anatomy midterm

A condition caused by nutritional deficiencies or from excessive iron loss from the body, resulting in lower than normal erythrocyte production, is known as ____. a.iron-deficiency anemia c.hemolytic anemia b.sickle-cell anemia d.aplastic anemia

A. Iron-Deficiency Anemia

The medical term for excessive eating (eating abnormally large amounts of food) is ____. a.polyphagia c.polydipsia b.polyuria d.polycythemia

A. Polyphagia

A condition of the pituitary gland due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in which an individual produces 20 to 30 liters of urine daily and can become severely dehydrated is known as ____. a.diabetes insipidus c.Crohn's disease b.diabetes mellitus d.Addison's disease

A. diabetes insipidus

Too little growth hormone secreted before puberty, as a result of abnormal development of the pituitary gland, results in a condition known as ____. a.dwarfism c.acromegaly b.gigantism d.cretinism

A. dwarfism

The condition caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone after childhood and characterized by enlarged face, hands, and feet is known as ____. a.gigantism c.dwarfism b.acromegaly d.cretinism

B. Acromegaly

The mineralocorticoidhormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that is responsible for the regulation of sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys is ____. a.cortisol c.testosterone b.aldosterone d.renin

B. Aldosterone

The condition caused by too much secretion from the adrenal cortex, resulting in puffy skin, obesity, a moon-shaped face, and masculinizing changes in women, is known as ____. a.Addison's disease c.diabetes mellitus b.Cushing's syndrome d.diabetes insipidus

B. Cushing's sydrome

A common condition of the endocrine system in which the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, resulting in chronic elevations of glucose in the blood, is known as ____. a.diabetes insipidus c.Crohn's disease b.diabetes mellitus d.Addison's disease

B. Diabetes mellitus

A disease caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone, often associated with an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter and bulging eyeballs, is known as ____. a.Cushing's syndrome c.Crohn's disease b.Graves' disease d.Addison's disease

B. Grave's Disease

Blood cell formation occurs in the red bone marrow, a process called ____. a.syneresis c.fibrinolysis b.hematopoiesis d.erythrocytosis

B. Hematopoiesis

The medical term for excessive increase in urine production is ____. a.polyphagia c.polydipsia b.polyuria d.polycythemia

B. Polyuria

The thymus gland secretes the hormone ____. a.melatonin c.serotonin b.thymosin d.estrogen

B. Thymosin

The thyroid gland produces ____. a.parathormone c.epinephrine b.thyroxine d.cortisol

B. Thyroxine

The group of cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that are responsible for secreting insulin are the ____. a.alpha cells c.chief cells b.beta cells d.leukocytes

B. beta cells

A condition due to hypothyroidism in young children in which the child is mentally retarded and does not grow to normal stature is known as ____. a.dwarfism c.cretinism b.gigantism d.acromegaly

C. Cretinism

An abnormal condition in which a blood clot becomes lodged in a vessel, obstructing the flow of blood in the vessel, is known as a(n) ____. a.agglutination c.embolism b.thrombus d.atheromatous plaque

C. Embolism

Bulging of the eyeballs due to hyperthyroidism is known as ____. a.Addison's disease c.exophthalmia b.cretinism d.Cushing's syndrome

C. Exophthalmia

The hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas that is responsible for stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose when blood sugar levels are extremely low is ____. a.amylase c.glucagon b.vasopressin d.insulin

C. Glucagon

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete which of the following hormones? a.insulin c.glucagon b.cortisone d.androgens

C. Glucogon

A condition in which erythrocytes rupture or are destroyed at a faster rate than is normal is known as ____. a.iron deficiency anemia c.hemolytic anemia b.sickle-cell anemia d.aplastic anemia

C. Hemolytic Anemia

The medical term for an excessive amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood is ____. a.hyperthyroidism c.hyperglycemia b.hypernitremia d.hyperkalemia

C. Hyperglycemia

The pituitary gland, considered the "master gland" of the endocrine system, is also called the ____. a.hypothalamus c.hypophysis b.infundibulum d.suprarenal gland

