Anatomy midterm
What is a polysaccharide?
-A complex carbohydrates that is made up of more than two monosaccharides -Functions in long term energy storage as glycogen
What is a monosaccharide? Give an example.
-Building block of carbohydrates -Glucose
What is an amino acid?
-It is the monomer of a protein -It includes an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen and an R group
What is a globular protein?
-Looks like spaghetti -An example is hemoglobin
What is a phospholipid?
-Represents the molecule most abundant in the plasma membrane and has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic sections
What type of bond does NaF form?
-Since Na is a metal and wants to give away its electrons and F is a nonmetal and wants to receive those electrons this is an ionic bond -In the end, Na has a pos 1 charge and F has a neg 1 charge -Chemical formula is Na+F=NaF Note: use arrows to show this is ionic in a drawing
1. An atom has 19 protons, 20 neutrons, and 18 electrons. What is the charge? 2. Based on the answer, what would the atom be categorized as?
1. +1 2. A cation
1. List the organized parts of the body from least to most complex 2. From the structures identified, chose two that would be considered gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy
1. Atomic, molecule, cellular(where life begins), tissue, organ, organ system, organism 2. Gross-Organ, organ system microscopic- atom and molecule
Carbohydrate: examples and functions in the body
1. Glucose, lactose, maltose, starch 2. They build macromolecules and store energy
Lipids: examples and functions in the body
1. Triglyceride and steroids 2. Store large amounts of energy and make up the structural component of the cell membrane
1. Name the quadrants of the abdomen 2. Where would you find the bladder, stomach, and small intestine?
1. right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant -This is from the persons view, so it is the opposite 2. You would find the bladder in the left lower quadrant, the stomach in the left upper quadrennialt, and the small intestine in the left lower
1. During dehydration synthesis _______ is ________ to _______ molecules 2. The reverse of this reaction is called________ because ________ is ________ to _______ molecules
1. water; removed; join 2. hydrolysis; water; added; separate
What is the atomic number(# of protons) of an atom that has an atomic mass(protons and neutrons) of 27. And 14 neutrons.
13
Choose one reaction type that best describes the following reaction: Amino acids coming together to build a larger protein molecule
A synthesis reaction(a+b+ab)
A biologist analyzes a sample that contains an organic molecule and finds the following constituents: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in where H and O are a 2:1 ratio. On the basis of this information, the molecules are classified as... a- carbohydrate b-lipid c- nucleic acid d- protein
A- carbohydrate
96% of the human body is made up of these elements A-oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen b-oxygen, carbon, helium, and phosphorus c-oxygen, carbon, helium, nitrogen, and phosphorus d-oxygen, carbon, water, and nitrogen
A-oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
A solution of a pH of 2 is _____ and contains ______ H+ than a neutral solution
Acid;more
Name the view when someone is facing you with their palms facing you
Anatomical position (anterior/ventral)
Name the position when their back is facing you
Anatomical position(backside/dorsal)
what is the anatomical term for...forearm
Antebrachial
Fill in the blank* The patellar(front of knee) is ______ to the popliteal(back of knee)
Anterior
What are isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, as show in the upper left hand corner of the element
Which of the following is a type of energy stored in the bonds of food molecules such as glucose 1) kinetic energy 2)radiant energy 3) potential energy 4)chemical energy 5)electrical energy a- 1 and 2 b- 3 and 4 c- 2 and 5 d- answer 3 only
B- Answers 3 and 4
In the Watson and Crick model of DNA the "steps" are composed of _____ and the uprights(the backbone of the model) are composed of_______ a- deoxyribose.....phosphate b- nitrogen bases----phosphate and deoxyribose c- hydrogen bonds.... nitrogen bases d- nitrogen bases.... phosphates
B- Nitrogen base; phosphate and deoxyribose
Matter is the fundamental "stuff" that makes up the universe, choose the statement below that is FALSE when describing matter a- Matter can change form solid, liquid, gas and plasma as atoms and molecules change in the movement b-Physical changes and reactions alter the properties of the substance thus creating a new substance c- According to the Law of Thermodynamics matter can neither be created nor destroyed but can change and energy can be lost as heat d- all statements are correct
B- Physical changes and reactions alter the properties of the substance thus creating a new substance
______ triglyceride has at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms. a- cholesterol b-unsaturated c- steroid d- saturated e- phospholipid
B- Unsaturated
An animal storage carbohydrate in muscles and in the liver is... a- cholesterol b- glycogen c- cellulose d- starch
B- glycogen
An atom with an atomic number of 10 will have _______ electrons in its outer most shell a- 2 b- 4 c- 8 d- 10 e- 14
