Animation: Jet stream, rossby

Which of the follow statements reflects that respective region's climate?

San Francisco has dry summers and wet winters.

What are jet streams?

bands of high-speed wind found at elevations of 9-15 km

______ currents are circular movements of rising and descending air.

conventional

In which direction do jet streams generally travel?

west to east

The Coriolis effect is _____ at the equator and is _____ at the poles.

?

The main difference between climate and weather could be succinctly stated as __________.

?

What would you expect weather to be like on the eastern coast of Australia if the western coast of South America were experiencing unusually warm, wet weather?

?

Which of the following statements is best supported from the evidence seen in the Sea Surface Height Anomaly sub-folder data?

?

Why are anticyclones not generally associated with clouds and rain?

Air in anticyclones undergoes warming as the air descends.

Why are cyclones generally associated with clouds and rain?

Air in cyclones undergoes cooling as it rises.

When a ball is thrown in a stationary position, there is very little deflection in its path due to Coriolis effect, far too small for you to notice. But if the ball is thrown in motion, it will be deflected. You will relate the concept of the Coriolis force to a game of catch. The two-dimensional figure shows a game of catch played on a merry-go-round by nine children (the image is viewed from the South Pole). The alphabet A-H indicates the positions of eight children on the merry-go-round with the nineth child in the center. The arrows show the direction of rotation of the merry-go-round, which moves with a constant speed, moves with a constant speed causing a shift of 45∘∘. Assuming a child sitting in the center attempts to throw the ball directly to child D, which child will likely catch the ball?

C

Which of the following months had the highest sea surface anomaly from 1997 through 1999?

December 1997

Which statement describes the weather in a monsoon area in the Northern Hemisphere?

December had cold, dry, northerly winds; June, in contrast, had warm, moist, southerly winds.

Which of the following physical regions of south Asia had the greatest increase in precipitation from normal during the August 2010 monsoon?

Indus Delta

Which of the regions labeled in the Global Consequences folder would experience the most dry conditions during the summer of El Niño summers?

Isthmus of Panama

What is the Walker Circulation Cell?

It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions.

In 2010-2011, the United States experienced record winter snowfalls and spring tornadoes. Texas had droughts, heavy rains fell in Australia, and extreme droughts occurred in equatorial eastern Africa. The annual global temperature dropped 0.1°C. What can be most directly linked to these events?

La Niña

Earth rotates about its axis and all objects on its surface are constantly moving around in a large circle in space. The Earth's oceans and atmosphere are also spinning around with Earth at the same rate. The Coriolis effect may therefore seem predominant, but not all objects are influenced by it and not all the influences get noticed. Which of the following are influenced by Coriolis effect.

Ocean currents; helicopter, on a flight

Which of the following forces works to create cyclonic and anticyclonic wind circulation patterns?

Surface friction; pressure gradient; coriolis effect

Which situation describes a land breeze?

The boy on the shore watched the candle kite as it flew out over the lake until the candles burned out and the kite sank.

As shown in the video, what causes the item to deflate?

The higher pressure inside the item forces the air out into the lower pressure of the room.

When does the eastern United States experience unusually cold temperatures?

When the polar front jet stream forms a Rossby wave

Why does upwelling occur along the west coast of South America under normal conditions?

Winds moving westward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the west; deep water rises to replace water driven westward.

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate differences in atmospheric pressure?

a balloon

What is an anticylone?

a center of high atmospheric pressure

What is a cyclone?

a center of low atmospheric pressure

The thermocline is _________________.

a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water from warmer upper watera steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper warm water from colder upper watera steep gradient in the ocean that separates deeper saltier water from less salty upper watera steep gradient in the ocean that separates deeper less salty water from saltier upper water.

What older household item is used in this video to demonstrate the Coriolis effect?

a turntable (a recordplayer)

Where are the two main hemispheric jet streams located?

between 50 and 60 degrees latitude and at about 30 degrees latitude

During the day, air above sea is ____ than it is above land.

cooler

During El Niño, what is the main force driving the bulge of warm water across the equator from Indonesia to South America?

coriolis effect

Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Northern Hemisphere?

down, and in a clockwise direction

Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Southern Hemisphere?

down, and in a counterclockwise direction

Which direction do ocean currents in the South Pacific move under El Niño conditions?

eastward

As discussed in the video, air always moves from _____ atmospheric pressure regions to _____ atmospheric pressure regions.

high; low

Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere?

in a clockwise direction

Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere?

in a clockwise direction

How does air move near the top of a cyclone?

in the same direction as air in the upper atmosphere

What is the overall effect of the stronger than normal trade winds typical of La Niña conditions?

lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions

What are Rossby waves?

major undulations in the path of a jet stream

In the United States, El Niño affects places that otherwise ___________ by redirecting and concentrating storms, not necessarily by increasing the number of storms or amount of moisture.

might have been drier

Land-to-sea breezes (local winds) occur during ______

nighttime

Sea-to-land breezes blow in an ____ direction.

onshore

Even though it's on the same spinning planet, the Coriolis effect influences moving objects and diverts them to the _____ of their intended direction in the Northern Hemisphere and to the _____ of their intended direction in the Southern Hemisphere.

right; left

What is the Southern Oscillation?

the swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions

How can the jet stream return to normal zonal flow after Rossby waves build?

through separation of a mass of cold air from the jet stream

Under which conditions are droughts and wildfires common in Australia?

under El Niño conditions

Indication of a strong El Niño event usually begins with ___________.

warmer ocean water along the western coast of South America