Anatomy of the Digestive System

_____ occurs when too much water is absorbed in the large intestines. a. constipation b. diarrhea

a

Peristalsis, an important process that propels food through the esophagus and small intestine, is best described by which of the following choices? a. a wavelike series of muscular contractions b. a rapid increase in blood pressure c. a rapid decrease in blood pressure d. a regulation in the body's temperature

a

Peristalsis, sphincter opening, and churning are digestive processes aided by what? a. muscles b. ligaments c. tendons d. the skeletal system

a

Secretions from the _____, called _____, neutralize acid from the stomach in the small intestine. a. pancreas, bicarbonate b. pancreas, zymogens c. liver, gastric juice d. liver, bicarbonate

a

What is the name of the mechanism that inhibits gastric motility and the secretion of gastric acid? a. enterogastric reflex b. segmentation c. peristalsis d. pendular movement

a

When does maximum secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach occur? a. after food has already entered the stomach b. when a person is anticipating a meal c. just before food has entered the stomach d. at about the same times every day when a person normally eats their meals

a

Which of the following structures create a turbulent flow through the small intestine? a. circular folds b. mucosa c. microvilli d. villi

a

An inactive precursor of an enzyme that must go through a change to be activated is known as a(n) a. pepsin b. zymogen c. pepsinogen d. amylase

b

How is food moved along the small intestine? a. the stomach pushes it through b. peristalsis contracts the smooth muscle to push it forward c. bicarbonates mix with stomach acid to move it along d. enzymes from the pancreas propel it forward

b

The muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food into the small intestine is known as the: a. lower esophageal sphincter b. pyloric sphincter c. epithelial valve d. stomach valve

b

Water reabsorption is the main function of which part of the digestive tract? a. stomach b. large intestine c. small intestine d. none of these answers are correct

b

What can occur when the bacteria within the large intestine metabolize some of the remaining nutrients? a. increased water re-absorption b. the release of odorous gases c. decreased water re-absorption d. increased mucus production

b

What is the job of the anal sphincters? a. control the passage of food in the colon b. control the passage of feces out of the anus c. control food propulsion through the large intestine d. control the passage of water out of the large intestine

b

Which movements within the small intestine is describes as the contraction of circular smooth muscles that constrict the intestines into segments? a. enterogastric reflex b. segmentation c. peristalsis d. pendular movement

b

Which of the following DOES NOT help improve absorption within the small intestine? a. villi b. rugae c. microvilli d. circular folds

b

Which of the following is NOT a function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice? a. kill bacteria in food b. digest the mucous layer covering the epithelium c. liquefy the contents of the stomach d. activate pepsin by removing inhibitory amino acids

b

Which of the following structures are lymphatic capillaries that absorb dietary fats? a. circular folds b. lacteals c. microvilli d. lymph nodes

b

Which structures secrete mucus? a. striated cuboidal epithelial cells b. Goblet cells c. Parietal cells d. Chief cells

b

Microvilli, villi, and circular folds are unique modifications that enhance _____ in the _____. a. peristalsis; small intestine b. chemical digestion; stomach c. nutrient absorption; small intestine d. physical digestion

c

The epiglottis prevents food from entering the _____. a. stomach b. large intestine c. airway d. small intestine

c

What forms must carbohydrates and proteins be in to be absorbed by the small intestine? a. polysaccharides and fatty acids b. lipids and water c. monosaccharides and amino acids d. monosaccharied and water

c

What is one reason that enzymes are present in the small intestine? a. to convert monosaccharides to polysaccharides b. to break down lipids to water c. to break down proteins to amino acids d. to convert zymogens to glucose

c

What is the name given to the small hair-like projections on the simple columnar epithelial cells lining the small intestine? a. mucosa b. villi c. microvilli d. circular folds

c

What propels food through the small intestine? a. enterogastric reflex b. segmentation c. peristalsis d. pendular movement

c

Which term describes movement within the small intestine caused by contraction and relaxation of the longitudinal muscles? a. enterogastric reflex b. segmentation c. peristalsis d. pendular movement

c

Choose the most accurate path food takes through the body as it is being digested: mouth, esophagus, stomach, _____, _____. a. pyloric sphincter; duodenum b. colon; small intestine c. duodenum; small intestine d. epiglottis; duodenum

d

What form(s) of digestions take place in the mouth and stomach? a. physical digestion only b. chemical digestion only c. acid-base digestion only d. both physical and chemical digestion

d

What is the main form of food propulsion through the large intestine? a. pendular movements b. peristalsis c. segmentation d. mass movements

d

When digesting food leaves the _____, it passes through the duodenum, the first section of the _____. a. esophagus; stomach b. stomach; large intestine c. small intestine; large intestine d. stomach; small intestine

d

Which of the following does the large intestine most likely absorb in digestion? a. additional nutrients b. the large intestine stores food c. enzymes d. water

d