Animal Nursing Final study
How does high level disinfection differ from sterilization? All forms of microbes may not be killed when using high level disinfection. There are no differences in these two techniques. High level disinfection uses liquid soaks while sterilization uses gases. High level disinfection uses time while sterilization uses pressure. Temperature is more important when using high level disinfection than when using sterilization.
All forms of microbes may not be killed when using high level disinfection.
How do anal sacs differ from anal glands? Anal sacs are lined with anal glands. There is no difference. They are adjacent structures. Anal glands are lined with anal sacs.
Anal sacs are lined with anal glands.
There are three known fatty acids- linoleic, alpha-linoleic and Taurine Arachidonic Lysine Glargine
Arachidonic
Which of the following organizations establishes standards for pet food labels in the United States? American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) Pet Food Institute (PFI) Food and Drug Association (FDA)
Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)
dissimilarity in corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike.
Asymmetry
Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement.
Ataxia
a wasting away, a diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part.
Atrophy
The act of listening for sounds made by internal organs to aid in the diagnosis of certain disorders.
Auscultation
Choose ethical issues that may be related to a digital radiography machine's internal technique chart. Choose all that apply. Increased scatter radiation causing higher dosimeter readings for employees Increased mA causing the images to be too dark reducing their diagnostic quality Poor image contrast causing non-diagnostic images High kV setting causing a higher radiation dose to patients
Increased scatter radiation causing higher dosimeter readings for employees Poor image contrast causing non-diagnostic images High kV setting causing a higher radiation dose to patients
In respect to their eating habits dogs are considered to be ______ while cats are considered to be ______ .
Omnivores Carnivores
What method of safely examining the sublingual region in patients' mouths was recommended by your McCurnin text? Open their mouth, grasp their tongue pulling it up and out to visualize the sublingual region. Press upward between the two rami of the mandible to assess the sublingual region. Use a tongue grasping tool to lift the tongue allowing visualization of the area. It is not safe to view the sublingual region in most patients.
Press upward between the two rami of the mandible to assess the sublingual region.
inactivated by organic material, low tissue toxicity, medium residual activity
Providone-iodine
Why should leading questions be avoided when obtaining a history? They bias the owner's responses. They cause the owner to forget what they know about their pet. They increase the time it takes to obtain a history. They cause the owner to mistrust the person taking the history.
They bias the owner's responses.
Care of a feeding tube and drain are similar in what way? They can produce drainage that can irritate the skin. They typically cause purulent discharge while healing. There are no similarities. The client can use soda to eliminate clogs. They include bandage care as well as tube/drain care.
They can produce drainage that can irritate the skin.
How should sharps at the veterinary hospital be safely disposed? They can be thrown away in the regular trash without additional precautions. They can be placed in a hard sided container and thrown out in the regular trash. They need to be placed in a sharps container and picked up by a medical waste company. They need to be placed in a hard container and picked up by a medical waste company.
They need to be placed in a sharps container and picked up by a medical waste company.
What purpose does a fluoroscope serve in veterinary medicine? To create slices of anatomy with static images To treat disease bone disease To create dynamic real-time images of anatomy To treat cancerous tumors
To create dynamic real-time images of anatomy
A product applied directly to an inanimate object. It destroys or irreversibly inactivates most pathogenic microorganisms, some viruses, but not usually spores.
Disinfectant
A person in the radiology suite wearing lead goggles, thyroid shield, apron, gloves and a dosimeter is as safe as a person outside the radiology suite. True False
False
CR cassettes are the same type of cassettes used for digital radiology. True False
False
Chemicals used to bath and dip animals are safe and do NOT require PPE to be worn by the person bathing the animals. True False
False
Commercial pet treats are formulated with balance nutrients similar to pet foods. True False
False
Commercial pet treats are formulated with balance nutrients similar to pet foods. True False
False
Dry food can be mixed with water and left for many hours without causing bacterial proliferation. True False
False
Equipment used to clean the surgical suite should be used in other areas of the hospital. True False
False
Homemade pet diets can be balanced by adding human vitamin supplements. True False
False
In the PDF Nursing Care for the "Down" Dog, recumbent animals are best described as animals that are lying down, but can easily stand and walk when prompted to. True False
False
It is appropriate to routinely use prophylactic antibiotics to make up for any asepsis breaks in a hospital's protocols. True False
False
It is dangerous to use the electrocautery unit by touching the its tip to a hemostat which is grasping a blood vessel. True False
False
It is easier to see radiographic density in tissues that are similar in thickness and mass. True False
False
It is permissible to place hands in the primary beam if wearing lead gloves. True False
False
Kidneys are fixed in the cat and move freely in the dog. True False
False
Large breed dogs need more calorie rich food during their growth phases than do toy breed dogs. True False
False
Lead gloves protect hands when laid on top of the hands. True False
False
Lymph nodes in patients under 6 months of age are normally smaller than those palpated in adults. True False
False
Mixing any disinfectant at a higher than recommended concentration makes it more likely to kill microbes well. True False
False
Removing clipped hair off the patient can be accomplished just as well using a hand or brush as a vacuum. True False
False
Significant protein reduction is recommended for geriatric cats. True False
False
Significant protein reduction is recommended for geriatric cats. True False
False
The Preventative Medicine section of the history includes the patients vaccines, microchip number and parasite preventions. True False
False
The Preventative Medicine section of the history includes the patients vaccines, microchip number and parasite preventions. True False
False
The number of pixels on the digital plate is more important than how they are wired together. True False
False
The skin inside the ear can be used to assess CRT. True False
False
Wearing long fingernails, acrylic nails and polish will NOT affect aspetic technique in the surgical suite because surgical nurses are wearing gloves. True False
False
X-rays only travel downward in a straight line. True False
False
Large meals should be avoided before exercise, particularly in large breed dogs, to minimize the chance of causing diarrhea vomiting Gastric dilatation megaesophagus
Gastric dilatation
The breakdown of circulating and structural protein into glucose is called Gluconeogenesis Lactation Hepatic lipidosis Hyperglycemia
Gluconeogenesis
What is the proper way to lift an animal. Hold the animal as close to you as possible; lift while using your legs not your back. Hold the animal as close to you as possible; lift while using your abdominal muscles not your back. Hold the animal slightly away from you; lift while using your arms not your back. Hold the animal slightly away from you; lift while using your legs not your back.
Hold the animal as close to you as possible; lift while using your legs not your back.
Choose the best example of open-ended questions. How much water do you think your dog is drinking each day? Is your dog drinking more water than he normally does? Does your dog eat dry dog food formulated for adult dogs? Did your cat vomit last month too?
How much water do you think your dog is drinking each day?
Choose any advantage(s) for double wrapping a pack. If only the outer wrap is damaged the pack is still considered sterile. The pack sterility is of a longer duration than a single wrapped pack. The pack drys faster during the final stages of autoclaving. A double wrapped pack is easier to handle and open during surgery. Steam stays in the pack longer during the autoclave process.
If only the outer wrap is damaged the pack is still considered sterile.
Choose a benefit of having the owner in the exam room with you and the patient for their presurgical physical exam. Increased communication between the owner and the patient. Increased communication between the hospital and the owner. Decreased communication between the owner and the technician. Decreased communication between the hospital and the patient. Increased communication between the owner and the technician.
Increased communication between the owner and the technician.
What effects can Toxoplasmosis have on humans? Toxoplasmosis causes blindness in humans. Toxoplasmosis causes deafness in humans. Toxoplasmosis causes an inhibition of limb development in human fetuses. Toxoplasmosis causes hydrocephalus in human fetuses.
Toxoplasmosis causes hydrocephalus in human fetuses.
What effects can Toxoplasmosis have on humans? Toxoplasmosis causes hydrocephalus in human fetuses. Toxoplasmosis causes an inhibition of limb development in human fetuses. Toxoplasmosis causes deafness in humans. Toxoplasmosis causes blindness in humans.
Toxoplasmosis causes hydrocephalus in human fetuses.
