus
popliteus
The biceps femoris is located in the __________. anterior arm posterior arm posterior thigh anterior thigh
posterior thigh
The muscles that extend the forearm are located __________. posteriorly laterally anteriorly medially
posteriorly
The ball and socket joint in the hip is similar to the ball and socket joint of the shoulder but is designed more for __________ than ___________. power; precision precision; speed speed; precision precision; power
power; precision
All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________. axillary nerve ulnar nerve humeral nerve radial nerve
radial nerve
The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________. radial notch ulnar notch olecranon process radial tuberosity
radial tuberosity
The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle come together distally to insert on the __________. ulnar tuberosity radial tuberosity styloid process of the radius deltoid tuberosity
radial tuberosity
The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle converge distally to insert on the __________. ulnar notch scapula ulna radial tuberosity
radial tuberosity
Which of the following muscles fixes and stabilizes the pelvis during walking? external oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis internal oblique
rectus abdominis
The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________. biceps femoris semimembranosus rectus femoris semitendinosus
rectus femoris
Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor? biceps femoris gluteus maximus rectus femoris vastus lateralis
rectus femoris
Which of the following are correctly matched? transverse; parallel to the long axis brevis; long deltoid; at a right angle to the long axis rectus; straight
rectus; straight
The piriformis originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________. ischium; lesser trochanter of the femur sacrum; lesser trochanter of the femur ischium; greater trochanter of the femur sacrum; greater trochanter of the femur
sacrum; greater trochanter of the femur
The anterior muscles of the thigh that originate on the os coxae are __________. sartorius; vastus medialis vastus lateralis; vastus medialis rectus femoris; vastus medialis sartorius; rectus femoris
sartorius; rectus femoris
Which movement results after the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle? scapular protraction and rotation scapular retraction scapular elevation abduction of the humerus
scapular protraction and rotation
All fibers of the trapezius muscle are innervated by the __________. coxal nerve axillary nerve scapular nerve spinal accessory nerve
spinal accessory nerve
The major head flexor muscles are the __________. splenius muscles sternocleidomastoid muscle scalene muscles trapezius muscles
sternocleidomastoid muscle
Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? infraspinatus; abduction supraspinatus; lateral rotation subscapularis; medial rotation teres minor; adduction
subscapularis; medial rotation
Which of the following groups of muscles are not muscles of the shoulder? the rotator cuff muscles the anterior flexor muscles muscles that act on the pectoral girdle muscles that stabilize and cross the glenohumeral joint
the anterior flexor muscles
The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle converge to insert onto __________. digits two through five the middle phalanx of digit one the calcaneus the posterior surface of the tibia
the calcaneus
Where are the origins of the muscles that provide the more powerful movement of the fingers? the forearm the arm the wrist the palm of the hand
the forearm
Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon? the tibialis anterior the semitendinosus the gastrocnemius the sartorius
the gastrocnemius
Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________. the location of their origin and insertion their relative size their shape the direction of their muscle fibers
the location of their origin and insertion
Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? the nervous system's control of the muscle the number of origins for the muscle the location of the muscle the shape of the muscle the locations of the muscle attachments
the nervous system's control of the muscle
What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle? the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction the length the number of neurons innervating it the shape
the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction
Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles? muscle location the type of action they cause the type of muscle fibers muscle shape
the type of muscle fibers
Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________. calf hip knee thigh
thigh
Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs? lateral rotators hamstrings thigh adductors quadriceps
thigh adductors
If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF? first-class lever second-class lever third-class lever fourth-class lever
third-class lever
The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the __________. tibial nerve ulnar nerve fibular nerve plantar nerve
tibial nerve
A superficial muscle of the leg, this one dorsiflexes the foot. soleus fibularis longus tibialis anterior gastrocnemius
tibialis anterior
The prime mover of dorsiflexion is the __________. extensor digitorum longus tibialis anterior fibularis tertius extensor hallucis longus
tibialis anterior
The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action? to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus
to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus
The main forearm extensor is the __________. coracobrachialis triceps brachii brachilais biceps brachii
triceps brachii
This name reveals the number of the muscle's origins. pectoralis major triceps brachii adductor longus temporalis
triceps brachii
All of the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus have one of two functions. Which of the following pairs is correct? wrist extension and forearm supination forearm flexion and wrist flexion wrist flexion and forearm pronation wrist flexion and supination
wrist flexion and forearm pronation
