Anatomy Final Exam

The alveolar cells make up most of the wall of each alveolus and allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases

Type 1

Which cells produce pulmonary surfactant?

Type II alveolar cells

The mucosa of which of the following female reproductive structures is are lined by stratified squamous epithelium?

Vagina

Which of the following best describes the path of filtered plasma as it passes through the uriniferous tubule

Glomerular capsulem proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

Which testicular cells help deliver sperm to the epididymis by contracting rhythmically

Myoid

Which of the following is a part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

Alveoli, Alveolar ducts, Respiratory bronchioles

Some bronchi have name such as the "right upper-lobe bronchus" "left lobar bronchus" and "right middle lobe bronchus" These are ___________ bronchi.

Secondary

Which of the following structures secretes fluid that contributes to semen?

Seminal vesicles and prostate

Which of the following best describes the order of the passage of sperm through the male reproductive tact, beginning where sperm develop?

Seminiferous tubules, rete testis, epididymis ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct

About 85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney

cortical

Involuntary contraction of this smooth muscle layer wrinkles and thickens the wall of the scrotum?

dartos muscle

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder

detrusor muscle

The ovarian cortex consists of ___________________

developing follicles

What type of epithelium lines the respiratory mucosa

dilated, presudostratified columnar epithelium

In the juxtaglomerular complex the macula dense is part of which structure?

distal convoluted tubule

In the ovary a difference between a primary follicle and a primordial follicle is that ________________

The primordial follicle has only a single layer of squamous follicular cells whereas the primary follicle is comprised of cuboidal follicle cells

In the kidney, which blood vessels directly give rise to the afferent arterioles?

interlobular (radiate arteries)

Which of the following is the correct order of arterial blood flow through the kidney beginning from the renal sinus to the renal cortex

interlobular arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular (radiating) arteries, afferent arterioles

The zona pellucida

is a protective shell around the oocyte that sperm must penetrate for fertilization to occur

Which of the following statements about the nasopharynx is FALSE?

it is lined by stratified squamous epithelium

These nephrons have long loops of Henle that dip deep into the renal medulla

juxtamedullary

About 15% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney

juxttamedullary

The female homologue of the male scrotum is the ______________

labia majora

Which of the following is NOT found in the renal corpuscle

loop of Henle

which of the following segments of the uriniferous tubule has a simple squamous epithelium

lower descending limb of the loop of henle

The cells of the distal convoluted tubule that monitor the sodium concentration of the filtrate are known as the ___________

macula densa

The mesentery that supports the uterine tubes is known as the

mesosalpnix

In mature sperm metabolic energy for locomotion is provided by mitochondria located primarily in the ________________

midpiece

In the kidney collecting ducts directly drain directly into the ______________

minor calices

This layer of the uterus contains smooth muscle that contacts during childbirth

myometrium

In the kidney these blood vessels emerge from the efferent arterioles to surround the renal tubules in the renal cortex

peritubular capillaries

Which of the following protective tissues of the kidney lies closest to the abdominal wall, i.e. is most superficial?

posterior renal fasciae

The descriptive term of the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity is ___________

primary retroperitoneal

An oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened squamous shaped follicle cells is known as

primordial follicle

What type of epithelium occurs in the respiratory mucosa?

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelial

what type of epithelium lines the epididymis

pseudostratified columnar

An anatomy student was asked to identify a "mystery" tissue on a histology test. The student immediately identified it as renal cortex because of the presence of scattered _____________

renal corpuscles

Immediately before it enters the ureter urine collects in the

renal pelvis

In the kidney urine drains from each major calyx into the _____________ before it enters the ureter.

renal pelvis

This structure connects the seminiferous tubules within the testes to the head of the epididymis

rete testes

This structure consists of an inter-connecting network of tubules that connect seminiferous tubules with the head of the epididymis

rete testis

The medial opening between the vocal cords through which air passes is the _________

rima golttidos

While examining a microscopic specimen of lung tissue, an anatomy student identified a structure as being part of the bronchial tree. The structure was lined by respiratory mucosa and contained numerous cartilage plates in its wall. This structure is most likely ____________

secondary or tertiary bronchus

regarding respiratory mucosa, the function of goblet cells is to _____________

secrete mucus into the respiratory tracts

The type of epithelium that lines the uterine tubes is

simple columnar

of the following the only epithelial type that does NOT line any portion of the urethra is __________________

simple squamous (does have transitional pseudo stratified columnar, and stratified squamous and columnar)

Which of the following statements about the conducting zone of the respiratory system is FALSE?

