Anatomy Final Exam
The alveolar cells make up most of the wall of each alveolus and allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases
Type 1
Which cells produce pulmonary surfactant?
Type II alveolar cells
The mucosa of which of the following female reproductive structures is are lined by stratified squamous epithelium?
Vagina
Which of the following best describes the path of filtered plasma as it passes through the uriniferous tubule
Glomerular capsulem proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
Which testicular cells help deliver sperm to the epididymis by contracting rhythmically
Myoid
Which of the following is a part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
Alveoli, Alveolar ducts, Respiratory bronchioles
Some bronchi have name such as the "right upper-lobe bronchus" "left lobar bronchus" and "right middle lobe bronchus" These are ___________ bronchi.
Secondary
Which of the following structures secretes fluid that contributes to semen?
Seminal vesicles and prostate
Which of the following best describes the order of the passage of sperm through the male reproductive tact, beginning where sperm develop?
Seminiferous tubules, rete testis, epididymis ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct
About 85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney
cortical
Involuntary contraction of this smooth muscle layer wrinkles and thickens the wall of the scrotum?
dartos muscle
Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder
detrusor muscle
The ovarian cortex consists of ___________________
developing follicles
What type of epithelium lines the respiratory mucosa
dilated, presudostratified columnar epithelium
In the juxtaglomerular complex the macula dense is part of which structure?
distal convoluted tubule
In the ovary a difference between a primary follicle and a primordial follicle is that ________________
The primordial follicle has only a single layer of squamous follicular cells whereas the primary follicle is comprised of cuboidal follicle cells
In the kidney, which blood vessels directly give rise to the afferent arterioles?
interlobular (radiate arteries)
Which of the following is the correct order of arterial blood flow through the kidney beginning from the renal sinus to the renal cortex
interlobular arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular (radiating) arteries, afferent arterioles
The zona pellucida
is a protective shell around the oocyte that sperm must penetrate for fertilization to occur
Which of the following statements about the nasopharynx is FALSE?
it is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
These nephrons have long loops of Henle that dip deep into the renal medulla
juxtamedullary
About 15% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney
juxttamedullary
The female homologue of the male scrotum is the ______________
labia majora
Which of the following is NOT found in the renal corpuscle
loop of Henle
which of the following segments of the uriniferous tubule has a simple squamous epithelium
lower descending limb of the loop of henle
The cells of the distal convoluted tubule that monitor the sodium concentration of the filtrate are known as the ___________
macula densa
The mesentery that supports the uterine tubes is known as the
mesosalpnix
In mature sperm metabolic energy for locomotion is provided by mitochondria located primarily in the ________________
midpiece
In the kidney collecting ducts directly drain directly into the ______________
minor calices
This layer of the uterus contains smooth muscle that contacts during childbirth
myometrium
In the kidney these blood vessels emerge from the efferent arterioles to surround the renal tubules in the renal cortex
peritubular capillaries
Which of the following protective tissues of the kidney lies closest to the abdominal wall, i.e. is most superficial?
posterior renal fasciae
The descriptive term of the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity is ___________
primary retroperitoneal
An oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened squamous shaped follicle cells is known as
primordial follicle
What type of epithelium occurs in the respiratory mucosa?
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelial
what type of epithelium lines the epididymis
pseudostratified columnar
An anatomy student was asked to identify a "mystery" tissue on a histology test. The student immediately identified it as renal cortex because of the presence of scattered _____________
renal corpuscles
Immediately before it enters the ureter urine collects in the
renal pelvis
In the kidney urine drains from each major calyx into the _____________ before it enters the ureter.
renal pelvis
This structure connects the seminiferous tubules within the testes to the head of the epididymis
rete testes
This structure consists of an inter-connecting network of tubules that connect seminiferous tubules with the head of the epididymis
rete testis
The medial opening between the vocal cords through which air passes is the _________
rima golttidos
While examining a microscopic specimen of lung tissue, an anatomy student identified a structure as being part of the bronchial tree. The structure was lined by respiratory mucosa and contained numerous cartilage plates in its wall. This structure is most likely ____________
secondary or tertiary bronchus
regarding respiratory mucosa, the function of goblet cells is to _____________
secrete mucus into the respiratory tracts
The type of epithelium that lines the uterine tubes is
simple columnar
of the following the only epithelial type that does NOT line any portion of the urethra is __________________
simple squamous (does have transitional pseudo stratified columnar, and stratified squamous and columnar)
Which of the following statements about the conducting zone of the respiratory system is FALSE?
simple squamous epithelium lines the bronchioles
In the lung, the fluid that reduces the surface tension within alveoli to prevent their walls from sticking together is ________; it is produced by ___________ cells
surfactant: type II alveolar
The terminal ends of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract consists of the
terminal bronchioles
What is the function of the nasal conchae?