Adult cats and dogs are typically lactose intolerant and drinking large amounts of milk will cause them to have diarrhea. True False
True
Chemotherapy drugs can be absorbed directly through the skin and inhaled; they can be absorbed through direct contact with secretions from animals: urine, feces and other body excretions. True False
True
Chronic low level radiation exposure has been linked to radiation sickness and death. Wearing personal hearing protection is required when working in an indoor dog kennel for extended periods of time. True False
True
Employees fired for violating safety rules at work are unable to obtain unemployment compensation. True False
True
Employees have the right to point out safety issues at their workplace without fear of being fired or reprimanded. True False
True
Every digital radiography system handles dose slightly differently. True False
True
Feeding techniques used when animals are young affect their chances for obesity later in life. True False
True
Feeding techniques used when animals are young affect their chances for obesity later in life. True False
True
Grooming instruments should be cleaned and disinfected after every use. True False
True
In dogs the toe nail is a weight bearing surface. True False
True
It is necessary to call the client to check on the patient within 24 hours after discharge even when the client is given contact information and asked to call with any questions. True False
True
It is necessary to swab the skin above the venipuncture site to kill germs on the skin. True False
True
Leveling refers to density or brightness on the image monitor. True False
True
Mentation and gait assessment is considered part of the nervous system assessment. True False
True
Post operative client education should include contact information with a specific person to facilitate communication with the client. True False
True
Proper restraint is an important aspect of blood collection. Improper restraint can cause the vessel to be difficult to visualize. True False
True
The limitation of digital imaging is the pixel size, which limits the resolution. True False
True
The pH of instrument detergent is important to maintain the integrity of the instrument surface. True False
True
Unless a patient has a contraindication for exercise it is best for their mental and physical health to include exercise in their treatment. True False
True
Urine samples collected from litter boxes can be used for analysis. True False
True
When placing a urinary catheter it is necessary to cleanse the external genitalia and to don sterile gloves. True False
True
When placing the ear pieces of a stethoscope in your ears, the ear pieces should point towards your nose. True False
True
When thinking about digital radiography, an algorithm is a formula or set of rules used in calculations or data processing related to brightness and contrast of the image. True False
True
Choose the safety precaution for patients when using a fluoroscope. Stand out of the room to reduce your exposure to radiation. Set the machine for 1 minute exposure times to obtain diagnostic images. Use the proper lead PPE and stand as far as possible from the primary beam. Use the pulse function to reduce the patient's exposure time.
Use the pulse function to reduce the patient's exposure time.
The Right to Know OSHA law requires employees to do which of the following? Know all the clean up requirements for all the chemicals at your hospital. Read all the MSDSs/SDSs stored at your hospital. Know all the zoonotic diseases you may be exposed to at your hospital. Wear the PPE required on the MSDS for chemicals used at your hospital.
Wear the PPE required on the MSDS for chemicals used at your hospital.
The Right to Know OSHA law requires employees to do which of the following? Read all the MSDSs/SDSs stored at your hospital. Know all the clean up requirements for all the chemicals at your hospital. Wear the PPE required on the MSDS for chemicals used at your hospital. Know all the zoonotic diseases you may be exposed to at your hospital.
Wear the PPE required on the MSDS for chemicals used at your hospital.
Choose the best question to ask a client to assess their understanding of discharge information. What time should the pain medication be given today? Should you give the pain medication at 6 PM? When should you start the pain medication? Does the pain medication start today or tomorrow? Does the pain medication need to be given twice today?
What time should the pain medication be given today?
Choose the best explanation of windowing used in digital radiology postprocessing. Windowing refers to the size of the image. Windowing refers to the contrast range of densities. Windowing refers to the depth of the image. Windowing refers to the density range of contrasts.
Windowing refers to the contrast range of densities.
What is the characteristic of color?
a dye placed in the suture material to aid removal
What should a surgical nurse don when leaving the surgical suite? a laboratory coat a scrub top a surgical gown a jacket a smock top
a laboratory coat
When performing an abdominal palpation in a cat, which technique is preferred? a two handed technique a one handed technique a standing technique a lateral recumbency technique
a one handed technique
Choose the best definition of petechia. loss of pigment to an area of skin an area of skin that becomes darkly pigmented due to chronic irritation a purple skin lesion caused by a hemostatic defect a break through all the layers of skin
a purple skin lesion caused by a hemostatic defect
A smaller focal spot on the target creates a sharper image on the image receptor. a penumbra effect on the image receptor. more electrons and a stronger x-ray beam. less electrons and a weaker x-ray beam. a stronger heel effect of the x-ray beam.
a sharper image on the image receptor.
Choose all that apply. The geometric distortion called elongation is caused by an angled x-ray beam towards the object parallel to image receptor an angled object in the x-ray beam perpendicular to the image receptor increased distance of the object from the image receptor a parallel x-ray beam in relation to the object perpendicular to the image receptor a perpendicular x-ray beam in relation to the object parallel to the image receptor
an angled x-ray beam towards the object parallel to image receptor
Under what conditions would a dog be most likely to object to a fecal loop being placed in their rectum? an intact male dog over 8 years of age an intact female dog over 8 years of age a neutered male dog around 3 years of age a neutered female dog around 3 years of age
an intact male dog over 8 years of age
What equipment is used to assess the vertical ear canal of patients? an ophthalmoscope an otoscope a stethoscope a pulse oximeter
an otoscope
A product applied to the surface of living organisms or tissues to prevent or stop the growth of microorganisms by inhibiting the organism or by destroying them.
antiseptic
Mentation
any mental activity, including conscious and unconscious processes.
What type of blood sample would enable you to measure blood gasses? venous arterial whole Plasma
arterial
An absence of pathological organisms that cause infection.
asepsis
Choose the main focuses of the musculoskeletal part of the PE. Choose all that apply. assessing for lameness assessing for symmetry of limbs assessing for neoplasa assessing for color of integument assessing for toe nail wear
assessing for lameness assessing for symmetry of limbs
identifying only one ingredient (e.g. chicken) 10% for moist and 25% for dry foods 3% ingredient must be detectable by animal at least 70%
at least 70%
Chemicals should be stored in which of the following ways? in a locked cabinet in its original container at or below eye level on an open shelf
at or below eye level
rapid reduction of microbes; with chlorhexidine prohibits regrowth
avagard
Urine from a voided sample contains cells and debris from the lower urinary tract. What technique can be used when collecting a voided sample that minimizes these contaminants? catching a midstream sample catching the first sample in the morning obtaining the last sample of the day giving the animal water before collecting the sample
catching a midstream sample
When a technician needs to keep track of urine output what method of urine collection is used? catheterization manual expression voided collection cystocentesis
catheterization
Which route do the electrons travel? cathode to anode anode to cathode window to tube tube to window window to film
cathode to anode
Shaving a patient's surgical site with a hand held blade creates an easier surface to prepare aseptically. causes trauma to the skin increasing the chance for infection. is recommended for orthopedic surgeries due to increased asepsis. is a valuable skill for technicians to practice.
causes trauma to the skin increasing the chance for infection.
What is a common complication from force feeding patients a slurry with a syringe? getting bitten by the patient while placing the syringe into their mouth causing the patient to aspirate food into their lungs causing hypothermia by feeding cold food through the syringe making a mess with the food on the patient and cage
causing the patient to aspirate food into their lungs
When obtaining a blood sample from a patient with pyoderma what precaution must the technician take? disinfection of any purulent lesions on the skin in the puncture site disinfection of the patient's skin in the puncture site caution to avoid a puncture site where there are purulent lesions the puncture site must be scrubbed as it inserting an IV catheter
caution to avoid a puncture site where there are purulent lesions
Choose all that apply. Which items listed are types of suction machines? central vacuum electric machine air moving system alternating current vac-air system
central vacuum electric machine
What are typical feeding recommendations for lactating bitches? feed larger amounts of the bitch's maintenance dry diet add canned maintenance food to the bitch's maintenance dry diet change the diet to a canine growth and lactation formula feed a balanced homemade diet with added fat and vitamins
change the diet to a canine growth and lactation formula
Choose the disinfectant that is least irritating to tissue? chlorine based phenol based quaternary amine based iodine (iodophor) chlorhexidine
chlorhexidine
high effect against gram positive, low effect against gram negative, fair inhibitory effect against fungus, active against enveloped virus, minimal action against tubercle bacillus; active in presence of organic material; persistent effects
chlorhexidine gluconate
Urine used for a regular urinalysis, not for a bacterial culture, must be collected in a ____________ container. clean sterile laboratory metal
clean
Place the following scrubbing steps in the correct order to get you ready to don surgical attire. wash hands and arms with soap, clean the subungual areas of both hands under running water, rinse keeping hands above elbows, scrub hands and arms using timed or stokes method, rinse twice keeping hands above elbows, dry with sterile towel, don gown and gloves rinse twice keeping hands above elbows don gown and gloves scrub hands and arms using timed or stokes method wash hands and arms with soap clean the subungual areas of both hands under running water rinse keeping hands above elbows dry with sterile towel:
clean the subungual areas of both hands under running water rinse keeping hands above elbows rinse twice keeping hands above elbows don gown and gloves scrub hands and arms using timed or stokes method wash hands and arms with soap dry with sterile towel: wash hands and arms with soap, clean the subungual areas of both hands under running water, rinse keeping hands above elbows, scrub hands and arms using timed or stokes method, rinse twice keeping hands above elbows, dry with sterile towel, don gown and gloves
Which gloving technique is recommended for surgeries where a surgical gown is worn? closed gloving open gloving assisted gloving double gloving
closed gloving
The vein should only be punctured once to reduce the introduction of tissue fluid into the vessel. Tissue fluid (thromboplastin) causes clotting. infection. inflammation. Phlebitis.
clotting.