C. Hypophysis

Diabetes mellitus is caused from a deficiency in the hormone ____. a.thyroxine c.insulin b.cortisol d.glycogen

C. Insulin

The hormone that maintains the body's water balance by promoting increased water reabsorption by the kidneys is the antidiuretic hormone known as ____. a.serotonin c.parathormone b.melanin d.vasopressin

C. Parathormone

The medical term for excessive thirst is ____. a.polyphagia c.polydipsia b.polyuria d.polycythemia

C. Polydipsia

The medical term for blood poisoning, which is caused by an infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the blood, is ____. a.hemophilia c.septicemia b.thalassemia d.leukemia

C. Septicemia

The clear, yellowish liquid that is seen after a clot forms is called ____. a.fibrin c.serum b.heme d.plasma

C. Serum

A lack of or low level of thyroid hormones is called ____. a.hyperthyroidism c.hypothyroidism b.hypokalemia d.hyperkalemia

C. hypothyroidism

A condition of the adrenal cortex characterized by bronzing of the skin, decreased blood sodium, low blood glucose, low blood pressure, fatigue, listlessness, and dehydration is called ____. a.diabetes insipidus c.Crohn's disease b.diabetes mellitus d.Addison's disease

D. Addison's disease

A plasma protein that plays a role in maintaining osmotic pressure and water balance between blood and tissues is ____. a.globulin c.heme b.fibrinogen d.albumin

D. Albumin

The medical term for an excessive amount of glucose (sugar) in the urine is ____. a.albuminuria c.polyuria b.ketonuria d.glycosuria

D. Glycosuria

The anterior pituitary gland produces ____. a.thyroxine c.vasopressin b.oxytocin d.growth hormone

D. Growth Hormone

A type of cancer in which there is an abnormal, excessive production of white blood cells is known as ____. a.hemophilia c.septicemia b.thalassemia d.leukemia

D. Leukemia

Bright light inhibits the secretion of which of the following hormones? a.insulin c.glucagon b.growth hormone d.melatonin

D. Melatonin

Which of the following glands is critical in the development of the immune system? a.thyroid c.pineal b.adrenal d.thymus

D. Thymus

A monocyte is a type of granulocyte

False

Bacteria are rarely present in the intestine

False

Blood transports oxygen from the lungs, where it enters the white blood cells (WBCs), to all cells of the body.

False

Eosinophils are the most common type of leukocytes.

False

Growth hormone increases protein synthesis and the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates.

False

Hematopoiesis occurs in the yellow bone marrow where all blood cells are produced.

False

Hyperthyroidism in adults results in sluggishness, fatigue, and fluid accumulation in subcutaneous tissues.

False

Hypothyroidism causes nervousness, high body metabolism, and fatigue.

False

Immunity is the ability of the body to resist infection from antibodies.

False

In a normal heartbeat, the right atrium contracts, followedby the right ventricle, then the left atrium, and finally the left ventricle

False

Plasma cells are formed by replicating T cells.

False

Platelets are involved with antibody production.

False

Prothrombin forms the threads of a clot, which enmesh the blood cells and platelets seeping from the wound.

False

The adrenal glands are embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

False

The circulation of lymph through the various lymphatic vessels is maintained by the heartbeat.

False

The pacemaker is also known as the conduction myofiber.

False

The pulmonary semilunar valve is found in the opening where the pulmonary trunk exits the left ventricle.

False

The right and left coronary arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the lungs.

False

There are two pulmonary veins that return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart from the lungs

False

When a small blood vessel is damaged, skeletal muscles in the vessel's walls contract.

False

A decline in blood glucose can cause nervous system malfunctions, since glucose is a main source of energy for nerve cells.

True

Adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones, including cortiso

True

Arteries are thicker and stronger than veins, and have two major properties: elasticity and contractility.