C- 8 Note: This is because the first shell is filled up with 2 electrons
An atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons and 18 electrons is a- a molecule b- a cation c- an anion d- an isotope
C- an anion
Which of the following statements INCORRECTLY describes enzymes? a- they catalyze millions of reactions each minute b- they bind to and hold reacting molecules in proper position fro chemical interactions c- they are destroyed after each chemical reaction d- excessive heat or pH may denature their three-dimensional shape
C- they are destroyed after each chemical reaction
Which of the following systems is matches most accurately to the necessary life function is provides? a- integumentary system-----movement b- muscular system----maintaining boundaries c-nervous system----- responsiveness d- endocrine system----digestion
C-nervous system----responsiveness
Which of these regions is not a ventral(front) portion of the head? a- buccal b-oral c-occipital d-nasal e-orital
C-occipital Note: occipital lobe is in the back of the head
Pediatrics become concerned about the potential for brain damage when an infants temperature approaches 105F. Which class of organic molecules is most likely to be damaged in high temperatures. a- carbohydrate b-lipid c- nucleic acid d- protein
D- protein Note: Because enzymes are proteins
Which of the following studies does not represent an anatomic study? a- making a section through the heart to examine its interior b- examine the surface of bone c- being muscle tissue through the microscope d- studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses e- observing the part of the cell
D- studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses
Information from the control center(output) travels along the ______ pathway to the _____ for a response a- afferent------receptor b- afferent----effector c-efferent----receptor d-efferent----effector
D-efferent----effector
Fill in the blank* The necessary life function involving the breakdown of ingested foods into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream is called________
Digestion
During the homeostasis lab people where asked to exercise, and at 2 minute intervals take their temperature. name and define the mechanism your body uses to maintain homeostatic temperature. Describe what actually occurs. Be sure to identify the receptors, control center, and effectors and their roles within the process.
During the homeostasis lab, despite the change in stimulus(exercise, my body maintained a stable internal environment called homeostasis. My skin receptors detected the change in stimulus so they travelled along the afferent pathway to the control center(hypothalamus) which ultimately decided what to do in regards to the change in environment. Next, this information is sent along the efferent pathway effector. The effector then feeds back the information and directs the blood vessels to dilate allowing more blood flow to the surface of the body which releases heat and directs the nervous system to activate the sweat glands to help cool the body. In this case, the changes are being reversed/slowed so it is a negative feedback mechanism. Overall, my temperature stayed within a range of 96-98 degrees despite the change in stimulus.
Which of the following is TRUE concerning the atomic nucleus 1) Contains the mass of the atom 2) The negatively charged particles are here 3) Particles can be ejected 4) Contains particles that determine the atomic number 5) Contains particles that interact with other atoms in bonding a- 1, 2 and 3 b-1, 3 and 5 c- 1, 3, and 5 d- 1, 2 and 4 e- 1, 3, and 4
E- 1, 3, and 4
Open cavities in the body include a- oral b-digestive cavities c-nasal cavity d-orbital cavities e-middle ear cavities f-all of the above
F-all of the above
The building blocks of triglycerides are...?
Glycerol and fatty acids
The process by which an organism increases in size of number is called....?
Growth
john, a patient at jones city hospital, is in tough shape. he has a hernia in his inguinal region, pain from an infected kidney in his lumbar region, and severe bruises and swelling in his pubic region. explain where each of these regions is located.
His lumbar region is his lower back, his public region is in his pelvic region, and his inguinal region is located in the abdominal pelvic region
The weak attractive force between two water molecules forms a...?
Hydrogen bond
Fill in the blank* When a boy is standing on his head, his nose is _________ to his mouth
Inferior
Fill in the blank* the pancreas sits below the stomach therefor it is _______- to the stomach
Inferior
Name the body cavities
Looking at the left image* A-dorsal b-cranial c-spinal d-thoracic e-abdominal f-pelvic Note: diaphragm is below the lungs
Fill in the blank* _______ refers to all the chemical reactions in your body
Metabolism
what is the anatomical term for...nose
Nasal
What are the monomers of DNA?
Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base)
A polar covalent bond between two atoms occurs when...?
One atom attracts shared electrons more strongly than another atom
Fill in the blank* A part that is closer to the trunk of the body than something else is _____
Proximal
Bonus: A patient with appendicitis usually has pain in the ________ quadrant
RLQ
What is ATP?
