Anatomy test 4
This hormone causes reabsorption of sodium and water and secretion of potassium by cells of the DCT
aldosterone
Which of the following is not a diuretic?
aldosterone
Which of the following is true regarding the location of the kidneys?
all of these answers are correct
Which of the following is true regarding the location of the kideney?
all of these answers are true
Which of the following is true regarding the location of the kidneys
all of these answers are true
In the protein pH buffer system, some proteins can function as both a weak acid and a weak base. These proteins are termed:
amphoteric
Under what situation would glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure fall to the point that filtration would not occur?
an extreme sympathetic event
The hormones that cause spermatogenesis and production of testosterone are secreted by this gland
anterior pituitary
Hyposecretion of this hormone causes diabetes insipidus
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following substances act as antagonists (act in opposition to each other) with respect to blood pressure?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
When you are thirsty and you drink, when is thirst first beginning to be quenched?
as soon as mucous membranes of the mouth become moistened
The trigger to release this hormone is higher than normal blood pressure:
atrial natriuretic peptide
A cell released a chemical that binds to a receptor on its own plasma membrane, causing a response. The term that matches this statement is:
autocrine
This structure carries filtrate from the DCT to the renal pelvis, modifying the filtrate as it moves through
collecting duct
This structure carries filtrate from the DCT to the renal pelvis, modifying the filtrate as it moves through:
collecting duct
The outer layer of the kidney, which appears reddish-brown with no visible structures to the naked eye, is called the:
cortex
During prolonged stress, an excess of which hormone can suppress the body's normal inflammatory and immune responses?
cortisol
Holding your breath or suffering from diseases that make it difficult to preform external respiration gas exchange will result in:
respiratory acidosis
A cell released a chemical that diffuses through the interstitial fluid, reaching target cells nearby. The term that matches this statement is:
paracrine
You are working with a person whose Pco2 and bicarbonate levels are substantially higher than normal. This is most likely a result of:
respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
Hyperventilating can cause:
respiratory alkalosis
The urinary bladder, ureters, and kidneys are behind the abdominal/pelvic peritoneum. This position can also be referred to as:
retroperitoneal
A hormone binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane of the target cell. This causes a charge within the cell and a chemical gets activated-this chemical then causes a cascade of reactions within the cell. The chemical that got activated is referred to as a(n):
second messenger
The kidneys will secrete more HCO3-? than normal when the body is in:
*alkalosis
This endocrine gland also has important exocrine functions
pancreas
The percentage of glomerular filtrate that becomes urine is about ___%
1
The epithelium of the urinary bladder that permits distention is called:
transitional epithelium
Of the water taken in (inputs), what percent is metabolic water?
10
When a person is very dehydrated, hormones that cause reabsorption are released. This can result in urine with an osmolality of __ mOsm
1200
Of the water we lose from our bodies (outputs), what percent is lost as insensible loss (evaporation other than sweat)?
28
Of the water taken in (inputs), what percent is ingested in the solid food we eat?
30
The kidneys keep the solute load of body fluids constant at about ___ mOsm
300
Of the water we lose from our bodies (outputs), what percent is lost in feces?
4
When a person is very overhydrated, hormones that cause reabsorption are not released. This can result in urine with an osmolality of __ mOsm
50
Of the water taken in (inputs), what percent is ingested fluid (fluid we drink)?
60
Of the water we lose from our bodies (outputs), what percent is lost in urine?
60
The kidneys filter the entire plasma volume about __times per day
60
Which of the following values for pH is outside the normal range for human blood?
7.34
Which of the following is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex?
ACTH
This hormone activates the gland that secretes aldosterone and cortisol:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
T/F. Simple goiter is associated with hypothyroidism
true
T/F. The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urethras, one bladder, and one ureter.
False
The fluid compartment is the largest in the body (about 25 liters).
ICF
The hormone aldosterone causes:
Reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
T/F. The prime function of the urinary system is to help maintain homeostasis by controlling the composition and volume of blood.
