Andrew Carnegie, Philanthropist with exam review, Communication: Analyzing Bias and Propaganda with exam review, The Crisis, No.1 with exam review, Manufacturing a 14AP4 Picture Tube with exam review, Where Have All the Leaders Gone?, Excerpt with ex...

glittering generalities

A political candidate gives a speech to a group of veterans. She wears a blue suit, a white blouse, and a red scarf. She uses the words "our proud flag," "freedom," "liberty," and "honorable service" multiple times. What propaganda technique is the politician using? A) testimonial B) name calling C) glittering generalities D) card stacking

testimonial

A prescription drug advertisement uses a famous surgeon to tell the audience that this drug saves lives. What propaganda technique is being employed in this advertisement? A) transfer B) bandwagon C) glittering generalities D) testimonial

gets the audience's attention.

A strong introduction for a persuasive essay establishes the issue, gives the writer's position, and A) describes the opposing position. B) gets the audience's attention. C) summarizes a convincing argument. D) appeals to the reader's logic.

a cosmograph.

A visual of a map color-coded to indicate states' rates of consumer debt is an example of A) a flowchart. B) a bar graph. C) a pie chart. D) a cosmograph.

organization chart

Adam just started working at an advertising agency and wants to know who his direct superior is. Which of the following will give Adam this information? A) bar graph B) flowchart C) timeline D) organization chart

plain folks

A political candidate attends a rural, small-town barbeque. Instead of his usual suit, he wears jeans and a shirt with the sleeves rolled up. He takes the podium and tells a story about his grandfather, who was a farmer. What propaganda technique is the political candidate using? A) plain folks B) glittering generalities C) testimonial D) bandwagon appeal

comparing data sets.

A bar graph is BEST used for A) clarifying data points. B) showing sequence. C) comparing data sets. D) illustrating frequencies.

the use of testimonial.

A celebrity endorsement is an example of A) the use of testimonial. B) a glittering generality. C) bandwagon appeal. D) card stacking.

to sell the program

A celebrity is being interviewed on television about a new weight-loss program that is named for her. What is the MOST likely implicit purpose of this interview? A) to sell the program B) to inform people about the program C) to evaluate the program's success D) to analyze the way the program works

two

A good persuasive argument has at least _________ pieces of evidence. A) two B) three C) four D) five

transfer

A new truck model's television advertisements use images of the vehicle navigating over rough terrain. A popular rock song plays as the handsome actor who is driving gets out to meet a beautiful woman. What propaganda technique is employed in this advertisement? A) testimonial B) bandwagon appeal C) transfer D) card stacking

from an independent consumer product testing organization.

A person who wants to buy a new computer would find unbiased information A) from an article in a computer magazine that features several computer advertisements. B) from the computer company's website. C) from an independent consumer product testing organization. D) from a cable television show about new computer technology.

negative transfer.

A political advertisement includes a photograph of a candidate next to a photograph of a known terrorist. This is an example of A) glittering generality. B) plain folks. C) negative transfer. D) bandwagon appeal

illustrative examples.

All of the following are included in an objective summary except A) main ideas. B) important points. C) brief descriptions. D) illustrative examples.

illustrating the plates that move to cause earthquakes.

An earthquake occurs when parts of the earth's crust move enough to cause tremors. The earth is made up of many layers. The crust and upper mantle form the surface layer, or lithosphere, which is broken into plates. When the plates move under, over, or past each other, an earthquake occurs. The graphic BEST supports the information in the paragraph by A) depicting the four layers involved in earthquakes. B) illustrating the plates that move to cause earthquakes. C) comparing the mantle with other layers of the earth. D) showing the thinnest to the thickest layers that make up the earth.

inferred.

An implicit statement about the author's purpose is A) reflective. B) inferred. C) summative. D) directly stated.

Because Carnegie's many philanthropic investments included libraries and museums but not sports complexes, we can infer that Carnegie valued education over entertainment.

Andrew Carnegie invested enormously in his business ventures, but he also invested in the improvement of mankind. Which answer choice draws an accurate conclusion? A) Because Carnegie's many philanthropic investments included libraries and museums but not sports complexes, we can infer that Carnegie valued education over entertainment. B) Knowing that Carnegie believed in the importance of the common man, we can understand why he invested in venues that would make sports and music available to everyone. C) Andrew Carnegie made his fortune on the manufacture and sale of steel, much of it used to build plants and ships during the war, and this is why he supported military expansionism. D)Carnegie's distrust of labor unions drove him to donate large sums to educational institutions, which he hoped would help people understand that workers were better protected by corporate profits than labor unions.

Carnegie, being an avid reader, donated five million dollars to the New York Public Library.

Andrew Carnegie is famous in part for his philanthropy. Which of the following passages supports this idea? A)Ironically, the same industrial growth that left his father without work would provide Andrew with the opportunities that later made him one of the wealthiest entrepreneurs of his time. B)While he was working as a messenger, Carnegie taught himself how to send and receive messages using the telegraph equipment. C)Carnegie, being an avid reader, donated five million dollars to the New York Public Library. D)Carnegie was able to corner the market on steel production by owning every step of the steel production process.