A device on the x-ray machine that limits the size of the primary beam is called the collimator window aluminum filter time switch voltage regulator
collimator
Pulse deficits are determined by obtaining an ECG obtaining blood pressure comparing HR and PR obtaining CRT
comparing HR and PR
Choose all that apply. Orthopedic preparation includes shaving completely around the limb. two clipper blades width from the incision site. up to the proximal joint and down to the distal joint. the limb twice to get rid of missed hairs. while the patient is in the surgical suite.
completely around the limb. up to the proximal joint and down to the distal joint.
Important characteristics of patient bedding include all of the following EXCEPT, which of the choices listed? disposable or easily cleaned consist of nontoxic materials are comfortable for the patient contain antimicrobial properties
contain antimicrobial properties
Choose the best definition for chemical cautery? corroding or burning of live tissue by use of a chemical agent to stop bleeding to stop the bleeding of live tissue by use of a painless chemical agent when the quick of a toe nail stops bleeding after using a chemical applying a chemical to a blood vessel to stop it from bleeding
corroding or burning of live tissue by use of a chemical agent to stop bleeding
Respiratory sounds typically heard when a patient has fluid in their lungs. crackles wheezes squeaks pops
crackles
To increase the chance for obtaining truthful information from the client you should include your beliefs and biases in your questions. create a rapport with the client and remain non-judgmental. tell the client about your experiences with your own pets. use leading questions to keep the client on track.
create a rapport with the client and remain non-judgmental.
What is the added benefit of including an indicator strip inside the pack when autoclave tape is already on the outside of the pack? ensures the pack contents (gauze and instruments)are sterile ensures contents were exposed to conditions needed for sterilization allows management to feel confident they are following federal guidelines allows veterinarian to adhere to licensing recommendations
ensures contents were exposed to conditions needed for sterilization
Which method allows for a longer duration of sterility? event related shelf life expiration date steam autoclave
event related
Choose all the complications of using a suture needle with an eye. excess tissue drag tissue damage compromising the strength of the tissue cuts through the tissue increases bleeding
excess tissue drag tissue damage
If a fractious dog is presented for a fecal sample collection the easiest method would be a sample excreted by the dog. obtained via fecal loop. obtained via gloved finger.
excreted by the dog.
While taking a history the patient should be exploring the room. contained in a carrier. kept close to the owner on a leash. in the waiting room. in a cage or kennel.
exploring the room.
What benefit do enzymes provide to instrument care? facilitating the break down of organic materials on the instrument surface maintaining the integrity of the instrument surface creating the proper pH of the cleaning solutions allowing the cleaning agents to penetrate instrument lumens
facilitating the break down of organic materials on the instrument surface
OSHA can fine employees for violations of workplace safety rules. True False
false
Steam is hot but it does NOT cause burn injuries. True False
false
Where can you obtain a pulse rate? femoral vein femoral artery dorsal pedal vein sublingual vein
femoral artery
Choose the part of the x-ray tube that produces the electrons. filament target focusing cup vacuum window
filament
Nuclear scintigraphy is used to view the ________________ of anatomical parts. form function size location
function
Choose the best answer. Before placing instruments in a pack they must be checked for functionality and wear. size and color. use and need. type and design.
functionality and wear.
Ringworm is transmitted by what means? cutaneous larval migrans: through direct contact only. fungal spores: through direct contact only. fungal spores: through direct contact and contact with clothing or objects. cutaneous larval migrans: through direct contact and contact with clothing or objects.
fungal spores: through direct contact and contact with clothing or objects.
Large meals should be avoided before exercise, particularly in large breed dogs, to minimize the chance of causing diarrhea vomiting gastric dilatation megaesophagus
gastric dilatation
What is recommended for behavioral health in 2-3 week old puppies? leave them alone to let the bitch care for them on her own make sure puppies receive appropriate vaccines on the correct schedule weigh puppies at least once a week to check for appropriate weight gain gentle handling to increase their ability to deal with stress
gentle handling to increase their ability to deal with stress
While obtaining fecal samples and working with feces in the laboratory technicians should wear the following PPE: (Choose all that apply.) gloves goggles apron plastic face shield
gloves apron
Appositional
good wound healing
The required PPE for a person using an ultrasonic scaler on an animal's teeth include all of the following EXCEPT which of the following? gloves goggles surgical mask gown
gown
The collision of the electron cloud with the tungsten target creates x-rays and _____________. heat gamma rays ultraviolet rays visual light infrared rays
heat
What is the main product of the reaction caused by the electron cloud hitting the target? heat x-rays electrons tungston Radiation
heat
Choose all that apply. Tungsten is used for the filament and the target because of the following properties: high melting point high atomic number low melting point low atomic number strength when coiled
high melting point high atomic number
Choose the type of system that is least likely to cause condensation to form on packs. high vacuum steam gravity displacement
high vacuum steam
What is a taper point needle type and purpose?
hollow organs, sealed suture line
A spleen is ______________ to a liver. hyperechoic hypoechoic anochoic echogenic
hyperechoic
Signs of protein deficiency include weight gain immunodeficiency urinary retention poor GI motility
immunodeficiency
Geriatric patients often present with degeneration changes that can increase/decrease their aggression. decrease increase
increase
If a radiograph is too light and the film is under-penetrated what setting should be changed and by how much? increase kVp 10-15% increase mAs 30-50% decrease mAs 30-50% decrease kVp 10-15% increase SID
increase kVp 10-15%
short wavelength=
increased penetrating power
A major difference between settings in small animal radiology and computed tomography is a increased time decreased time
increased time
Metabolism of excess amino acids increases liver and kidney workload decreases gastrointestinal motility causes refeeding syndrome stimulates pancreatitis
increases liver and kidney workload
A higher kVp setting affects scatter radiation in what way? increases scatter decreases scatter does not affect scatter directly increases scatter on the image receptor only increases scatter above the table only
increases scatter
Which type of digital radiography can loose data in the transfer of original image to computer image? indirect curved direct flat
indirect
Choose the two types of digital imaging available. flat and curved indirect and direct two screen and one screen computerized radiography and digital
indirect and direct
identifying one ingredient using the word flavor (e.g. chicken flavor) 3% 10% for moist and 25% for dry foods ingredient must be detectable by animal at least 70%
ingredient must be detectable by animal
What mechanism creates the diagnostic image when using nuclear scintigraphy? ionizing radiation from the gantry projected onto an image receptor injectable radioisotopes and a camera collecting the gamma photon bursts injectable radioisotopes and gamma radiation from the gantry gamma radiation from the magnets projected on an image receptor
injectable radioisotopes and a camera collecting the gamma photon bursts
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) uses what mechanism to create a diagnostic image? injection of a radioisotope that emits gamma rays uses sound emitted from a magnet uses a magnetic field that creates sound waves injection of a radioisotope that emits x-radiation
injection of a radioisotope that emits gamma rays
When looking for a low cost disinfectant with wide germicidal activity and some sporicidal activity, which of the following disinfectants would be the best choice? chlorine based phenol based iodine (iodophor) chlorhexidine Alcohols
iodine (iodophor)
When looking for a low cost disinfectant with wide germicidal activity and some sporicidal activity, which of the following disinfectants would be the best choice? chlorine based phenol based iodine (iodophor) chlorhexidine alcohols
iodine (iodophor)
effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, tubercle bacillus, fungi, viruses and some spores; inactivated by organic material; no residual effects
iodophors
Choose the best definition of pruritic. red itchy swollen inflamed
itchy
What affect does the kV setting have on the x-ray beam? kV controls the ratio of x-ray beams that are high energy versus low energy. kV causes the x-ray beam to move faster towards the patient. kV causes the x-ray beam to move more slowly towards the patient. kV controls the power of the electrons in the x-ray beam to penetrate.
kV controls the ratio of x-ray beams that are high energy versus low energy.
By what factor is the quality of the x-ray beam is determined? kVp mAs mA heel effect focal spot angle
kVp
What is the unit of measure used for energy in foods (nutrients)? heat kilocalories milliliters cups
kilocalories
The speed at which the electron cloud moves towards the tungsten target in the anode is controlled by kilovoltage milliamperage negative charge positive charge copper
kilovoltage
What setting on the x-ray machine causes the electrons to accelerate? kilovoltage milliamperage time line-voltage compensator rectification
kilovoltage
Choose the best description of moderate exercise when thinking about dogs. moving around in the cage or run. leash walks. playing in an enclosed yard. walking quickly on a treadmill.
leash walks.