True
The kidneys will excrete ammonium (NH4+) when the body is in:
acidosis
This gland is the target for the the hormone ACTH
adrenal cortex
Both the respiratory system and the kidneys are important in the homeostatic regulation of:
blood pH
The antagonist hormone (does the opposite) to parathyroid hormone is:
calcitonin
This hormone causes osteoblasts to build bone and the kidneys to excrete calcium:
calcitonin
The barrier that separates IF from plasma is the:
capillary wall
The lungs (respiratory buffer system) can rid the body of:
carbonic acid
The barrier that separates ICF from IF is the:
cell membranes of our cells
The main anion of ECF is:
chloride (CL-)
In most humans, the percent of our bodies made up of water goes ___ as we age.
down
Of the solutes in our body fluids, inorganic salts, all acids and bases, and some proteins are considered:
electrolytes
A cell released a chemical that is picked up by the blood and carried throughout the body, eventually reaching target cells. The term that matches this statement is:
endocrine
Excess release of this hormone would cause the following: extreme anxiousness or nervousness, sweating, and increased heart rate.
epinephrine
This hormone is released by the kidney in response to low blood oxygen:
erythropoietin
What happens if glomerular filtration rate is too low?
everything is reabsorbed, including wastes that are normally disposed of
Which urethral sphincter is under voluntary control?
external sphincter
T/F. Exophthalmic goiter is associated with hypothyroidism
false
T/F. Exophthalmic goiter is associated with hypothyroidism.
false
Fluids that cross from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule are referred to as:
filtrate
The three functions of a nephron that result in urine formation (three stages of urine formation) are:
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
This hormone stimulates cells in the ovary to begin to mature:
follicle stimulating hormone
Which of the following is not part of the glomerular filter?
glomerular capsule
The site of filtration in the nephron is the:
glomerulus
This pancreatic hormone causes glycogenolysis and glucoeogenesis
glucagon
This pancreatic hormone causes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis:
glucagon
Hypersecretion of this hormone can cause acromegaly:
growth hormone
Blood pressure at the arterial end in most systemic capillaries is about 35mmHG. While you are at rest, the blood pressure at the arterial end of the glomerulus is ___ 35mmHG.
higher than
Net filtration pressure is the pressure responsible for filtrate formation. Which of the following is a force that drives filtration (forces filtrate through the glomerular filter into the glomerular capsule)?
hydrostatic pressure of the blood
Releasing and inhibiting hormones secreted by the __ influence the anterior pituitary gland.
hypothalamus
Steroidal and thyroid hormones, which are lipid soluble, have their receptors:
inside the nucleus of the target cell
The antagonist hormone (does the opposite) to glucagon is:
insulin
This hormone activates glucose transport molecules, allowing glucose into cells:
insulin
Your new client states he is diabetic. When queried, he says that he developed this condition in his late 40s. From this information, you know that he most likely:
is a type 2 diabetic and can control his diabetes with medications, diet, and exercise
This type of nephron is good at removing wastes from blood and concentrating urine:
justamedullary nephron
This type of nephron is good at removing wastes from blood concentrating urine:
justamedullary nephron
The macula densa cells are part of this important regulatory part of the nephron:
juxtaglomerular apparatus
This endocrine gland secretes a hormone that increases the production of RBC's by the bone marrow
kidney
Which of the following organs is a target for antidiuretic hormone (ADH also called vasopressin)?
kidney
Which of the following factors could cause edema?
liver damage or failure, increased blood pressure, protein malnutrition, anything blocking the lymphatic system, increased permeability of capillaries, incompetent venous valves, congestive heart failure
This hormone causes ovulation and the site of ovulation to become an endocrine gland:
luteinizing hormone
This hormone is important in the maitence of day/night cycles (circadian rhythm):
melatonin
A diet high in meat, dairy, and eggs would make the urine:
more acidic
A vegetarian diet high in green leafy vegetables would make the urine:
more basic
A vegetarian diet in green leafy vegetables would make the urine:
more basic
What is the trigone?