Carnegie knew what it was like to struggle and wanted to help ease the hardships of others.

Andrew Carnegie left a generous legacy for future generations. From reading about his life, what can we infer is a reason for this? A) Carnegie was very intelligent and able to spot an opportunity when it was presented. B) Carnegie was very proud and wanted to be sure that his name lived on after his death. C) Carnegie knew what it was like to struggle and wanted to help ease the hardships of others. D) Carnegie revolutionized an industry and used advanced technology to expedite production.

a table comparing energy costs with and without wind turbines

Brooks Electrical Cooperative's proposed plans to erect wind turbines on the coastal plains of Alaskahave piqued the interest of the Alaska Migratory Bird Society (AMBS). The proposed wind turbines would provide cost- and energy-efficient electricity to homes and businesses in the area. However, the cost and energy efficiency of using wind has not convinced the AMBS that wind turbines are the way of the future. Society members are still protesting the construction of wind turbines in fear that their presence will diminish the populations of Alaska's migratory birds. Which of the following would BEST support the main idea of this paragraph? A) a composite picture of Alaska's migratory birds B) a line graph showing growth trends of wind turbines C) a table comparing energy costs with and without wind turbines D) a map of Alaska's coastal plains that indicates the locations of the wind turbines

an effect generated by a cause can itself become the cause of the next effect.

Cause-and-effect relationships can be developed in a chain, which means that A) the cause is inextricably linked to the text. B) a single cause can have two or more simultaneous effects. C) an effect generated by a cause can itself become the cause of the next effect. D) the cause-and-effect relationship is not explicitly stated in the text and must be inferred.

make connections between ideas and events.

Choose the BEST answer: Recognizing the cause-and-effect patterns of a text can help you A) recall the text later. B) differentiate between shades of meaning. C) make connections between ideas and events. D) determine the author's intended audience.

a day-by-day account by a print journalist

Four authors have written books about Hurricane Katrina. Which one is MOST likely offering an objective account? A) a memoir by a New Orleans resident B) a day-by-day account by a print journalist C) a history-based novel by a southern writer D) a rescue organization's story of its history

a research report on Red Cross slogans

In which type of report would this image most likely be used? A) a research report on Red Cross slogans B) a report on the history of the Red Cross C) a report on donating to the Red Cross D) a narrative report on Red Cross posters

a concise statement of a principle containing a personal truth or observation, usually in a clever tone.

In The Crisis, No. 1, Paine uses aphorisms to appeal to the emotions and logic of the patriots. An aphorism is A) an appeal to the senses, painting a picture in the mind. B) a conceptual framework for comparing individual literary works. C) a style of language that is more informal, replicating a conversational tone to mimic everyday speech. D) a concise statement of a principle containing a personal truth or observation, usually in a clever tone.

an encyclopedia article

In which source would a researcher most likely find unbiased information? A) an encyclopedia article B) an oral history C) an editorial D) an advertisement

to inform.

Lee Iacocca's main purpose for writing Where Have All the Leaders Gone? is BEST described as A) to instruct. B) to persuade. C) to entertain. D) to inform.

"Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered."

Which quotation is an example of an aphorism? A) "Even the expression is impious..." B) "Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered." C) "I turn with the warm ardor of a friend to those who have nobly stood, and are yet determined to stand the matter out..." D) "I once felt all that kind of anger, which a man ought to feel, against the mean principles that are held by the Tories..."

argumentative writing.

Pulling information from biased source material can be appropriate for A) argumentative writing. B) analytical writing. C) creative writing. D) process writing.

sentence 1

Read a student's summary of a report by marine scientists. [1] Alain Evan's personal response to the discovery of the colossal squid may have been a resounding "Holy cow," but his report is considerably more scientific. [2] It combines biologists' efforts to contain the colossal squid as well as remarkable scientific facts about this unique creature. [3] The report includes graphic photos of the half-ton beast and also shows its intricate features. [4] Evan concludes that more studies on colossal squids will have to be conducted before marine scientists understand their behavior. Which sentence should NOT be included in the summary? A) sentence 1 B) sentence 2 C) sentence 3 D) sentence 4

point-counterpoint

Read the excerpt from The Crisis, No. 1, and then answer the question. "I call not upon a few, but upon all: not on this state or that state, but on every state; up and help us; lay our shoulders to the wheel; better have too much force than too little; when so great an object is at stake!" Which pattern of organization does Paine use in this excerpt? A) main idea-supporting detail B) climactic order C) point-counterpoint D) chronological order

those who are supporters when it is convenient

Paine carefully chooses words to make an impact on the reader and drive home his points. What is he referring to when he addresses the "summer soldier and the sunshine patriot"? A) the Continental Army's reserve forces B) those who are supporters when it is convenient C) the British soldiers who were stationed in Mediterranean ports D) those citizens who were born in Britain and are choosing to return

"Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER; and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth."