How is a medicated bath performed differently from a cleansing bath? rinse three times to reduce shampoo irritation leave the shampoo on for at least for the recommended time (5-15 minutes) let the animal drip dry; do NOT towel dry cover more of the body, such as between the toes and on the face
leave the shampoo on for at least for the recommended time (5-15 minutes)
Excessive restraint can cause stress in a patient. What factors related to (blood) laboratory tests can change due to excessive restraint? (Choose all that apply.) leukogram cortisol glucose hemogram Lipemia
leukogram cortisol glucose
The bell piece of the stethoscope is designed for what type of sound? high frequency, as heard during breathing low frequency, as heard during some cardiac sounds softer sounds, as heard in pediatric patients louder sounds, as heard in large animal patients
low frequency, as heard during some cardiac sounds
Poor film-screen combination will mimic what setting errors? low mAs low kVp high mAs high kVp too short SID
low mAs
By what factor is the x-ray quantity controlled? mA mAs kVp kV seconds
mA
What setting on the x-ray machine controls the number of electrons produced in the electron cloud? mA mAs kV kVp time (s)
mA
When creating a new technique chart for you digital radiography machine, use the technique chart you had for 400-speed film/screen combination. What technical factor will need to be adjusted depending on the patient? kV SID mAs none
mAs
Which technical factors are combined in digital images to produce dose? mAs and kV mAs and SID kV and SID
mAs and kV
Choose the mechanism magnetic resonance imaging uses to create a diagnostic image. gamma radiation and gelatin imaging plates magnetic field and radio frequencies radioisotopes and gamma photon bursts ionizing radiation and digital image receptors
magnetic field and radio frequencies
Choose all the following that apply. For which of the following is the surgical nurse responsible? monitoring the patient maintaining sterility maintaining homeostasis opening packs and instruments pouring sterile water into a bowl
maintaining sterility maintaining homeostasis
Choose all lymph nodes that can be palpated in the normal patient. axillary mandibular inguinal prescapular popliteal
mandibular prescapular popliteal
Choose all that apply. What are ALL personnel in the surgical suite required to wear? mask cap clean scrubs sterile gloves shoe covers
mask cap clean scrubs
Choose all of the measures below that do NOT assess tissue perfusion. PR and strength T mentation mm color
mentation
Choose all of the measures below that do NOT assess tissue perfusion. PR and strength mm color CRT T mentation
mentation
Choose all that apply. While taking a history you can assess the patient's mentation gait temperament body condition Age
mentation gait temperament body condition
Choose all that apply. Suture patterns are categorized by method tissue opposed tissue layer sutured method of placement number of sutures type of material
method tissue opposed tissue layer sutured method of placement
The temperature of the tungsten filament in the cathode is controlled by milliamperage kilovoltage atomic number negative charge molybdenum
milliamperage
Why is distilled water preferred over tap water when cleaning and rinsing instrument? minerals in tap water cause instrument pitting tap water can be contaminated with bacteria distilled water balances the pH of the detergent ions in distilled water break down organic material
minerals in tap water cause instrument pitting
The guaranteed analysis listed on pet food labels lists percentages of the following nutrients. Choose all items that apply. moisture crude protein fat fiber vitamins minerals carbohydrates Sugars
moisture crude protein fat fiber
Bone is ____________ dense than muscle. more less
more
Choose all that apply. Before shaving a patient for a neuter the technician should double check the patient's name sex gender age breed
name sex
When preparing to collect blood a technician should maintain the sterility of the needle shaft syringe barrel needle hub syringe plunger
needle shaft
What precaution is vital when using an MRI to obtain a diagnostic image? contrast agents cannot be used with MRIs the patient must be bathed to keep dirt and other particles off the images no magnetic metal can be present in the room the patient must be awake to allow for the normal operation of body tissues
no magnetic metal can be present in the room
What is the purpose of the x-ray tube having a vacuum? no obstacles for the electrons while traveling to the target accelerates the electrons towards the target increases oxidation allowing electrons to travel faster the source of the electrons helps to absorb and dissipate heat
no obstacles for the electrons while traveling to the target
X-Ray beams have __________ mass and __________ charge. no; neutral small; negative large; positive small; positive large; negative
no; neutral
The most common nutritional disorder seen in small animal medicine. calcium phosphorus ratio imbalance obesity missing essential amino acids excessive protein
obesity
Choose all that apply. For what is a circulating nurse responsible? obtaining supplies opening supplies monitoring the patient handling tissues manage instrument table
obtaining supplies opening supplies monitoring the patient
When using a suction machine the suction tip and tubing is sterilized and wrapped. The circulating assistant hands them aseptically to the surgeon. What does the surgeon then hand to the circulating assistant? the suction tip gauze sponges lap sponges one end of the tubing
one end of the tubing
The body temperature can be evaluated at all of the following locations EXCEPT rectally orally aurally axillary region
orally
Choose the largest suture material listed below. ought (0) two-ought (2-0) three-ought (3-0) four-ought (4-0) five-ought (5-0)
ought (0)
Osteochondritis, hip dysplasia, panosteitis and wobbler's syndrome are all caused by the same nutritional problem. Choose the problem most likely to cause these disorders. overfeeding while growing calcium excess calcium deficiency underfeeding while growing copper deficiency copper excess
overfeeding while growing
Using the body condition scoring system from Bassett and Thomas (2014), what does 4/5 represent? very thin underweight ideal overweight Obese
overweight
Choose the best definition for tissue perfusion. oxygenated blood flowing to tissues through capillary beds unoxygenated blood flowing away from tissues through capillary beds capillary refill time a strong pulse character
oxygenated blood flowing to tissues through capillary beds
What is the most salient characteristic of premium grocery pet food brands? better-quality ingredients anthropomorphic appeal palatability all purpose foods
palatability
Choose all items below that should be listed on a patient surgical consent form. patient identification: name, signalment and descriptors all procedures being performed today on this patient the main procedure being performed today on this patient potential anesthetic and surgical risks to the patient. the surgeon's name the circulating nurse's name the owner's signature
patient identification: name, signalment and descriptors all procedures being performed today on this patient potential anesthetic and surgical risks to the patient. the surgeon's name the owner's signature
Choose an important aspect to monitor in geriatric patients related to adapting their environment to their needs as they age. patient's loss of sensory stimuli and mobility patient's loss of appetite related to loss of taste and dental issues patient's blood work values related to organ function patient's weight and body condition score as well as activity level
patient's loss of sensory stimuli and mobility
Choose the best disinfectant to use when there is organic material present. chlorine based phenol based quaternary amine based iodine (iodophor) alcohols
phenol based
When using monopolar electrosurgery you must: place a ground plate under the patient. use alcohol as an antiseptic. place an alcohol soaked gauze sponge under the patient. use chlorohexidine as an antiseptic.
place a ground plate under the patient.
inverting or everting
poor wound healing
Which type of wrap leads to the longest shelf life? linen cotton crepe paper pouches accordion pleat
pouches
Choose any of the following conditions that could complicate obtaining a fecal sample directly from a patient. prostate cancer, hyperplasia or inflammation anal sac impaction or infection colitis gastritis pyometra
prostate cancer, hyperplasia or inflammation anal sac impaction or infection colitis
If a cephalic venipuncture is not successful another venipuncture can be attempted in the same vessel. This second attempt should be placed _____________ to the first venipuncture. distal proximal cranial medial
proximal
How often should recumbent (down) animals be turned to prevent decubital ulcers and respiratory problems? q 1-3 hours q 2-4 hours q 3-5 hours q 4-6 hours
q 4-6 hours
Choose the fatal viral disease transmitted through saliva. toxoplasmosis Lyme's disease rabies brucellosis
rabies
In the interest of obtaining accurate information from the client, the technician may need to use ALL of the following techniques EXCEPT asking a question more than once repeating responses back to clients to check for understanding using non-medical language clients understand record the information accurately
record the information accurately
Spatial resolution improves as pixel size is _________________, but patient dose must be _________________ to maintain signal strength. increased; reduced halved; doubled reduced; increased doubled; halved
reduced; increased
Choose all items below that explain the importance of a patient's signalment. increases knowledge about the patient's behavior reduces diagnosis choices guides history allows reproductive counseling
reduces diagnosis choices guides history
A physiologic process wherein electrolyte shifts occur from extracellular to intracellular compartments as amino acids are reintroduced in called refeeding syndrome gluconeogenesis fatty acid synthesis anaerobic catabolism
refeeding syndrome
What affect does air have on sound? refraction transmission reflection impedance
refraction
Choose all that apply. What characteristics are useful for the material used to wrap surgical packs? permeability resistance memory rigidity impenetrability
resistance memory
Choose the area of a surgical gown deemed to be sterile. the entire gown including the front and back the front of the gown: chest down to the sterile field, the arms: above the cuffs to above the elbows the entire front portion of the gown except the edges gowns are not truly sterile
the front of the gown: chest down to the sterile field, the arms: above the cuffs to above the elbows
When an electrosurgical unit is used to make a surgical incision the incision heals faster. the incision heals more slowly.
the incision heals more slowly.