more than one of these is correct
What happens if glomerular filtration rate is too high?
needed substances cannot be reabsorbed quickly enough and are lost in the urine
Of the solutes in our body fluids, glucose, lipids, creatinine, and urea are considered:
non-electrolytes
Urine normally contains which of the following?
none of these
Release of this hormone (by the mother) is triggered when a baby feeds from it's mother's breast:
oxytocin
This hormone causes the uterus to contract during childbirth:
oxytocin
Insulin and glucagon are secreted by this gland
pancreas
The respiratory and urinary systems can adjust pH. The processes by which they do this are considered to be:
physiological buffer systems
This endocrine gland is actually part of a different organism than that of the target cells.
placenta
This fluid compartment contains about 3 liters
plasma
The thirst center is located in the hypothalamus. Which parameter only has to change by 1-2% to trigger thirst?
plasma olmolality
Antiduiretic hormone is secreted by this gland
posterior pituitary
The hormone secreted by this gland are actually made by the hypothalamus
posterior pituitary
This hormone stimulates the glandular tissue of the breast to produce milk.
prolactin
The body's most powerful and plentiful pH buffers are found in plasma and ICF. These buffers are the:
protein buffer system
The interlobar arteries pass through the:
renal columns
The concave (indented part of the kidney where blood vessels and the ureter enter or leave is termed:
renal hilus (hilum)
This structure in the renal medulla captures urine as it drips from renal papillae:
renal pelvis
Major (greater) and minor (lesser) calyces (plural of calyx) are parts of the:
renal penvis
This is composed of thousands of collecting ducts:
renal pyramid
This hormone is released by the kidney in response to low blood pressure:
renin
This hormone, through interaction with other chemicals in the blood, will ultimately cause vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
renin
In addition to cleaning the blood, the kidneys are also endocrine glands that secrete hormones. Which of the following hormones are secreted by the kidneys
renin and erythropoietin
The wall of the DCT is composed of:
simple cuboidal epithelium
The wall of the PCT is composed of:
simple cuboidal epithelium
The wall of the collecting duct is composed of:
simple cuboidal epithelium
The wall of the descending loop is composed of
simple cuboidal epithelium that changes right away to simple squamous epithelium
The wall of the glomerular capsule is composed of:
simple squamous epithelium
The wall of the ascending loop is composed of:
simple squamous epithelium that changes right away to simple cuboidal epithelium
The epithelium of the urinary bladder that permits distention is called:
tansitional epithelium
If you don't have the SRY gene, you wont produce this hormone during development or after puberty:
testosterone
Which of the following mechanisms cannot remove acid or base from the body?
the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer systems
This is the medullary collecting duct
the part marked A
This is where the hormone ADH has its greatest effect.
the part marked A
15% of the water is reabsorbed from this part of the tubule
the part marked B
This is where filtration takes place
the part marked F
This is called the PCT
the part marked H
This is where - 65% of the salts and 65% of the water is reabsorbed
the part marked H
This is where -100% of the glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed.
the part marked H
The peritubular capillaries wrap around two of the tubular components and reabsorption and secretion occur here. Which two tubular components (choose 2) are surrounded by the peritubular capillaries?
the part marked H, the part marked I
This is called the DCT
the part marked I
This is where the hormone aldosterone has its greatest effect
the part marked I
This is called the vasa recta
the part marked J
This is where - 20-25% of the "salts" are reabsorbed by active transport, making the surrounding area very salty
the part marked c
This is not a pituitary hormone
thymosin
This gland makes T3 and T4
thyroid
A metabolic hormone containing iodine
thyroxine
Which structure carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
ureter
Cortical nephrons would not have which of the following structures?
vasa recta
cortical nephrons would not have which of the following structures?
vasa recta