Anatomy Final Chapter 4

Explain why a pseudostratified epithelium is not truly stratified

All the cells form a single layer and contact the basement membrane

Why do the pharynx, esophagus, anus, and vagina have a similar epithelial organization?

All these sites are subject to physical stresses and abrasion

________ tissues combine to form body membranes that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.

Epithelia and connective

Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces of the body?

Epithelial

Describe the role of fibroblasts in connective tissue.

Fibroblasts secrete hyaluronic acid and proteins that rom the ground substance and create the extracellular fibers.

The type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs is ________ cartilage.

Fibrous

Which type of tissue contracts to produce movements?

Muscle

Which type of tissue conducts electrical impulses?

Neural

________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another.

Tendons; ligaments

Describe the changes in appearance of the transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder as stretching occurs.

The cells become flatter

What is the functional significance of gap junctions?

They permit chemical communication (diffusion of ions and small molecules) that coordinates the activities of adjacent cells

What is a tissue?

a group of similar cells and their cell products

Cells that store fat are called

adipocytes

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?

apocrine

In ________ growth, cartilage grows wider or thicker in diameter.

appositional

The ________ is the part of a neuron that conducts the signal to other cells.

axon

Which structures separate epithelial tissue from connective tissue?

basement membranes

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

bone

All of the following are connective tissue proper, except -eticular. -adipose. -cartilage. -loose areolar. -dense regular.

cartilage

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

collagen, reticular, and elastic

Which of the four tissue membranes is relatively waterproof and usually dry?

cutaneous

In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?

desmosomes

What two types of tissues contribute to the formation and maintenance of the basement membrane?

epithelial and connective tissue

Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells is open to the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably

epithelium

Cells that are specialized for secretion

exhibit polarity

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

fibroblasts

Blood belongs to which of the following types of connective tissue?

fluid connective tissue

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found

forming the kidney tubules

Elastic cartilage is found

in the ear

Endocrine glands empty their products into ________ and are referred to as ________ glands, while exocrine gland secretions empty into ________ or onto surfaces.

interstitial fluid; ductless; ducts

Unlike cartilage, bone

is highly vascular

The epithelial tissue that covers skin is classified as

keratinized stratified squamous

Simple columnar epithelia are found

lining the gallbladder.

Transitional epithelium is found

lining the urinary bladder

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

male reproductive tract.

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.

muscle

During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is least likely in the region of the injury?

pale, cold skin

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

peritoneum

List four essential functions of epithelial tissue

provides physical protection, controls permeability, provides sensation, and produces specialized secretions

The epithelial cells that are flat, thin and have one layer are called

simple squamous

Of the following tissues, which has the least ability to regenerate after injury

skeletal muscle

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle

smooth

Functions of epithelia include all of the following except -producing specialized secretions. -controlling permeability. -supporting muscle cells. -providing physical protection. -absorption.

supporting muscle cells

What are the four indications of inflammation that occur following an injury?

swelling, redness, heat, and pain

What makes a connective tissue "loose" or "dense"?

the packing or volume of fibers

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except -transporting substances throughout the body. -supporting epithelia. -storing fats. -serving as packing material. -anchoring blood vessels and nerves.

transporting substances throughout the body.

The three kinds of formed elements in blood are

white cells, red cells, and platelets