Percentages listed in the guaranteed analysis on food labels state _________________________________________ of nutrients. the maximum and minimum levels the exact amount a range of values the ease of digestibility
the maximum and minimum levels
What is the characteristic of structure?
the number of strands used to create the suture material
Choose the safety issue inherent in using nuclear medicine to obtain a diagnostic image the radioisotopes cannot cause a patient to be radioactive the camera can leak gamma radiation and must be leak tested before each use. the gantry is a gamma radiation emitter and must be measured using a Geiger counter. the patient is a radiation emitter via their body and excretions
the patient is a radiation emitter via their body and excretions
The best choice for the person to educate the client on surgical after care is the technician who cared for the patient in hospital. the veterinarian who conducted the surgery. the kennel assistant who reported patient problems. the receptionist who interacts with the client regularly.
the technician who cared for the patient in hospital.
What is the characteristic of memory?
the tendency for the suture material to return to a previously held shape
Neonates CANNOT perform which of the following items? nurse, which is why we tube feed them eat more often than three times a day make vocalizations and body language signals thermoregulate and eliminate on their own
thermoregulate and eliminate on their own
perineal scrub
three separate circular patterns: one to the right, one to the left, the last in the center, pattern is scrub, rinse, scrub, rinse, scrub, rinse
What is the function of oil surrounding the glass envelope in the x-ray tube? to keep the electrons and x-ray beam contained to aid in dissipating heat created by electrons hitting the target to maintain the x-ray tube's vacuum to help speed the electrons towards the target to facilitate the creation of the electron cloud
to aid in dissipating heat created by electrons hitting the target
Choose all of the following correct answers. Why is it important to review all medications and supplements a patient is taking before anesthetizing them? to avoid possible drug interactions to make necessary adjustments to the anesthetic protocol as a prompt for additional diagnostic tests to avoid possible clotting problems to let you know how well the owners care for the patient
to avoid possible drug interactions to make necessary adjustments to the anesthetic protocol as a prompt for additional diagnostic tests to avoid possible clotting problems
Choose all that apply. Why should every third suture be cut when removing a continuous suture pattern? to increase patient comfort to reduce contamination to increase healing to reduce scabbing to reduce overgrowth of skin
to increase patient comfort to reduce contamination
What is a taper-cut needle type and purpose?
tough fibrous tissue, cardiovascular procedures
Choose the best answer. A complication of using a suction machine in surgery is trauma to tissues. infection of tissues. inflammation of tissues. burning of tissues.
trauma to tissues.
Choose all that apply. What is included in the sequence of events in regard to a chief complaint? previous medical problems current preventative medications treatments tried for this complaint when the complaint started how the complaint has progressed
treatments tried for this complaint when the complaint started how the complaint has progressed
A technician can bring contagious diseases home to their own animals on their clothing and shoes. True False
true
Employees fired for violating safety rules at work are unable to obtain unemployment compensation. True False
true
To prevent puppies from learning to fear various situations and individuals veterinary professionals should address fearful behavior in puppies by doing which of the following? wait until the puppy feels better then give them something they want (food, toys) make sure the puppy understands its place in the social hierarchy use something the puppy wants (food, toys) to change the way the puppy feels use an aversive event (a loud sound, lay puppy on its back) to teach the puppy
use something the puppy wants (food, toys) to change the way the puppy feels
A cat's heart is typically ______________ compared to a dog's heart. ventral dorsal cranial caudal lateral
ventral
Ultrasonic waves are created by vibrating piezolelectric crystals high levels of electricity the use of M-mode the use of B-mode
vibrating piezolelectric crystals
Yellow fat disease or pansteatitis is caused by vitamin E deficiency vitamin E toxic effect vitamin B deficiency vitamin B toxic effect
vitamin E deficiency
Choose the easiest urine collection technique and one client can use. voided collection manual expression catheterization cystocentesis
voided collection
The sponge placed between the patient and ground plate of the monopolar electrosurgical unit should be soaked with...Choose all that apply. alcohol water chlorohexidine saline
water saline
Choose all that apply. Electromagnetic energy is found in which of the following forms? wave particle frequency wavelength energy
wave particle
Typically, 3 week old puppies can be offered a gruel of dry puppy food mixed with water. In which of the following situations would you wait to offer the gruel. Choose all that apply. weak puppies toy breed puppies brachycephalic puppies orphaned puppies
weak puppies toy breed puppies
Choose the best way to protect your skin when working with common veterinary chemicals. wash your hands immediately after handling the chemical wear PPE to prevent the chemical from having direct contact with your skin skin does not need protection from chemicals flush your skin with water after handling the chemical
wear PPE to prevent the chemical from having direct contact with your skin
What determines the order of ingredients listed on pet food labels? dry-matter basis weight nutritional value palatability
weight
When clipping a patient to prepare them for a surgical scrub the clipper blade should be held parallel with the patient's skin EXCEPT when creating a straight edge along the incision perimeter. the first time the clippers pass over the patient's hair coat. the final clip, in which the clipper should be held perpendicular. when running the clippers against the direction of the growth of hair.
when creating a straight edge along the incision perimeter.
When is the inverse square law useful? when the SID changes when the focal spot size changes when the target angle changes when the mA changes when the thickness of the body part changes
when the SID changes
Choose all items included in the General Management section of the patient's history. where and when the animal was obtained the environment where the animal spends its time daily activities of the animal the animal's diet and any changes the animal's regular behavior patterns
where and when the animal was obtained the environment where the animal spends its time daily activities of the animal the animal's diet and any changes
Why are soft brushes recommended over wire brushes for cleaning instruments? wire brushes cause scratches on the instrument surfaces soft brushes are better at removing encrusted debris wire brushes cause a reaction between the metals creating free radicals soft brushes reach into box locks and ratches with ease
wire brushes cause scratches on the instrument surfaces
Along with verbal instructions clients should be given written instructions. samples of medications. extra bandage materials. syringes. a technician's phone number.
written instructions.
Choose the mechanism a fluoroscope uses to obtain a diagnostic image. x-rays gamma rays electrons atoms
x-rays
Computed tomography uses what mechanism to view the tissue of a patient? x-rays sound radiographic isotopes magnets
x-rays
A dirty patient may need a bath before surgery to remove excess dirt. Why must they be completely dry before anesthetized? A wet animal is more likely to become hypothermic. become septic. create a drape strike through. contaminate the surgical wound. have a rough recovery.
become hypothermic.
Choose all that apply. What method(s) demonstrate a hospital's sterilization process is/are effective? biological indicators chemical strips autoclave tape patient outcomes
biological indicators
An orphaned puppy of 2 weeks needs to be fed. What type of food should you use? bitch's milk replacement queen's milk replacement human's baby formula a recipe using condensed milk and egg yolks
bitch's milk replacement
Radiographic density describes ________________ of the radiograph and is primarily controlled by ____________________. blackness; mAs differences; kVp thickness; callipers blackness; kVp differences; mAs
blackness; mAs
Which disinfectant loses stability quickly after it is diluted? nolvasan alcohol chlorhexidine bleach
bleach
A radiographic film that is too dark and is over-penetrated will exhibit which of the following visual clues? bone that appears gray bone that appears bright white anatomy that lacks density anatomy that is not clearly visible high contrast between bone and muscle
bone that appears gray
Choose all that apply. Which of the following are components of a suction machine? bottle tubing tip ethylene oxide gas
bottle tubing tip
What information is included in a patient's signalment? breed, age, sex and reproductive status name, description, gender and weight previous medical history, diet and preventative health measures body condition, weight and mentation
breed, age, sex and reproductive status
How is hypoventilation monitored in recumbent (down) patients? by monitoring respiratory rate and effort by monitoring heart rate and respiratory rate by monitoring mucus membrane color and capillary refill time by monitoring respiratory effort and mucus membrane color
by monitoring respiratory effort and mucus membrane color
Increased ability to penetrate objects and tissue
Low linear energy transfer (LET)
Choose the least traumatic type of suture attachment to a needle. swaged closed French eyed Half-circle
swaged
Choose the bacterial disease transmitted by ticks. Babesiosis Pneumonia Mycoplasma haemofelis Lyme's disease
Lyme's disease
Choose the bacterial disease transmitted by ticks. Lyme's disease Mycoplasma haemofelis Pneumonia Babesiosis
Lyme's disease
What is the characteristic of capillarity?
