Anatomy Final Chapter 4
Explain why a pseudostratified epithelium is not truly stratified
All the cells form a single layer and contact the basement membrane
Why do the pharynx, esophagus, anus, and vagina have a similar epithelial organization?
All these sites are subject to physical stresses and abrasion
________ tissues combine to form body membranes that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.
Epithelia and connective
Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces of the body?
Epithelial
Describe the role of fibroblasts in connective tissue.
Fibroblasts secrete hyaluronic acid and proteins that rom the ground substance and create the extracellular fibers.
The type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs is ________ cartilage.
Fibrous
Which type of tissue contracts to produce movements?
Muscle
Which type of tissue conducts electrical impulses?
Neural
________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another.
Tendons; ligaments
Describe the changes in appearance of the transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder as stretching occurs.
The cells become flatter
What is the functional significance of gap junctions?
They permit chemical communication (diffusion of ions and small molecules) that coordinates the activities of adjacent cells
What is a tissue?
a group of similar cells and their cell products
Cells that store fat are called
adipocytes
Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?
apocrine
In ________ growth, cartilage grows wider or thicker in diameter.
appositional
The ________ is the part of a neuron that conducts the signal to other cells.
axon
Which structures separate epithelial tissue from connective tissue?
basement membranes
Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
bone
All of the following are connective tissue proper, except -eticular. -adipose. -cartilage. -loose areolar. -dense regular.
cartilage
The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
collagen, reticular, and elastic
Which of the four tissue membranes is relatively waterproof and usually dry?
cutaneous
In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?
desmosomes
What two types of tissues contribute to the formation and maintenance of the basement membrane?
epithelial and connective tissue
Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells is open to the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably
epithelium
Cells that are specialized for secretion
exhibit polarity
Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?
fibroblasts
Blood belongs to which of the following types of connective tissue?
fluid connective tissue
Simple cuboidal epithelium is found
forming the kidney tubules
Elastic cartilage is found
in the ear
Endocrine glands empty their products into ________ and are referred to as ________ glands, while exocrine gland secretions empty into ________ or onto surfaces.
interstitial fluid; ductless; ducts
Unlike cartilage, bone
is highly vascular
The epithelial tissue that covers skin is classified as
keratinized stratified squamous
Simple columnar epithelia are found
lining the gallbladder.
Transitional epithelium is found
lining the urinary bladder
You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the
male reproductive tract.
Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.
muscle
During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is least likely in the region of the injury?
pale, cold skin
The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
peritoneum
List four essential functions of epithelial tissue
provides physical protection, controls permeability, provides sensation, and produces specialized secretions
The epithelial cells that are flat, thin and have one layer are called
simple squamous
Of the following tissues, which has the least ability to regenerate after injury
skeletal muscle
The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle
smooth
Functions of epithelia include all of the following except -producing specialized secretions. -controlling permeability. -supporting muscle cells. -providing physical protection. -absorption.
supporting muscle cells
What are the four indications of inflammation that occur following an injury?
swelling, redness, heat, and pain
What makes a connective tissue "loose" or "dense"?
the packing or volume of fibers
Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except -transporting substances throughout the body. -supporting epithelia. -storing fats. -serving as packing material. -anchoring blood vessels and nerves.
transporting substances throughout the body.
The three kinds of formed elements in blood are
white cells, red cells, and platelets