Represents the "energy current" in the body and releases energy from the bond between the third phosphate
Fill in the blank* A part that is closer to the head than something else is _______
Superior
Fully describe the anatomical position on humans and explain why it is used?
The anatomical position is where someone is standing straight, facing forward, palms facing forward with their thumbs facing away from the body, hands by their sides and feet spread. The anatomical position is important because it gives us a reference point to fall back on
Describe the importance of the relationship between the study of anatomy and physiology.
The relationship is important because if you don't understand the structure of the body and its parts than it would be impossible to understand how the body and its parts function and vice versa(shape determines function).
Cormac was trying to impress Jenna with a tale about his rugby match. Cormac said to Jenna. "the coach said I suffered a cervical injury to the dorsal sural in my groin" Jenna responded "I think either you or your coach needs your cephalic examined". Clearly explain why Jenna was not impressed.
This does not make sense because your cervical is your neck, your dorsal rural is the back of your calf, and your groin is in your pelvic region. You can not suffer a neck injury to the calf in your groin.
Fill in the blank* The single most abundant chemical in the body is ______
Water
What is a triglyceride?
a lipid made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acid tails
Which of the following are compounds? a- CO2 and H20 b-NaCl c- Na d- none of these
a- CO2 and H20 Note: NaCl is not a compound because neither occur separately in nature
Your body temperature is assessed by the part of your brain called the hypothalamus. Which component does this area in the brain represent? a- control center b- effector c-receptor d- stimulus
a- control center
Fill in the blank* In humans the ventral surface can also be called the _______ surface; however in quadruped animals, the ventral surface is the ______ surface
anterior; inferior
what is the anatomical term for...anterior elbow
anticubital
what is the anatomical term for...armpit
axillary
A positive feedback mechanism a- regulates the heart and breathing rates b-operates in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced or increased c- regulates in such a way the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced d-regulates body temperature
b-operates in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced or increased
what is the anatomical term for...arm
brachial
_________ forms when electrons are _______ from the _____ shell by the atoms involved a- a covalent bond...lost or gained....valence b-an ionic bond....shared...valence c- an ionic bond...lost or gained...valence d- a hydrogen bond...lost or gained...valence
c- An ionic bond; lost/gained; valence
A solution with a pH of 7: a- releases more H+ ions in solution b- releases more OH- ions in solution c- has equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions d- contains more water because it is neutral
c- has equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions
A biologist analyzes a sample that contains an organic molecule and finds the following constituents: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus(as a phosphate group). On the basis of this information, the molecules are classified as... a- carbohydrate b-lipid c- nucleic acid d- protein
c- nucleic acid
Which of the components will detect a change in the environment a- control center b-effector c-receptor d- stimulus
c- receptor
what is the anatomical term for...wrist
carpal
what is the anatomical term for...head
cephalic
what is the anatomical term for...neck
cervical
Water is useful in body processes because... a- it is a product in hydrolysis reactions b-it acts as an enzyme c-it has low heat capacity d- it is an excellent solvent
d- it is an excellent solvent
A change in the environment is called a- control center b- effector c-receptor d- stimulus
d- stimulus
Which of the following orientations and directional terns have the same meaning in humans a-anterior and dorsal b-inferior and cranial c-superior and caudal d-anterior and ventral
d-anterior and ventral
Fill in the blank* The skeleton is ______ to the skin
deep
what is the anatomical term for...finger or toe
digital
What is a transverse section
divides into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)
What is a frontal section
divides the body into anterior(front) and posterior(back) parts
what is the anatomical term for...buttox
gluteal
Fill in the blank* The groin is _______ to the abdominal region
inferior
Fill in the blank* the buccal region is ______ to the nose
inferior
Fill in the blank* The hip Is _______ to the pelvic region
lateral
Fill in the blank* The lungs are ________- to the heart
lateral
where are metals on the periodic table?
left of staircase but not Hydrogen
Fill in the blank* The sternum(breastbone) is _______ the axillary(armpit) region
medial
what is the anatomical term for...mouth
oral
what is the anatomical term for...eye
orbital
what is the anatomical term for...ear
otic
what is the anatomical term for...chest
pectoral
what is the anatomical term for...foot
pedal
what is the anatomical term for...sole of your foot
plantar
what is the anatomical term for...posterior knee
popliteal
what is the anatomical term for...calf
sacral
Fill in the blank* The brain is _________ to the spinal cord
superior
Fill in the blank* The shoulder are _______ to the finger nails
superior
what is the anatomical term for...spinal column
veritbral
What is a sagittal section
vertical plane dividing the body into left and right(medial and lateral)
