Anatomy - Skeletal System
bone remodeling
ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
simple fracture
bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin
Bone repair
1. hematoma formation 2. callus formation 3. callus ossification 4. bone remodeling
appendicular skeleton
Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
peritosteum
Connective tissue membrane that surrounds and protects the shaft of long bones
Epiphysis
End of a long bone
Canaliculi
Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces
spongy bone
Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.
hyaline cartilage CT
Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose
axial skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
endochondral ossification
Process of transforming hyaline cartilage into bone.
flat bones
These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull.
rheumatiod arthritis
a chronic disease characterized by pain, inflammation, swelling, and stiffness of the joints - body's own immune system attacks joints
Osteoporosis
a condition in which bones become fragile and break easily
spiral fracture
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
irregular bones
bones of the vertebrae and face
short bones
bones of the wrist and ankles
long bones
bones that are longer than they are wide - arms and legs
compound fracture
break in the bone where the bone comes through the skin; open fracture
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
Volkmann's canals
channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal
osteomalacia
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
yellow marrow
fat storage
Hematopoiesis
formation/production of blood cells
comminuted fracture
fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
epiphysial plate
growth plate made of hyaline cartilage until the end of adolescence. region of longitudinal growth in a child
epiphysial line
growth plate, found on both ends of the long bone
metaphysis
growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone
osteoarthritis
inflammation of the bone and joint - caused by wear and tear on joints
Osteocytes
mature bone cells
Endosteum
membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
greenstick fracture
one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken
Haversian canal
one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
red marrow
produces red blood cells
sesamoid bones
round bones found near joints (patella)
Diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
Lacunae
small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
Osteon
structural unit of compact bone
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
Fibrocatilage CT
tough, dense, and fibrous material that helps fill in the torn part of the catilage