the ability of the suture material to carry microbes along its surface
Ocular discharge ________________ and ________________ should be described. symmetry color character amount
symmetry character
What is the characteristic of knot security?
the ability of the suture material to hold the knots
What is the characteristic of absorbability?
the ability with which the suture material can be broken down by the patient's body
What is the characteristic of tensile strength?
the amount of force in psi the suture material can withstand
What is the characteristic of flexibility?
the ease with which the suture material is manipulated
What percentage of the energy emanating from the collision of the electron cloud with the tungsten target are x-rays? 1 % 5% 10% 30% 99%
1 %
Using the equation to determine mAs from mA and time (in seconds), what is the mAs with these values? mA = 300; time = 1/30 10 100 30 330 110
10
identifying one ingredient including a modifier (e.g. chicken dinner) 10% for moist and 25% for dry foods 3% ingredient must be detectable by animal at least 70%
10% for moist and 25% for dry foods
A dosimeter should be worn under the lead apron the entire day working in hospital on a hook in the x-ray room during radiographic procedures constantly for a month
during radiographic procedures
Radiography contrast is to radiology as ________________ is to ultrasonography. echogenicity sound elasticity attenuation distance
echogenicity
Typically, the equipment used to obtain blood from a 20 lb dog includes: 22 ga needle and 3 cc syringe 27 ga needle and 6 cc syringe 20 ga needle and 3 cc syringe 25 ga needle and 6 cc syringe
22 ga needle and 3 cc syringe
identifying one ingredient using the word with (e.g. with chicken) 10% for moist and 25% for dry foods 3% ingredient must be detectable by animal at least 70%
3%
You have counted 8 inspirations and 8 expirations in a 15 second duration. What is the respiratory rate of this animal? 32 bpm 48 bpm 64 bpm 80 bpm
32 bpm
Peak lactation occurs when the puppies are 3 weeks old 4 weeks old 5 weeks old 6 weeks old
4 weeks old
Choose a typical SID used in veterinary radiology. 40 in 40 cm 30 cm 30 in 100 in
40 in
When auscultating the thorax for lung sounds into how many locations should you place your stethoscope diaphragm? 2 4 6 8 10
8
Testicles should descend into the scrotum, in most cats and dogs, by what age? 8 weeks 12 weeks 16 weeks 6 months 1 year
8 weeks
When an indwelling urinary catheter is placed and urinary output is being measured how much urine should be expected in a 40 kg dog in 2 hours?A normal patient's urinary output should be 1-2 ml per kg of body weight per hour. 80-160 ml 100-200 ml 40-80 ml 60-120 ml
80-160 ml
Choose the best definition for histograms when thinking about digital radiographs. A graphic display of an image within the machine's software. A formula that creates the image based on algorithms within the thin film transistor. A graphic display of an image within the thin film transistor. A formula that creates the image based on settings.
A graphic display of an image within the machine's software.
How does a bipolar system differ from a monopolar system of electrosurgery? A bipolar system requires a ground plate under the patient while a monopolar system allows the current to flow between the two tips of the forceps like handpiece. A monopolar system requires a ground plate under the patient while a bipolar system allows the current to flow between the two tips of the forceps like handpiece.
A monopolar system requires a ground plate under the patient while a bipolar system allows the current to flow between the two tips of the forceps like handpiece
Choose the best definition for the heel effect seen in diagnostic radiology. A variation of intensity of the x-ray beam such that the beam is stronger on the cathode side of the x-ray tube. A variation of intensity of the x-ray beam such that the beam is stronger on the anode side of the x-ray tube. The effect of the x-ray beam where it behaves as visible light fanning out from the target like a cone. The effect of the x-ray beam where it creates a less crisp image along the edges of its projected image.
A variation of intensity of the x-ray beam such that the beam is stronger on the cathode side of the x-ray tube.
Being exposed long-term to low levels of radiation can cause which of the following responses from your body? No response from your body as chronic low levels of radiation exposure is safe. The water within cells and tissue is damaged by chronic low level radiation exposure. Chronic low level radiation exposure has been linked to medical disorders and genetic damage.
Chronic low level radiation exposure has been linked to medical disorders and genetic damage.
Simple sugars and complex sugars are broken down to provide energy, which are stored in the form of ATP Linoleic acid Amino acids Protein
ATP
What do digital images look better than film images? edge enhancement spatial resolution contrast resolution screen brightness
edge enhancement
How does backscatter differ from scatter? Backscatter occurs after radiation has passed through the image receptor while scatter occurs above the table. Scatter occurs above and below the table while backscatter occurs after radiation has passed through any body in the radiology suite (animal and people) and bounces back through them again. They are different words for the same phenomena. Backscatter is less of a problem than scatter as it only fogs the film.
Backscatter occurs after radiation has passed through the image receptor while scatter occurs above the table.
Toxoplasmosis, when obtained from a cat, is transmitted through what means? By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which is how they are passed in the feces of a cat By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which take 1 day to develop after they are passed in the feces of a cat. By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which take 2-4 days to develop after they are passed in the feces of a cat By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which take 1 week to develop after they are passed in the feces of a cat.
By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which take 2-4 days to develop after they are passed in the feces of a cat
Toxoplasmosis, when obtained from a cat, is transmitted through what means? By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which take 1 day to develop after they are passed in the feces of a cat. By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which take 2-4 days to develop after they are passed in the feces of a cat By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which is how they are passed in the feces of a cat By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which take 1 week to develop after they are passed in the feces of a cat.
By ingesting sporulated oocysts, which take 2-4 days to develop after they are passed in the feces of a cat
According to the AAHA Feline Life Stages Guidelines, a minimum data base for a geriatric cat would contain what tests? CBC, serum chemistry, urinalysis, thyroid levels, blood pressure, chest radiographs, and fecal CBC, serum chemistry, urinalysis, chest radiographs, blood pressure, retroviral testing, and fecal CBC, serum chemistry, urinalysis, thyroid levels, ultrasound abdominal screening, retroviral testing, and fecal CBC, serum chemistry, urinalysis, thyroid levels, blood pressure, retroviral testing, and fecal
CBC, serum chemistry, urinalysis, thyroid levels, blood pressure, retroviral testing, and fecal
Choose the disinfectant with the longest residual effects. Chlorine based Phenol based Quaternary amine based Iodine (iodophors) Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine
Federal law, through OSHA, requires employers to create a safe workplace through which of the following means? Creating a hospital safety plan and training employees to follow it. Training their employees to be safe and finding them when they do not follow safety procedures. Providing employees with safety equipment and fining them when they do not wear it. Providing a hospital free of hazards and having MSDS/SDS for all chemicals in the hospital.
Creating a hospital safety plan and training employees to follow it.
Employees are responsible for ALL of the items below EXCEPT for which of the following? Creating a personal safety plan Reading the OSHA poster Reporting hazardous conditions to your supervisor Reporting job-related injuries or illnesses to the proper person
Creating a personal safety plan
Employees are responsible for ALL of the items below EXCEPT for which of the following? Creating a personal safety plan Reading the OSHA poster Reporting job-related injuries or illnesses to the proper person Reporting hazardous conditions to your supervisor
Creating a personal safety plan
If you are obtaining a urine sample for a bacterial culture the best method to use to obtain it is voided collection. manual expression. catheterization. Cystocentesis.
Cystocentesis.
What are fluoroscopes used for in veterinary medicine? Detailed imaging of bones and soft tissue for surgical repair Equine fracture reductions and for placing catheters, stents, and endotracheal tubes Small animal imaging of the central and peripheral nervous system Large animal imaging of reproductive tract and assistance with dystocia
Equine fracture reductions and for placing catheters, stents, and endotracheal tubes
How does gravity displacement differ from high vacuum steam sterilization? Gravity displacement machines create steam within the chamber while high vacuum steam machines force steam into the chamber. High vacuum steam machines create steam within the chamber while gravity displacement machines force steam into the chamber. Gravity displacement machines require a higher temperature while high vacuum steam machines require a lower temperature. High vacuum steam machines require a higher temperature while gravity displacement machines require a lower temperature.
Gravity displacement machines create steam within the chamber while high vacuum steam machines force steam into the chamber.
dose equivalent
Gy
A Sievert (Sv) is derived from the following equation Gy x quality factor = Sv Gy x thickness = Sv distance from focal point x mAs = Sv distance from focal point x kVp = Sv distance from focal point x quality factor = Sv
Gy x quality factor = Sv
Reduced ability to penetrate objects and tissue=
High linear energy transfer (LET)
A central component of hemoglobin and myoglobin molecule, which carry oxygen in the blood and muscle, is the micromineral Selenium Vitamin K Iron Molybdenum
Iron
Why is it necessary to obtain a HR and a PR? It is not necessary they measure the same parameter. It is important to measure both as they give unique information. OSHA requires both measures in patients. It is not necessary to measure both as one circulatory measure is sufficient.