Persuasive writing is used to appeal both to logic and to the senses. Which statement from The Crisis, No. 1 BEST illustrates an appeal to logic? A) "The heart that feels not now is dead; the blood of his children will curse his cowardice, who shrinks back at a time when a little might have saved the whole, and made them happy." B) "Tis the business of little minds to shrink: but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death." C) "Say not that thousands are gone, turn out your tens of thousands; throw not the burden of the day upon Providence, but 'show your faith by your works,' that God may bless you." D) "Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER; and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth."

Carnegie's gifts to society consisted largely of libraries, schools, and museums.

Read the following excerpt from "Andrew Carnegie: An American Philanthropist" and answer the question below. "The rest of Carnegie's life was strictly devoted to philanthropy. He took his own set of interests and brought them to the American public. Carnegie, being an avid reader, donated five million dollars to the New York Public Library. This enabled the library to open several branches. Carnegie was also deeply committed to learning, and thus established the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh. This institute later became known as Carnegie Mellon University. Andrew Carnegie also created the Carnegie Museums, Carnegie Libraries, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace." What was the effect of the fact that Carnegie was an avid reader and learner? A) Carnegie devoted his life to philanthropy. B) The New York Public Library was able to open several branches. C) Carnegie's gifts to society consisted largely of libraries, schools, and museums. D) The Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh eventually became known as Carnegie Mellon University.

the fact that the managers worked for Carnegie

Read the following excerpt from "Andrew Carnegie: An American Philanthropist" and answer the question below. "As with any large company, the Carnegie Steel Corporation had its share of unfavorable events. The most notable occurred in 1892, when the company attempted to lower wages at a Carnegie steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania. The employees decided to strike. The managers of the company called in guards to disable the union that had formed. The conflict became violent, and consequently ten employees were killed. Although Carnegie was not present at the plant at the time of the strike, he was held accountable for his managers' actions in the eyes of many citizens." What caused Carnegie to be held accountable for the actions of his managers? A) the deaths of ten employees B) the company's attempt to lower wages C) the fact that the managers worked for Carnegie D) the fact that the dispute over wages ultimately became violent

Carnegie was attempting to persuade other wealthy persons to donate money for the common good.

Read the following excerpt from "Andrew Carnegie: An American Philanthropist" and answer the question below. "Carnegie believed that wealthy members of society had an obligation to use their fortunes to help others. He outlined these views in the article 'Wealth,' which he wrote in 1889." What effect was Carnegie trying to bring about by writing the essay "Wealth"? A) Carnegie hoped to motivate others to accumulate massive wealth. B) Carnegie was attempting to undermine the forces that caused wealth to come into being. C) Carnegie was attempting to persuade other wealthy persons to donate money for the common good. D) Carnegie sought the approval and admiration of all classes of people, rich and poor.

Carnegie's hard work and desire to learn led to his rapid success in business.

Read the following excerpt from "Andrew Carnegie: An American Philanthropist" and answer the question below. "Carnegie was thirteen years old when he began his first job in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. He worked as a bobbin boy for $1.20 a week. Next, he was employed as a messenger for a local telegraph company. While he was working as a messenger, Carnegie taught himself how to send and receive messages using the telegraph equipment. His motivation and dedication won him the position of private secretary and personal telegrapher for the superintendent of the Pittsburgh division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. This position put Carnegie in the sights of Thomas A. Scott, the superintendent of the entire Pennsylvania Railroad. Scott offered Carnegie a job. In addition to the job, Scott introduced Carnegie to the investment world and set up his first investment with the Adams Express Company. Three years later, Carnegie himself became superintendent." What is the main idea of this passage? A) Carnegie eventually replaced the man who hired him. B) Carnegie began working at a very young age for a very low wage. C) Carnegie's hard work and desire to learn led to his rapid success in business. D) The fact that Carnegie was the personal secretary of the superintendent of the Pittsburgh branch of Pennsylvania Railroad caused him to come to the attention of Thomas A. Scott.

The Civil War caused Carnegie to become involved in the iron industry, which caused him to witness the boom in demand for iron; this in turn caused him to organize a company that built iron bridges.

Read the following excerpt from "Andrew Carnegie: An American Philanthropist" and answer the question below. "Soon after, the Civil War began and Thomas A. Scott was tapped to supervise military transportation for the North. Carnegie worked beside him. The war greatly boosted the iron industry. Recognizing the opportunity, Carnegie resigned from the Pennsylvania Railroad after the war in order to turn his attention to the iron industry. After hearing about the loss of an important wooden bridge on the Pennsylvania Railroad due to fire, Carnegie organized a company to build iron bridges. This company, the firm of Piper and Schiffler, was later merged into the Keystone Bridge Company in 1863." Which statement below is the most accurate description of the causeand- effect relationships in the passage? A) The Civil War caused Carnegie to become involved in the iron industry, which caused him to witness the boom in demand for iron; this in turn caused him to organize a company that built iron bridges. B) Carnegie's resignation from the Pennsylvania Railroad Company caused him to organize a company to build iron bridges, which in turn caused him to notice the great demand for iron caused by the Civil War. C) The fact that Thomas A. Scott was supervising the military transportation for the North caused Carnegie to notice a boom in the demand for iron; this in turn caused Carnegie to organize a bridge-building company. D)The Civil War caused Carnegie to resign from the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, which caused him to become involved in the iron industry; this in turn caused him to notice the great demand for iron caused by the Civil War

He wants to appeal to the masses through his use of relevant examples.