simple squamous epithelium lines the bronchioles

In the lung, the fluid that reduces the surface tension within alveoli to prevent their walls from sticking together is ________; it is produced by ___________ cells

surfactant: type II alveolar

The terminal ends of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract consists of the

terminal bronchioles

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

they cause turbulent air flow within the nasal cavity

Which of the following segments of the uriniferous tubule has a simple squamous epithelium?

thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle

The largest of the laryngeal cartilages is the shield shaped the. laryngeal prominence or "Adam's apple"

thyroid cartilage

Which of the following components of the larynx consists of a "shield" of hyaline cartilage containing the laryngeal prominence or Adam's apple?

thyroid cartilage

This type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the ureters urinary bladder and first part of the urethra?

transitional epithelium

In the lung which of the following most accurately describes the diffusion barrier for gases across the wall of alveoli?

type I alveolar cells, capillary endothelial cells, and the fused basal laminae from both these cell types

The long looping blood vessels that surround the loops of Henle and collecting ducts pithing the renal pyramids of the kidney are the ___________

vasa recta

The anatomical region of the nasal cavity containing nose hairs is the

vestibule

in the kidney the layer of podocytes is the same as the ______________

visceral layer of glomerular capsule

The _________ covers the opening to the larynx when we swallow food

epiglottis

Alveolar pores _______________

equalize air pressure throughout all the alveoli

Sperm are moved into the epididymis from the testis by________

fluid produced by Sertoli cells and contractions of myoid cells

This layer of the uterus detaches and passes out of the vagina at the end of the menstrual cycle?

functional layer of endometrium

the main function of the numerous blood vessels in the respiratory mucosa is ___________

gas exchange between inhaled air and the blood

The cells that produce androgen (testosterone) are located ____________

in the loose connective tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules

Supportive cartilage disappears completely from the bronchial tree at the level of the?

(bronchioles in the right answer)

In the kidney, juxtaomerular cells that secrete renin are located around which type of blood vessel?

Afferent Arterioles

The cell type in the testes that produces androgen (testosterone) is ___________

Leydig (interstitial)

An oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells is known as a ___________

Mature (Graffian) Follicle

the mucosal folds in the urinary bladder ____________

accommodate stretch of the bladder as the bladder fills

Enzymes that are nesscary for fertilization are located within the _______ of mature spermatozoa

acrosome

Juxtaglomerular cells which secrete the hormone renin are associated with these blood vessels

afferent arteriole

the guild filled cavity in a mature ovarian follicle is known as the ____________

antrum

The vocal ligaments attach between the thyroid cartilage and the ___________ of the larynx

arytenoid cartilages

Which of the following is NOT part of the filtration membrane in the kidney?

basement membranes of both type I alveolar cells and pulmonary capillaries

Supportive cartilage that consists of numerous cartilage plates replaces ring shaped cartilages in which of the following bronchial tree structures.

both secondary and tertiary bronchi

this type of airway of the respiratory system is devoid of ant cartilage in its wall

bronchiole

Respiratory mucosa is present throughout each. of the following structures EXCEPT

bronchioles

Respiratory muscosa is present throughout each of the following areas EXCEPT the ___________

bronchioles

Supportive cartilage disappears entirely from the wall of the bronchial the ______________

bronchioles

The region of the lung saved by a tertiary (segmental) bronchus

bronchopulmonary segment

In males, an erection is caused by _________________

cavernous spaces within erectile bodies filling with blood

inspired air is cleansed of most foreign substance by the __________

ciliated epithelium and mucus that line the respirartory

After ovulation the follicular cells of the mature that remain in the ovary are transformed in the_______

corpus luteum

which of the following structures contains the penile urethra?

corpus spongiosum

Microscopically, distal convoluted tubules in the kidney can be distinguished from proximal convoluted based on

the distal convoluted tubules have a larger diameter lumen

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

the eliminate the turbulence in the flow of air through the nasal cavity

All of the following are located within the spermatic cords EXCEPT ____________________

the epididymis

where are leydig cells specifically located?

the loose connective surrounding seminiferous tubules

In the ovary a difference between a primary follicle and a primordial follicle is that _____________

the primordial follicle has only a single layer of flat, squamous follicular cells, whereas the primary follicle has a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells

Microscopically, proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney can be distinguished from distal convoluted tubules based on _________

the proximal tubule cells have prominent brush borders whereas brush borders are absent from the distal tubule cells

The structural basis of the blood testis barrier is__________________

the tight junctions between Sertoli cells

In addition to granulosa cells, these cells contribute to the outermost layer late secondary and mature follicles in the ovary?

theca cells

In addition to granulosa cells which of the following cells make uptake wall of late secondary follicles?

theca cells (oocytes as well not on the test)

In addition to remaining granulosa cells which of the following cell types make up the corpus luteum?

thecal cells