It is important to measure both as they give unique information.
Choose the item listed that CANNOT be used by a technician to improve a canine patient's muscle tone and strength while reducing their peripheral edema? Keep them clean and comfortable. Take them for a leash walk. Give them a warm water bath. Give them a massage.
Keep them clean and comfortable.
To prevent rabies exposure technicians should do which of the following? Wear scrubs and closed toed shoes Obtain the preexposure vaccine and wear PPE Handle only vaccinated animals at their hospital Wash their hands after handling any animal
Obtain the preexposure vaccine and wear PPE
What instrument care must be performed immediately after the surgery ends? Organic material must be rinsed from the instruments. Instruments must be placed in the ultrasonic machine for cleaning. Sharps must be removed from the instruments in the pack. Instruments must be placed in a detergent bath at 100 degrees F. A technician must inspect all instruments for wear and function.
Organic material must be rinsed from the instruments.
What prevents mucus membrane moisture from being a reliable indication of patient hydration status? Panting drys mucus membranes masking good hydration status. Saliva production is not related to patient hydration status. Nothing. Mucus membrane moisture is a good indicator. A high swallowing rate reduces the moisture content of mucus membranes.
Panting drys mucus membranes masking good hydration status.
good activity against gram positive and less activity against gram negative bacteria, fair activity against fungi, virus and tubercle bacillus, minimally affected by organic material, residual a few hours
Parachlorometaxylenol
In what way are the anodes different in table-based (stationary) and portable x-ray machines? Table-based machines have stationary anodes where as portable machines have rotating anodes. Portable machines have stationary anodes where as table-based machines have rotating anodes. Table-based machines have larger anode target angles where as portable machines have smaller anode target angles. Portable machines have larger anodes where as table-based machines have smaller anodes.
Portable machines have stationary anodes where as table-based machines have rotating anodes.
After a blood sample is obtained it should be placed immediately into the proper tube. Choose the best process for this. Insert the needle into the stopper at the top of the blood tube and let the blood flow in by use of the vacuum inside the tube. Remove the needle from the syringe and the stopper from the blood tube, place the syringe tip in the blood tube pressing the plunger gently until the tube is full. Insert the needle into the stopper at the top of the blood tube and squirt the blood into the tube quickly to prevent clotting. Remove the needle from the syringe and the stopper from the blood tube, place the syringe tip in the blood tube pressing the plunger vigorously to quickly fill the tube.
Remove the needle from the syringe and the stopper from the blood tube, place the syringe tip in the blood tube pressing the plunger gently until the tube is full.
Choose the answer that lists the factors that determine the sharpness of the image. SID, OID, and focal spot size SOD, SID, and focal spot size kV, mA, and time kV, mAs, and SID
SID, OID, and focal spot size
Choose the best process for collecting a blood sample for culture. Wipe the area above the venipuncture site with alcohol, wait for it to dry then complete the venipuncture. Shave the area, scrub with surgical scrub, wipe with alcohol or other disinfectant solution then complete the venipuncture. Shave the area, scrub with surgical scrub, wipe with alcohol or other disinfectant solution, don sterile gloves then complete the venipuncture. The procedure for obtaining a blood culture is the same as any other blood collection procedure.
Shave the area, scrub with surgical scrub, wipe with alcohol or other disinfectant solution, don sterile gloves then complete the venipuncture.
Choose the type of surgical case where the patient shaving of the surgical site starts before the patient is completely anesthetized. emergency spay neuter thoracic abdominal
emergency
absorbed dose
Sv
You have counted a PR of 16 in a 15 second duration. What is the HR? 64 bpm The HR cannot be determined. 96 bpm 160 bpm
The HR cannot be determined.
You have counted a PR of 16 in a 15 second duration. What is the HR? 64 bpm The HR cannot be determined. 96 bpm 160 bpm
The HR cannot be determined.
What are the main advantages of PET over nuclear medicine? The PET scan creates a functional image with more accurate spatial resolution. The PET scan uses x-radiation instead of gamma radiation. The PET scan creates an image with more detailed anatomical information. The PET scan uses an injection that is not radioactive.
The PET scan creates a functional image with more accurate spatial resolution.
Once the needle is placed in the vessel the syringe plunger is pulled back to create enough pressure to pull the blood into the syringe. Choose all the complications seen when this pressure created is too high. (Choose all that apply.) There are no complications. The blood sample becomes icteric. The blood sample becomes hemolyzed. The vessel collapses onto the needle bevel. The vessel leaks into the tissue.
The blood sample becomes hemolyzed. The vessel collapses onto the needle bevel.
Choose the best definition for radiographic density. The degree of blackness on a radiograph. The degree of detail on a radiograph. The visual differences between adjacent tissue types. The thickness of body parts measured in cm. A measure of the intensity of the x-ray beam.
The degree of blackness on a radiograph.
What happens to the energy when radiation has high linear energy transfer LET? The energy passes through the tissue due to its ability to penetrate. The energy is transferred to the tissue through absorption.
The energy is transferred to the tissue through absorption.
Palpation
The examination of the body using the sense of touch.
How is the image captured when using a PET scan? The image is captured by computer pixels. The image is captured by film in a ring of cameras. The image is captured by bouncing the gamma rays back to the emitter. The image is captured by a ring of scintillating sensors.
The image is captured by a ring of scintillating sensors.
How is the imaging plate (IP) in a CR system prepared to take a new image? The imaging plate is flashed with a white light. The electrons within the photostimulable phosphors (PSP) become metastable when stimulated by the x-ray beam. The screen is prepared by waiting 6-8 hours between taking images. The imaging plate is covered with a laser from side to side.
The imaging plate is flashed with a white light.
How can kVp and mAs effects on the density of a radiograph be differentiated? The mAs setting also has a large effect on contrast. The kVp setting also has a large effect on contrast. Only kVp has an effect on density. Only mAs has an effect on density. The difference cannot be assessed visually.
The kVp setting also has a large effect on contrast.
What does the Santes' rule calculate? A change in mAs settings based on a change in SID. A change in kVp settings based on a change in SID. The kVp setting based on the thickness of a body part and SID. The mAs setting based on the thickness of a body part and SID. The time setting based on mA and kVp.
The kVp setting based on the thickness of a body part and SID.
Choose the best definition for tympanic membrane. The membrane that functions as the third eyelid. The membrane that grows over decubital sores. The membrane separating the external from the internal ear canal. The membrane lining the anal sacs.
The membrane separating the external from the internal ear canal.
Choose the best definition of mentation. The mental activity and acuity of the patient. The facial expression of the patient. When you have a mental advantage over the patient. The characteristization of the patient's ability to chew.
The mental activity and acuity of the patient.
The mA setting controls what aspect of the x-ray beam? The shape of the x-ray beam. The number of x-ray beams or photons The number of electrons in the x-ray beam. The speed of the x-ray beam.
The number of x-ray beams or photons
Contraindications for cystocentesis include: (Choose all the apply) empty urinary bladder. bleeding disorders. difficult to restrain. geriatric animals. kidney failure.
empty urinary bladder. bleeding disorders. difficult to restrain.
Choose the best protocol to ensure the surgical suite is kept clean and the microbial count is kept low. The room should include only necessary equipment and furniture. A daily schedule of cleaning and disinfecting should be instituted. Clean any organic material after each procedure. All surfaces in the room must be cleaned and disinfected daily including ceiling, walls and surgical lights. Clean organic material from surfaces after each surgery. Mop the floor at the end of each day with a cleaner/disinfectant. Before and after each procedure clean all horizontal surfaces. Vacuum and wet dust at the end of the day. The surgical suite needs to be cleaned on days when surgery is performed. Have a pattern of cleaning you use at the end of each surgical day.
The room should include only necessary equipment and furniture. A daily schedule of cleaning and disinfecting should be instituted. Clean any organic material after each procedure.
What is the function of the rotor circuit? The rotor circuit is used to rotate the anode in rotating anode machines. The rotor circuit is used to heat up the filament in stationary anode machines. The rotor circuit is used to pull the electrons across the vacuum of the x-ray tube. The time it takes for x-rays to penetrate the subject of radiology study. The rotor circuit is used to push the x-ray through the window of the x-ray tube.
The rotor circuit is used to rotate the anode in rotating anode machines.