Read the following excerpt from The Crisis, No. 1, and then answer the question. "Neither have I so much of the infidel in me, as to suppose that He has relinquished the government of the world, and given us up to the care of devils; and as I do not, I cannot see on what grounds the king of Britain can look up to heaven for help against us: a common murderer, a highway man, or a house-breaker, has as good a pretence as he." Why does Paine compare the king to a highwayman in order to accuse him of theft? A) He wants to relate to the soldiers by sharing secrets about the king. B) He wants to confuse the loyalists by sabotaging their communications. C) He wants to appeal to the masses through his use of relevant examples. D) He wants to convince the patriots to support the separation of church and state.

persuaded

Read the statement from The Crisis, No. 1, and then answer the question. "Not all the treasures of the world, so far as I believe, could have induced me to support an offensive war, for I think it murder..." Which word BEST defines induced as it is used in the statement? A) had B) brought C) stimulated D) persuaded

Olaudah Equiano evolved from being a slave to being an abolitionist.

Read the following passage and then answer the question. Olaudah Equiano was born in the region of Africa that is now called Nigeria. When he was eleven, Equiano was kidnapped from his village, sold to slave traders, and shipped to Virginia. He was later purchased by a British naval officer and was shipped again across the Atlantic. While working as a personal servant to the captain, Equiano learned to read and write, and he also acquired valuable seamanship skills. He was able to save enough money to purchase his freedom, and eventually became involved in the abolitionist movement in England. Which of the following is an objective summary of the paragraph? A) Olaudah Equiano evolved from being a slave to being an abolitionist. B) Olaudah Equiano was a slave, but he still taught himself to read and write. C) Olaudah Equiano developed exceptional talents that allowed his freedom in later years. D) Olaudah Equiano was mistreated by slave owners until he could buy his own freedom.

to persuade listeners to support his argument

Read the following passage and then answer the question. Adapted from Stanley Newens's Speech Against the Wage Stop Rule In 1974, Mr. Stanley Newens, a member of the British Parliament from Harlow, spoke to the House of Commons against the wage stop rule, which limited unemployment benefits. I greatly appreciate the opportunity of raising the subject of the wage stop rule, particularly as it has been a matter of controversy since its origin in the 1966 supplementary benefits legislation. According to the rule, unless there are exceptional circumstances, the amount of supplementary benefit payable to a claimant shall not exceed what would be his net weekly earnings if he were engaged in full-time work in his normal occupation. In other words, it means that if a man's earnings are less than the minimum established for benefit scales as laid down by the Supplementary Benefits Commission, the claimant is liable to lose part of his entitlement to benefit. In other words, he is asked to exist—with his dependants, of course—at below the minimum acceptable standards. That is surely an appalling state of affairs. Why did Stanley Newens include the second paragraph in his speech? A) to teach listeners about the wage stop rule B) to persuade listeners to support his argument C) to introduce his argument against the wage stop rule D) to reflect on one of the worst parliamentary legislations

impartiality, honorable

Read the passage and then answer the question. Adapted from "Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America" by Benjamin Franklin Savages we call them, because their manners differ from ours, which we think the perfection of civility; they think the same of theirs. Perhaps, if we could examine the manners of different nations with impartiality, we should find no people so rude, as to be without any rules of politeness; nor any so polite, as not to have some remains of rudeness. The Indian men, when young, are hunters and warriors; when old, counselors; for all their government is by counsel of the sages; there is no force, there are no prisons, no officers to compel obedience or inflict punishment. Hence they generally study oratory, the best speaker having the most influence. The Indian women till the ground, dress the food, nurse and bring up the children, and preserve and hand down to posterity the memory of public transactions. These employments of men and women are accounted natural and honorable. Having few artificial wants, they have abundance of leisure for improvement by conversation. Our laborious manner of life, compared with theirs, they esteem slavish and base; and the learning, on which we value ourselves, they regard as frivolous and useless. Which words support the purpose of these paragraphs from "Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America"? A) impartiality, honorable B) civility, counselors C) manners, transactions D) artificial, posterity

Tony Blair knows the attacks on Americans were by perverse religious and political fanatics.