True

B lymphocytes are the cells that produce antibodies and provide humoral immunity

True

Blood is specialized connective tissue consisting of a fluid part called plasma and the formed blood cells

True

Blood plasma is the source of interstitial fluid, which becomes lymph when drained by the lymph capillaries.

True

Complement is a set of enzymes that attack foreign antigens.

True

Dr. Charles Drew, an African-American scientist, is best known for his research on blood plasma and was the director of the first American Red Cross Blood Bank

True

Erythrocytes live for approximately 280 days

True

Erythrocytes stay in the blood for about 12 hours and then move into tissues where they phagocytize foreign substances and secrete the enzyme lysozyme, which destroys certain bacteria

True

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, make up about 95% of the volume of blood cells.

True

Hemoglobin is made of a protein called "globin" and a pigment called "heme."

True

Lymph in the lacteals that looks milky because of the fat content is called chyle.

True

Lymphatics resemble veins in structure but have thinner walls and more valves.

True

Most Americans are Rh positive.

True

One significant subdivision of the systemic circulation route is the hepatic portal circulation route

True

Parathormone causes bone cells to release calcium and phosphorous into the blood.

True

Severe allergic reactions can result in anaphylactic shock, culminating in death.

True

Some of the side effects of anabolic steroids are shriveled testes and infertility, changes in blood cholesterol levels that could lead to heart disease, damage to the liver, a puffy face, and mental problems.

True

T lymphocytes are responsible for providing cellular immunity.

True

The Rh blood group was named after the Rhesus monkeys, the animals in which one of the eight Rh antigens or factors was first identified and studied

True

The actual contraction of the ventricles is stimulated by the Purkinje's fibers.

True

The aortic semilunar valve is found in the opening where the ascending aorta leaves the left ventricle.

True

The heart is enclosed in a membranous sac called the pericardial sac.

True

The junction of two or more blood vessels is called an anastomosis.

True

The palatine tonsils are the ones commonly removed in a tonsillectomy.

True

The pharyngeal tonsils are also known as the adenoids.

True

The primary function of the lymphatic system is to drain tissue spaces of protein-containing fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries.

True

The sinoatrial node initiates each cardiac cycle and sets the pace for the heart rate.

True

The superior vena cava is also known as the anterior vena cava.

True

Venous sinuses are veins with thin walls.

True

Vitamin D helps to increase absorption of calcium by the small intestine.

True

White blood cells are larger in size than are RBCs.

True

Lactogenic hormone (LTH), also known as prolactin, stimulates the production of ova in the female ovary.

false

The endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream.

true

The pineal gland produces the hormone melatonin.

true

The pineal gland produces the hormone serotonin.

true

There are three classifications of hormones: modified amino acids,proteins, and steroid hormones.

true

An inherited clotting disorder associated with the expression of a recessive gene on the X chromosome is known as ____. a.hemophilia c.erythroblastosis fetalis b.anemia d.cretinism

A. Hemophilia

The hormone that lowers the calcium and phosphate ion concentration of the blood by inhibiting the release of calcium phosphate ions from the bones and by increasing the excretion of these ions by the kidneys is ____. a.calcitonin c.serotonin b.melatonin d.vasopressin

A. Calcitonin

When the concentration of a particular hormone reaches a certain level in the body, the endocrine gland that secreted that hormone is inhibited and the secretion of that hormone ceases or decreases significantly. This is known as ____. a.a negative feedback loop c.polyuria b.the androgen theory d.hormonalization

A. A negative feedback loop

Diabetes insipidus is caused from a deficiency in the hormone ____. a.ADH c.TSH b.GH d.MSH

A. ADH

The suprarenal glands are also called the ____. a.adrenal glands c.kidneys b.parathyroid glands d.ovaries

A. Adrenal Glands

The male sex hormones that stimulate development of male sexual characteristics are known as ____. a.androgens c.progesterones b.estrogens d.parathormones

A. Androgens

The hormone that stimulates development of the follicles in the ovaries is ____. a.follicle-stimulating hormone c.serotonin b.luteinizing hormone d.lactogenic hormone

A. Follicle-stimulating hormone