Anatomy: Nasal cavity
What are the 4 bones of nasal cavity that have sinuses?
Frontal bone, ethmoid bone, maxillary bone, and sphenoid bone.
What structure does each of the following sinuses drain into: Frontal, anterior, middle, and posterior ethmoidal, sphenoid, maxilla, and nasolacrimal duct?
Frontal sinus: middle conchae. Anterior ethmoidal: middle conchae Middle ethmoidal: middle conchae Posterior ethmoidal: superior conchae Sphenoid: spheno-ethmoidal recess Maxillay: middle conchae Nasolacrimal duct: inferior conchae
Which nerve innervates the hard palate? What structure of the palate does this nerve go through?
Greater palatine nerve: through greater palatine foramen
What is the floor of palatine bone?
Hard palate
Which nerve innervates the alar cartilage?
Infraorbital nerve
Where do arteries of nasal septum meet? What is the clinical significance of this structure?
Kiesselbach's plexus: common site for nose bleed
Which nerve innervates the soft palate? What structure of the palate does this nerve go through?
Lesser palatine nerve: through lesser palatine foramen
What 2 bones make up the hard palate?
Maxilla (anterior) and palatine (posterior) bone.
What bone is the inferior conchae attached to laterally?
Maxillary bone
What is the external layer of mucous membrane of nasal bones called? What type of tissue makes up this membrane? What are the functions of this membrane?
Mucoperiosteum: erectile tissue. Functions are to increase surface area, warm air, and moisten air.
What are the 2 plates of ethmoid bone?
Perpendicular and horizontal plates
What 2 bones make up the back of nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and perpendicular of vomer bone.
Which nerve innervates the posterior lateral wall of nasal cavity?
Posterior lateral nasal nerve
Where do the posterior nasal wall veins drain into?
Pterygoid plexus
Which structure of the skull is located above the sphenoid bone? What structure is found within this structure?
Sella turcica: pituitary gland
What 2 cartilages make up the front of nasal septum?
Septal cartilage and alar cartilage.
Which artery supplies the superior and middle conchae?
Sphenopalatine artery (maxillary artery)
Which conchae are part of ethmoid bone?
Superior and middle conchae
Which artery supplies the cartilaginous part of the nasal wall?
Superior labial artery (facial artery)
Which nerve innervates the superior nasal septum? Posterior and inferior nasal septum? Alar cartilage of nasal septum?
Superior nasal septum: anterior ethmoidal nerve Posterior and inferior nasal septum: nasopalatine nerve Alar cartilage: infraorbital cartilage
How is smell transmitted from nasal cavity?
Through olfactory epithelium on cribriform plate
What is the opening of nasal cavity called? What is the function of hair within this structure?
Vestibule: prevent obstruction.
How many conchae and meati are present in nasal cavity?
3 each: Superior, middle, and inferior.
Which arteries supply the superior nasal cavity wall?
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (ophthalmic artery)
Which nerves innervate the lateral walls of nasal cavity and its mucous membrane?
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves
Which nerve innervates the floor of nasal cavity?
Anterior superior alveolar nerve
What is the name of the highly vascularized area directly above vestibule?
Antrum.
What are the two parts of nasal septum?
Bone (posterior) and cartilage (anterior).
Which nerve is responsible for special sense of smell?
CN II
Where do the superior nasal wall veins drain into?
Cavernous sinus
What are the 2 structures of the skull located above ethmoid bone?
Crista galli and cribiform plate.
What are the functions of meati?
Drainage of paranasal sinuses and lacrimal duct.
What are meati?
Empty space below conchae.
How is Fistula formed?
Extraction of maxillary teeth causing a tear on floor maxillary sinus through alveolar process (gum).
Where do the anterior nasal wall veins drain into?
Facial vein