Anatomy - The Pectoral Girdle

Bones of the hand

8 small carpal bones in two rows of four 56 metacarpal bones, their distal ends form the knuckles 14 phalanges, 3 per finger but only 2 in the thumb

Acromion process

A bony process on the scapula. Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint.

Olecranon fossa

A hollow on the dorsum of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the olecranon process of the ulna rests when the elbow is extended.

Humerus

A long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. Features include the deltoid tuberosity, trochlea, Capitulum and Olecranon fossa

Scapula spine

A prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa.

Coracoid process

A small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula. Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint.

Proximal radioulnar joint

An example of a pivot joint

Arm joints

Ball and socket: Head of humerus and Glenoid cavity HInge Joint: Trochlea of humerus and olecranon process of ulna Pivot joint: Distal end of the radius rotates around the ulna - requires a sheath (ligament) that wraps around the radius

Olecranon process

Found at the proximal end of the ulna and forms the point of the elbow - prevents hyperextension

Deltoid tuberosity

Half way down the shaft of the humerus on its lateral side. This V shaped roughened area is the attachment site for the deltoid muscle of the shoulder

Capitulum

Is a process that articulates with the head of the radius.

Ulna

Is one of the two long bones in the forearm (the other is the radius). It extends from the elbow to the wrist and runs parallel to the radius, which it exceeds in length and size. Features include the Olecranon process, Proximal radioulnar joint, Head of ulna and Styloid process

Glenoid cavity

It is a shallow pyriform (pear-shaped), articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. This cavity forms the glenohumeral joint along with the humerus. This type of joint is classified as a synovial, ball and socket joint.

Joints in the hand

Plane joint: Intercarpal and intertarsal joints Condyloid joint: Knuckle joints Saddle joint: Carpo metacarpal thumb joint

Scapula

The bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Includes the Acromian process, Coracoid process, Glenoid cavity and spine

Clavicle

The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the scapula and the breastbone.

Trochlea

The pulley shaped process which forms a hinge joint with the ulna of the forearm. The humeral trochlea is the medial portion of the articular surface of the elbow joint which articulates with the trochlear notch on the ulna in the forearm.

Styloid process (ulna and radius)

The radial styloid process is a projection of bone on the lateral surface of the distal radius bone. The styloid process of the ulna is found at distal end of the forearm, and projects from the medial and back part of the bone

Radius

The radius is part of two joints: the elbow and the wrist. It is one of the two large bones of the forearm.

Shoulder girdle

The set of bones which connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula

The elbow joint

The trochlea of the humerus forms a hinge joint with the olecranon process of the ulna