Read the passage and then answer the question. Adapted from Prime Minister Tony Blair's Speech about the U.S. Terrorist Attacks There will be different shades of opinion heard today. That, again, is as it should be, but let us unite in agreeing this: what happened in the United States on Tuesday was an act of wickedness for which there can never be justification. Whatever the cause, whatever the perversion of religious feeling, whatever the political belief, to inflict such terror on the world, to take the lives of so many innocent and defenseless men, women and children can never be justified. Let us unite too with the vast majority of decent people throughout the world in sending our condolences to the government and the people of America. They are our friends and allies. We the British are a people who stand by our friends in time of need, trial and tragedy, and we do so without hesitation now. Which of the following is a subjective summary of these paragraphs from Tony Blair's speech? A) Tony Blair understands different opinions about the attacks on America. B) Tony Blair knows the attacks on Americans were by perverse religious and political fanatics. C) The attacks on the United States reinforce the close relationship between Britain and America. D) Attacks in New York killed many innocent people, and the British will stand by to help Americans.

Mr. Howells respected Mark Twain for his final personality.

Read the passage and then answer the question. Excerpted from My Mark Twain by William Dean Howells He was the most caressing of men in his pity, but he had the fine instinct of never putting his hands on you; he did not paw you with them to show his affection, as so many of us Americans are apt to do. Among the half-dozen, or half-hundred, personalities that each of us becomes, I should say that Clemens's central and final personality was something exquisite. His casual acquaintance might know him from his fierce intensity, his wild pleasure in shocking people with his ribaldries and profanities, or from the mere need of loosing his rebellious spirit. They might come away loathing or hating him, but one could not know him well without realizing him the most serious, the most humane, the most conscientious of men. He was Southwestern, and born amid the oppression of a race that had no rights as against ours, but I never saw a man more regardful of negroes. Which of the following is an objective statement about the main idea of the paragraph? A) Mr. Howells enjoyed Mark Twain's rebellious spirit. B) Mark Twain's personality sparked hatred among many. C) Mr. Howells respected Mark Twain for his final personality. D) Mark Twain fought for the rights of negroes because of his humanity.

Andrew Carnegie married Louise Whitfield in 1887 and had a daughter named Margaret. He passed away on August 11, 1919, due to a bout of pneumonia.

Read the passage, then answer the question. "Carnegie believed that wealthy members of society had an obligation to use their fortunes to help others." Which of these is not a supporting detail for this sentence? A) Andrew Carnegie married Louise Whitfield in 1887 and had a daughter named Margaret. He passed away on August 11, 1919, due to a bout of pneumonia. B)It is reported that in his will, he left nearly 350 million dollars to various charities and organizations around the country. C)Andrew Carnegie also created the Carnegie Museums, Carnegie Libraries, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. D)The American public continues to reap the benefits from Carnegie's immense devotion to philanthropy.

a person who takes risks to create and manage an enterprise such as a business

Read the passage, then answer the question. "Ironically, the same industrial growth that left his father without work would provide Andrew with the opportunities that later made him one of the wealthiest entrepreneurs of his time." What does entrepreneur mean? A) a person who gives generously of his/her wealth to effect positive change in society B) a person who takes risks to create and manage an enterprise such as a business C) a person who overcomes adversity through his/her talents and determination D) a person who immigrates to and begins a life in a new country or area

Andrew Carnegie was a hard worker.

Read the passage, then answer the question. "Next, he was employed as a messenger for a local telegraph company. While he was working as a messenger, Carnegie taught himself how to send and receive messages using the telegraph equipment. His motivation and dedication won him the position of private secretary and personal telegrapher for the superintendent of the Pittsburgh division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. This position put Carnegie in the sights of Thomas A. Scott, the superintendent of the entire Pennsylvania Railroad. Scott offered Carnegie a job. In addition to the job, Scott introduced Carnegie to the investment world and set up his first investment with the Adams Express Company. Three years later, Carnegie himself became superintendent." What can be inferred—but is not explicitly stated—from the information in this passage? A) Andrew Carnegie was a hard worker. B) Andrew Carnegie was generous. C) Andrew Carnegie was ethical. D) Andrew Carnegie was well connected.

England's Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution.

Read the passage, then answer the question. "The Seven Years' War doubled England's debt and increased the amount of overseas territory that needed to be defended. These new expenses for England motivated the creation of the Stamp Act, which was an impetus for conflict between England and the North American colonies, a conflict that led to the American Revolution." Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this information? A) England's Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution. B) The American Revolution doubled England's debt. C) The Stamp Act caused the Seven Years' War. D) England's excess debt was created by the American Revolution.

responsive

Read the passage, then answer the question. "The metal must be amenable to production processes which involve a wide variety of fabricating operations." What is the best synonym for amenable? A) responsive B) grateful C) sympathetic D) accountable

accelerate

Read the passage, then answer the question. He used advanced technology in order to expedite the production of quality steel. What does the word expedite mean? A) manufacture B) invent C) make obsolete D) accelerate

no pain, no gain

Read the quotation from The Crisis, No. 1, and then answer the question. "...the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph." Which common expression most closely explains the above aphorism? A) get out of hand B) no pain, no gain C) bend over backwards D) any way, shape, or form

a science reporter

Read the scenario, then answer the question. A television show moderator is interviewing a panel about proposals to cut the budget for the Hubble telescope program. Who is MOST likely to offer nonbiased information about the program? A) a conservative politician B) a science reporter C) a taxpayer D) a liberal politician

show that the war efforts affect everyone.