they cause turbulent air flow within the nasal cavity
Which of the following segments of the uriniferous tubule has a simple squamous epithelium?
thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle
The largest of the laryngeal cartilages is the shield shaped the. laryngeal prominence or "Adam's apple"
thyroid cartilage
Which of the following components of the larynx consists of a "shield" of hyaline cartilage containing the laryngeal prominence or Adam's apple?
thyroid cartilage
This type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the ureters urinary bladder and first part of the urethra?
transitional epithelium
In the lung which of the following most accurately describes the diffusion barrier for gases across the wall of alveoli?
type I alveolar cells, capillary endothelial cells, and the fused basal laminae from both these cell types
The long looping blood vessels that surround the loops of Henle and collecting ducts pithing the renal pyramids of the kidney are the ___________
vasa recta
The anatomical region of the nasal cavity containing nose hairs is the
vestibule
in the kidney the layer of podocytes is the same as the ______________
visceral layer of glomerular capsule
The _________ covers the opening to the larynx when we swallow food
epiglottis
Alveolar pores _______________
equalize air pressure throughout all the alveoli
Sperm are moved into the epididymis from the testis by________
fluid produced by Sertoli cells and contractions of myoid cells
This layer of the uterus detaches and passes out of the vagina at the end of the menstrual cycle?
functional layer of endometrium
the main function of the numerous blood vessels in the respiratory mucosa is ___________
gas exchange between inhaled air and the blood
The cells that produce androgen (testosterone) are located ____________
in the loose connective tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules
Supportive cartilage disappears completely from the bronchial tree at the level of the?
(bronchioles in the right answer)
In the kidney, juxtaomerular cells that secrete renin are located around which type of blood vessel?
Afferent Arterioles
The cell type in the testes that produces androgen (testosterone) is ___________
Leydig (interstitial)
An oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells is known as a ___________
Mature (Graffian) Follicle
the mucosal folds in the urinary bladder ____________
accommodate stretch of the bladder as the bladder fills
Enzymes that are nesscary for fertilization are located within the _______ of mature spermatozoa
acrosome
Juxtaglomerular cells which secrete the hormone renin are associated with these blood vessels
afferent arteriole
the guild filled cavity in a mature ovarian follicle is known as the ____________
antrum
The vocal ligaments attach between the thyroid cartilage and the ___________ of the larynx
arytenoid cartilages
Which of the following is NOT part of the filtration membrane in the kidney?
basement membranes of both type I alveolar cells and pulmonary capillaries
Supportive cartilage that consists of numerous cartilage plates replaces ring shaped cartilages in which of the following bronchial tree structures.
both secondary and tertiary bronchi
this type of airway of the respiratory system is devoid of ant cartilage in its wall
bronchiole
Respiratory mucosa is present throughout each. of the following structures EXCEPT
bronchioles
Respiratory muscosa is present throughout each of the following areas EXCEPT the ___________
bronchioles
Supportive cartilage disappears entirely from the wall of the bronchial the ______________
bronchioles
The region of the lung saved by a tertiary (segmental) bronchus
bronchopulmonary segment
In males, an erection is caused by _________________
cavernous spaces within erectile bodies filling with blood
inspired air is cleansed of most foreign substance by the __________
ciliated epithelium and mucus that line the respirartory
After ovulation the follicular cells of the mature that remain in the ovary are transformed in the_______
corpus luteum
which of the following structures contains the penile urethra?
corpus spongiosum
Microscopically, distal convoluted tubules in the kidney can be distinguished from proximal convoluted based on
the distal convoluted tubules have a larger diameter lumen
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?
the eliminate the turbulence in the flow of air through the nasal cavity
All of the following are located within the spermatic cords EXCEPT ____________________
the epididymis
where are leydig cells specifically located?
the loose connective surrounding seminiferous tubules
In the ovary a difference between a primary follicle and a primordial follicle is that _____________
the primordial follicle has only a single layer of flat, squamous follicular cells, whereas the primary follicle has a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells
Microscopically, proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney can be distinguished from distal convoluted tubules based on _________
the proximal tubule cells have prominent brush borders whereas brush borders are absent from the distal tubule cells
The structural basis of the blood testis barrier is__________________
the tight junctions between Sertoli cells
In addition to granulosa cells, these cells contribute to the outermost layer late secondary and mature follicles in the ovary?
theca cells
In addition to granulosa cells which of the following cells make uptake wall of late secondary follicles?
theca cells (oocytes as well not on the test)
In addition to remaining granulosa cells which of the following cell types make up the corpus luteum?
thecal cells