What happens when a compressed gas tank falls and the regulator breaks off? The tank becomes a powerful rocket. The tank rolls over repeatedly. The tank lays where it fell. The tank will move slowly using the compressed gas as fuel.
The tank becomes a powerful rocket.
A commitment to adhering to aseptic technique and reporting, addressing and correcting breaks.
surgical conscience
Choose all that apply. When prepping a patient for surgery, in which situations would manual expression of the bladder be contraindicated? abdominal trauma bladder surgery thoracic surgery an amputation back surgery
abdominal trauma bladder surgery
Choose all that apply. Which of the following are advantages of using ultrasound over other diagnostic techniques? ability to differentiate fluid filled from solid masses ability to view patency of blood vessels ability to view distribution of lesions in tissue ability to view details in gastrointestinal tract
ability to differentiate fluid filled from solid masses ability to view distribution of lesions in tissue
An area of tissue beneath a hyperechoic feature will show what ultrasonic artifact? acoustic shadow acoustic impedance distant enhancement attenuation
acoustic shadow
Infections can be passed from the patient to people in the vicinity of the procedure by what process? Choose all that apply. aerosol direct contact indirect contact oral Infections cannot be passed during electrosurgery.
aerosol direct contact indirect contact oral
rapid effects against gram positive and negative bacteria, good activity against tubercle bacillus, many fungi and viruses, not sporicidal; no residual effects
alcohol
Having chronic exposure to waste anesthetic gas can cause spontaneous abortions and liver and kidney damage. These complications can be avoided by doing which of the following? use the safer anesthetics: isoflurane or sevoflurane. repairing any leaking hoses or connections. reduce the use of masking or box induction. all of the listed answers are correct.
all of the listed answers are correct.
Choose the best response. How does radiographic density affect radiographic quality? allows a range of blackness related to the rate at which x-rays are absorbed influences the beam angle in relation to the subject matter causes high contrast between tissue types reduces film fog
allows a range of blackness related to the rate at which x-rays are absorbed
Choose all that apply. Which of the following are advantages of using a high mA setting? allows for shorter time settings decreases exposure time increases amount of x-rays produced increases the speed of the electrons increases the penetration of the x-ray beam decreases intensity of the x-ray beam increases the quality of the x-ray beam decreases the size of the x-ray beam
allows for shorter time settings decreases exposure time increases amount of x-rays produced
Choose the common sites for arterial blood sample collection. (Choose all that apply.) dorsal metatarsal femoral lateral saphenous jugular cephalic
dorsal metatarsal femoral
Choose all that apply. Valid methods of suction used in veterinary surgery. syringe bulb syringe mechanical suction machine gauze sponges lap sponges
syringe bulb syringe mechanical suction machine
Choose all of the following criteria that are used to decide which suture material to use. patient size type of tissue strength required healing potential of tissue cost importance of tissue appearance type of packaging
suture material to use. patient size type of tissue strength required healing potential of tissue cost importance of tissue appearance
What are MRIs used for in veterinary medicine? the active motion of gases within the body are seen with acute detail the active motion of the fluids in the body are seen with acute detail due to the superior subject contrast, imaging of the brain, spinal cord, and soft tissue is enhanced due to the penetrating power of the beam, bones are particularly detailed
due to the superior subject contrast, imaging of the brain, spinal cord, and soft tissue is enhanced
When you increase the SID you _________________________ the intensity of the x-ray beam. decrease increase do not affect
decrease
When you increase the kVp you can _____________ the mAs. decrease increase
decrease
long wavelengths=
decreased penetrating power
A product that disperses and removes soil and organic material from surfaces. These products also reduce surface tension and increase the penetrating ability of water, thereby allowing more organic matter to be removed from surfaces.
detergent
what is radiographic contrast
differences between the appearances of adjacent tissue on a radiograph
Choose the best definition of acoustic impedance. differences in the way sound interacts with different types of tissues describes a type of tissue that stops sound causing shadows areas that appear black due to a lack of sound echos an image showing body tissue in a sagittal plane
differences in the way sound interacts with different types of tissues
Although there are many instrument cleaning protocols this protocol attempts to illustrate best practices as we understand it. Place the protocol for post operative instrument care in the correct order.: place in ultrasonic cleaning machine submerged in enzymatic cleaner diluted with distilled water; rinse off organic material under running water; hand wash instruments in instrument detergent with soft brush; lubricate with spray or bath; first rinse with distilled water; place in distilled water, enzymatic cleaner or detergent to soak; second rinse with distilled water; air dry
rinse off organic material under running water place in distilled water, enzymatic cleaner or detergent to soak hand wash instruments in instrument detergent with soft brush first rinse with distilled water place in ultrasonic cleaning machine submerged in enzymatic cleaner diluted with distilled water second rinse with distilled water air dry lubricate with spray or bath
When items are disinfected using high level disinfection what must happen before they are used on patients? The item must be rinsed with sterile water. dried completely and stored in its case. handled carefully to avoid breaking the fiber optics. flash sterilized immediately before use. wrapped in sterile packaging.
rinsed with sterile water.
Which item(s) is/are complications for anal sac expression? getting bitten and scratched vomiting and diarrhea pruritus and scooting rupture of anal sac and perforation of rectum
rupture of anal sac and perforation of rectum
A complication of manual expression for urine collection is blood in the urine sample. rupture of the bladder. cells from the upper urinary tract in the sample. tensing of the urethral sphincter.
rupture of the bladder.
Which of the following ear cleaning solutions are safe to use in an ear with a ruptured tympanic membrane? saline hydrogen peroxide dioctyl sodium succinate (Cerusol) chlorohexidine
saline
The mandibular lymph nodes can be confused with salivary glands musculature under the jaw blood vessels connective tissue
salivary glands
Choose all that apply. Personal protection equipment worn in the x-ray room protects personnel from scatter radiation secondary radiation the primary beam primary radiation bite injuries
scatter radiation secondary radiation
Choose all the ways a person can be exposed to radiation from an x-ray machine. scatter radiation the primary beam x-ray leaks from the tube housing developing x-ray film handling x-ray film post exposure
scatter radiation the primary beam x-ray leaks from the tube housing
orthopedic scrub
scrub from distal to proximal moving circumferentially, as sponge dries discard and obtain new sponge, pattern is scrub, scrub, scrub, rinse
Fecal samples, if not examined immediately, should be stored by placing in a sealed container in the refrigerator. sealed container at room temperature. glass tube with nutrient broth. glass tube with no additives.
sealed container in the refrigerator.
A calcium deficiency can result in secondary hyperparathyroidism urinary calculi refeeding syndrome renal insufficiency
secondary hyperparathyroidism
Choose the reasons for arterial catheter placement. (Choose all that apply.) serial blood gasses continuous blood pressure serial blood glucoses continuous blood pH serial blood pH
serial blood gasses continuous blood pressure serial blood glucoses serial blood pH
The electron cloud must impact the tungsten target at high speed to create an x-ray beam containing short wavelengths long wavelengths various wavelengths penetrating particles small particles
short wavelengths
X-Rays have a ______________ wavelength than visible light. shorter longer higher wider Lower
shorter
What is a cutting-edge and reverse cutting needle type and purpose?
skin, can compromise strength of tissue
Ultrasound uses _______________ waves to access tissue differences. sound heat x-ray echo voxel
sound
X-rays are to radiology as ___________________ are to ultrasonography. sound waves piezoelectric crystals modes echos
sound waves
When auscultating the heart a technician should assess all of the following. Choose all that apply. sounds rhythm rate color character
sounds rhythm rate
What does SID mean? source-image distance standard-imaging direction single-image distance source-imaging direction standard-image distance
source-image distance
A patient's signalment includes all of the following EXCEPT species breed sex reproductive status
species
target scrub
start at incision site move in circular motion towards edges of shaved site, discard sponge when contacts edge or hair, pattern is scrub, rinse, scrub, rinse, scrub, rinse
an absence of all living organisms and spores.
sterile
The area around, above and including a sterile object.
sterile field
Refers to the process, either physical or chemical, that destroys or eliminates all forms of life, especially microorganisms.
sterilization
When using CR imaging, the purpose of the screen in the cassette is to... store the image. increase film detail. reduce scatter radiation. increase film density. increase film contrast.
store the image.
Choose a main characteristic of a Ford interlocking suture pattern. strength flexibility fast easy Simple
strength
How do subcutaneous and subcuticular suture patterns differ? subcutaneous requires skin sutures; subcuticular does not subcuticular require skin sutures; subcutaneous does not subcutaneous is a continuous pattern; subcuticular is an interrupted pattern subcuticular is a continuous pattern; subcutaneous is an interrupted pattern
subcutaneous requires skin sutures; subcuticular does not
differences in thickness and mass of adjacent anatomical structures
subject contrast