Read the sentence from The Crisis, No. 1, and then answer the question. "It matters not where you live, or what rank of life you hold, the evil or the blessing will reach you all." Paine uses this aphorism to A) focus on the atrocities of war. B) stress the importance of social status. C) show that the war efforts affect everyone. D) stress that everyone has an obligation to the cause.

benevolence

Read the sentence, then answer the question. The _________ of her generous donation allowed the children's reading program to continue. What word will BEST complete the sentence? A) emulation B) volatility C) benevolence D) entrepreneurship

pompous

Read the sentence, then answer the question. The bombastic senior held court over the freshmen in the Commons. What is the BEST synonym for the word bombastic? A) humble B) clever C) pompous D) successful

repetition

Read the statement from The Crisis, No. 1, and then answer the question. "...and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth." Which literary technique does Paine use to stress the main point of the statement? A) alliteration B) repetition C) aphorism D) personification

God will surely help a nation who used every means to prevent war.

Read the statement from The Crisis, No. 1, and then answer the question. "...my secret opinion has ever been, and still is, that God Almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every decent method which wisdom could invent." Which key point does Paine emphasize in this statement? A) The cause of this horrible war rests on British shoulders. B) It is God who will determine the outcome of this brutal war. C) The British have successfully avoided any attempt at peace. D) God will surely help a nation who used every means to prevent war.

immoral

Read the statement from The Crisis, No. 1, and then answer the question. "Even the expression is impious; for so unlimited a power can belong only to God...." What is the BEST meaning of impious as Paine uses it in this quotation? A) critical B) immoral C) unpleasant D) troublesome

Controversy regarding long-term effects and the abuses of privilege by some students have resulted in a trend toward schools banning cell-phone use in classrooms; however, I believe that this is a matter of personal choice and freedom, and that schools should not ban phones for those who use them responsibly.

Read this thesis from a student's persuasive essay. I believe that schools should not ban cell phones from the classroom. Which of the following is the BEST improvement on this thesis? A) America is a free country where individual liberty is cherished and valued. High school students should have the same rights as everyone else. B) For many reasons, I believe that schools should not ban cell phones from the classroom. I like to have my phone with me, and my parents want to be able to reach me at any time. Furthermore, if the office takes up the phones, that's just another job for the secretaries. C) A study conducted by the National Communication Company found that students who used cell phones were no more likely to have lower grades than those who did not own cell phones. Therefore, there is no good evidence that having a phone in class affects learning. D) Controversy regarding long-term effects and the abuses of privilege by some students have resulted in a trend toward schools banning cell-phone use in classrooms; however, I believe that this is a matter of personal choice and freedom, and that schools should not ban phones for those who use them responsibly.

patriotic call to duty and action.

The author's main purpose in The Crisis, No. 1 is to make a A) demand for freedom from England. B) patriotic call to duty and action. C) call for peace and prosperity. D) plea for arms and soldiers.

to describe the passage of time

The following chart was included in a Department of Justice report proposing a new prisoner rehabilitation program: In the report, how was this graphic most likely used? A) to persuade the reader B) to entertain the reader C) to describe the passage of time D) to narrate a sequence of events

"...he whose heart is firm...will pursue his principles unto death."

Which quotation from The Crisis, No. 1 MOST appeals to the readers' emotions? A) "Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered..." B) "I have as little superstition in me as any man living..." C) "...he whose heart is firm...will pursue his principles unto death." D) "My own line of reasoning is to myself as straight and clear as a ray of light."

persuasion.

The rhetorical mode that Thomas Paine uses can best be classified as A) description. B) exposition. C) narration. D) persuasion.

The Continental Army was facing a difficult mission, and Washington wanted to bolster morale among the troops.

Thomas Paine was serving as an enlisted soldier in the Continental Army when General George Washington asked him to read his pamphlet The Crisis, No. 1 to the troops. What was Washington's motive for asking him to read it? A) Washington admired Paine's writing ability and felt that his work should be shared. B) The Continental Army was facing a difficult mission, and Washington wanted to bolster morale among the troops. C) Paine was a more passionate speaker than Washington, so General Washington preferred not to read it. D) Paine had written an elaborate plan of attack, so Washington wanted him to share it with the troops.

to persuade readers that the cause of revolution was right

Thomas Paine's The Crisis, No. 1 is an example of wartime propaganda. What was the purpose of this piece of propaganda? A) to spread misinformation among the masses B) to promote Paine's career as a strong politician C) to persuade readers that the cause of revolution was right D) to convince the British soldiers that they were fighting a losing battle

Pine trees will be planted in each area.

Use the graphic to answer the question. What sentence is an accurate statement about the information in this visual? A) Ash trees will be planted in the front. B) More oak trees than ash trees will be planted. C) Pine trees will be planted in each area. D) Laurels will be planted in the front and back.

"An interesting thing to note is that the production process in the traditional production studio is actually at every major step in the distribution system." (Courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology)

Use the graphic to answer the question. Courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Which sentence does this visual illustrate? A) "An interesting thing to note is that the production process in the traditional production studio is actually at every major step in the distribution system." (Courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology) B) "If a consumer trusts the quality of TVs manufactured by Company X, he or she might assume that the parts inside that TV are unique to Company X." (Courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology) C) "While the tube is passing through the exhausting stage, any occluded gases (gas trapped in between molecules) in the metal electrodes, or in the surface of the glass, are driven off by heating and carried out through the exhaust pump." (Courtesy of www.earlytelevision.org) D) "Special annealing appliances have been constructed to maintain any desired degree of heat on the tubes over a considerable period of time, so that they can be cooled slowly and thus avoid any undue strain in the glass." (Courtesy of www.earlytelevision.org)

It is a visual illustration of a process.

Use the graphic to answer the question. What is the best description of this graphic? A) It is a flowchart describing a process. B) It is an old photograph illustrating a process. C) It is an organizational chart illustrating a process. D) It is a visual illustration of a process.

bar chart

Use the graphic to answer the question. What kind of visual is this? A) flowchart B) pie chart C) organizational chart D) bar chart

Brad

Use the graphic to answer the question. Who reports to Dave? A) Tina B) Linda C) Bob D) Brad

optimism

What does Lee Iaccoca say his father taught him? A) common sense B) optimism C) discipline D) adversity

the market for iron and steel for infrastructure construction such as train tracks and bridges

What economic opportunity was the primary cause of Andrew Carnegie's opportunity for fortune? A) the market for iron and steel for infrastructure construction such as train tracks and bridges B) improvements in the ways in which wooden bridges and buildings were constructed C) the discovery of oil and the invention of the gas-fired engine D) World War I and the need for ships and ammunition

It supports information presented in the report.

What is the main reason for selecting a chart or graph for a report? A) It compares parts of data to the whole. B) It gives an appealing visual representation. C) It supports information presented in the report. D) It shows instructions related to data in the report.

Getting legislation through Congress

What research-paper topic would be best illustrated by a flow chart? A) How Susan B. Anthony changed America B) Getting legislation through Congress C) The Internet and advertising D) NASA and the Challenger disaster

expository

What term is used to describe nonfiction written works such as newspaper articles, essays, and biographies? A) analytical B) explanatory C) expository D) persuasive

consider whether the source has a stake in the outcome of a particular issue.

When evaluating a source for bias, the researcher should A) rely only on scholarly credentials such as those associated with a university. B) utilize anything published as long as the publication is credible. C) always avoid first-person source material. D) consider whether the source has a stake in the outcome of a particular issue.

They both show the relationship of components to a whole.

Which BEST explains how a cosmograph is similar to a pie chart? A) They both represent cross-functional processes. B) They both show steps in a process or procedure. C) They both visually represent complex political statistics. D) They both show the relationship of components to a whole.

It supports the text as well as the solemnity of the situation.

Which BEST explains why the image is effective? A) It supports the information in the first paragraph of the article. B) It depicts the grave where President Kennedy's remains reside. C) It supports the text as well as the solemnity of the situation. D) It depicts President Kennedy's visit to the cemetery and his burial.

"This book should motivate every person who cares about freedom to become more involved in government."

Which explicit statement of an author's purpose for writing is an example of a persuasive approach? A) "This book should motivate every person who cares about freedom to become more involved in government." B) "My goal is to relate the story of the events of that day as I witnessed them." C) "I will drill down into each characteristic to find what is working and what isn't." D) "My work is designed to take your mind off your problems and, I hope, give you a laugh or two."

This manual will show you how to use technology to meet your daily organizational needs.

Which explicit statement of an author's purpose for writing is an example of an objective instructional approach? A) This guide will provide reviews of the most popular technology tools available to help with organizational skills. B) This manual will show you how to use technology to meet your daily organizational needs. C) If you need help with organizing and you read this, your life will change and for the better! D) I will share my experiences with organizing and help you to find hope that you too can get your life together.

a timeline

Which graphic would give the strongest support to a passage that explains the development of flying cars? A) a timeline B) a flow chart C) a line graph D) a cosmograph

"If We Want To Save Our Kids, We Must Control the Sale of Guns."

Which of the following article titles indicates the probability of bias? A) "Study Reveals Rising Rate of Gun-Related Deaths for Youth." B) "Expert Says Guns Easier Than Ever to Buy." C) "Gun Casualties Down In City." D) "If We Want To Save Our Kids, We Must Control the Sale of Guns."

People in the neighborhood should be allowed to make their own decisions about their pets.

Which of the following is a subjective statement? A) The new leash law will go into effect at midnight on September 1. B) An increase in the number of dog-bite incidents led to the town council's unanimous vote on the new law. C) People in the neighborhood should be allowed to make their own decisions about their pets. D) Any dog not restrained by a fence or a leash will be picked up by animal control officers and taken to the pound.

an editorial

Which of the following is always biased? A) an encyclopedia article B) a website C) a news article D) an editorial

Digital communications allows cell phones to be used for texting, which often replaces e-mails.

Which of the following is an example of a chain of cause and effect? A) Friends and family often communicate through texting using short messages. B) People are learning a new language appropriate for use in texting. C) Digital communications allows cell phones to be used for texting, which often replaces e-mails. D) Texting is sometimes used in bullying and other antisocial behavior.

A woman sitting next to me on the bus talked so loudly on her cell phone that passengers were covering up their ears with their hands.

Which of the following is an example of an anecdote? A) A woman sitting next to me on the bus talked so loudly on her cell phone that passengers were covering up their ears with their hands. B) An article in Psychology reports that cell-phone use in public places has ironically increased people's feelings of isolation and disconnectedness. C) The Harvard Center for Risk Analysis reports that cell-phone use results in $43 billion in losses due to accidents that occur while talking on the phone. D) Cell-phone technology has revolutionized the way people communicate by allowing instant contact, assisting in emergency response, and aiding the rise in telecommuting.

In this manual, students will be instructed on how to assemble cell phones.

Which of the following is an explicit statement of the author's purpose? A) In the review, employees must analyze the correct answers. B) Before I get a permanent job, I hope to explore ancient ruins in Peru. C) When readers are entertained, they are more likely to continue reading. D) In this manual, students will be instructed on how to assemble cell phones.

This article describes the history of the Hubble telescope in a very interesting way.

Which of the following is appropriate for inclusion in a summary? A) I believe the Hubble telescope's photographs will open new frontiers in science. B) "The mysterious and amazing images captured by the Hubble telescope show us how much we do not know," said one scientist. C) This article describes the history of the Hubble telescope in a very interesting way. D) Hundreds of scientists, technicians, and engineers work on the Hubble project.

"Candidate Will Change America For The Better."

Which of the following titles indicates the probability of bias? A) "Candidate Promises Change During Debate." B) "Candidate Will Change America For The Better." C) "Candidate Debate Focuses on Change." D) "Candidate Will Discuss Change At Debate."

sarcastic

Which of the following tones is NOT effective for convincing people that they should subscribe to your perspective? A) informal B) emotional C) sarcastic D) intellectual

a map

Which of the following would be the best visual to use in a report about the World War II D-Day invasion? A) a pie chart B) a map C) a bar graph D) a flowchart

the need for regulations prohibiting cell phones in classrooms

Which of these would be the BEST topic for a persuasive essay? A) the long-term effects of cell-phone use on brain development B) the ways in which cell phones have affected personal interaction C) the need for regulations prohibiting cell phones in classrooms D) a comparison of the features and costs of different cell phones

"The manufacture of the large cathode-ray tube proved very interesting." (Courtesy of www.earlytelevision.org.)

Which sentence is best explained by a visual? A) "The manufacture of the large cathode-ray tube proved very interesting." (Courtesy of www.earlytelevision.org.) B) "A surprising fact is that all the metal parts, such as the deflecting plates, electron gun, electrodes, etc., are made of pure nickel." (Courtesy of www.earlytelevision.org.) C) "It must also remain strong at high temperatures in order to preserve tube characteristics through evacuation and bombardment, and must permit strong spot welds while being rustproof and resistant to corrosion." (Courtesy of www.earlytelevision.org.) D) "The assembly of metal and glass parts is mounted on a glass envelope which is generally funnel shaped, and sealed in place." * (Courtesy of www.earlytelevision.org.)

"As a consequence of this event . . ."

Which set of words is likely to act as a signal for a cause-and-effect relationship? A) "Despite this event . . ." B) "Following this event . . ." C) "At the same time as this event . . ." D) "As a consequence of this event . . ."

Paine was a journalist who supported the ideals of the American Revolution.

Which statement BEST describes Thomas Paine? A) Paine was a novelist who described the American Revolution. B) Paine was a journalist who supported the ideals of the American Revolution. C) Paine was a founding father who helped write documents renouncing British tyranny. D) Paine was a British citizen who supported the Tories and American political views.

They express general truths that everyone can understand.

Why is Paine's use of aphorisms important in The Crisis No. 1? A) They express general truths that everyone can understand. B) They communicate ideals that all colonists are embracing. C) They state principles held by the colonists and the British. D) They state facts that prove the British are tyrants.

It is an effective way to organize information, and the fact that it is often sequential makes it easy to understand.

Why is the cause-and-effect structure so common in expository writing? A) It is an effective way to organize information, and the fact that it is often sequential makes it easy to understand. B) It poses value questions to readers unfamiliar with the subject matter, thereby generating greater reader involvement. C) It packs the greatest amount of information in the shortest possible space. D) It is the form of expository writing that lends itself most easily to the use of an outline.

because it was written to support a specific cause

Why was The Crisis No. 1 considered propaganda? A) because it called attention to particular politicians B) because it was written to support a specific cause C) because it reported previously unknown information D) because it forced others to believe in one political belief

Advertising

________ is the most common form of propaganda. A) Advertising B) Loyalty C) Patriotism D) Persuasion