ANS 320 Final

one gram of fat contains _____ times more energy than 1 gram of protein

2.25

feed efficiency can be calculated as Feed Conversion Ratio (feed to gain) or gross feed efficiency (gain to feed). Assuming we are calculating gain to feed, which value below represents the most efficient animal

4

your soybean meal sample was analyzed for nitrogen concentration and the results indicate 7.25%. How much crude protein is in that sample

45.31%

calculate FCR for a steer that has gained 100 lb in 30 days and consumed 22 lb of feed daily

6.6

if a diet contains 30% dry matter, how much moisture does it contain

70%

of the following compounds, which one would be contained in crude protein

-amino acids -amines -non-protein nitrogen -urea

of the following, which are inorganic compounds that would be theoretically recovered in ash

-calcium -iron -zinc

while executing the weende protocol for fiber system, which compound is extracted through the neutral detergent step

-cellulose -hemicellulose -lignin

fatty acids in the rumen of a cow from fat digestion may be

-degraded to volatile fatty acids (VFA's) in the rumen -undegraded and passed into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption -saturated by rumen microbes -elongated by rumen microbes

which information is important to collect to determine digestibility of a nutrient

-fecal weight -daily feed intake -nutrient concentration in the orts -orts

characteristics of molasses include

-high energy -contains NPN -highly palatable -highly laxative

which of the following is NOT a micromineral

-iron -cobalt -iodine -copper

vitamin ingredients added to diet formulation may be destroyed by

-light -heat -interactions with other vitamins -interactions with minerals

the definition of a calorie (cal) is the amount of heat required to increase 1 kilogram of water one degree celsius. When performing a calorimetric assay, we are trying to

-measure the potential energy of the feedstuff -burn the sample until its completely oxidized -measure the amount of heat released -measure gross energy

fermentation in the small intestine will produce the following compounds except

-none of the above vitamin A, K, C, B12

it is important to body condition score gestating sows because

-overfeeding and over fat sows in gestation have lower feed intake during lactation -very thin sows have a higher maintenance energy requirement -very thin sows are very active -overfeeding and over fat sows in gestation have lower fetal survival

what factors affect the maintenance energy requirement of beef cows

-physiology (age, sex, lactation stage) -environment (weather) -lactation period -breed

what factors affect the nutritional quality of forages

-plant species -maturity -season -soil conditions

the benefit to feeding broilers a crumbled or pelleted (processed)diet compared to a more natural seed/whole grain based diet is

-processed diets are more digestible -processed diets reduce the size of the gizzard -processed diets improve feed efficiency -you can feed less processed feed

what is/are problems that may arise with feeding excessive amounts of molasses in diets

-scours -difficult handling -rapid fermentation in the rumen

forage quality can be affected by

-species -maturity -processing -soil

nitrogen corrected metabolization energy (ME) is used for poultry. The nitrogen correction accounts for

-undigested protein -urea -urine excretion -uric acid

heat increment includes the folllowing

-work of digestion -heat of fermentation -heat of nutrient metabolism -energy lost to chewing and rumination

a tested grain sample determined it contains .95% total phosphorus but 70% is bound to phytate. How much of the phosphorus is available to the animal

.29%

as it relates to the nutritional digestion process, which of the following is incorrect

as molecules become smaller, absorption will always occur

match the following nutrients into the proximate analysis component they should be recovered in: Copper

ash

when it comes to feed efficiency, what is the correct ranking of least efficient to most efficient livestock

beef, sheep, swine, poultry, fish

expeller soybean meal, compared with solent extracted soybean meal contains more

by pass protein (RUP)

expeller soybean meal, compared with solvent extracted soybean meal contains more

by pass protein (RUP)

which of the following are macrominerals

calcium

Phosphorus can be taxing on kidneys as dietary excess is excreted in the urine. Phosphorus excretion also is an environmental concern and should be managed and controlled without feeding excess in animal diets. If our diet meets phosphorus requirements but is deficient in calcium, which feed ingredient would you select

calcium carbonate

which of the following is a marker used to determine digestibility in animal experiments

carmine

hindgut fermenters will have which compartment of the gastrointestinal tract more developed for fermentation

cecum

________ is the only required vitamin not found in plants. It is produced exclusively by microorganisms and cannot be synthesized chemically

cobalamin (B12)

there are two common laboratory methods to determine the percent nitrogen in a sample which one of the following is one of them

combustion system (LECO)

match the following nutrients into the proximate analysis component they should be recovered in: Oleic acid

crude fat/ether extract

match the following nutrients into the proximate analysis component they should be recovered in: hemicellulose

crude fiber

match the following nutrients into the proximate analysis component they should be recovered in: Tryptophan

crude protein

over feeding fat to ruminants will result in

decreased fiber digestion

which of the following is true about phosphorus in swine diets

diets are formulated using standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P)

the majority of starch (98%) is found in what portion of the grain structure

endosperm

poultry are fed to meet _______ requirements

energy

amylose is the more digestible form of starch compared to amylopectin

false

chickens can utilize both D2 and D3 as effectively as humans such that either can be supplemented in poultry diets

false

collection periods of digestibility experiments are always 5 days in length

false

maillard reactions are a form of heat damage where fat binds with sugars reducing available nitrogen

false

non protein nitrogen (NPN) is a protein source that can effectively be used in swine diets as well as ruminant diets

false

the calculation of TDN includes digestible ash

false

in the stomach of a canine, which digestion process is less likely to occur

fermemtative

which of the following animals is considered the most feed efficient

fish

when measuring digestibility its important to understand how different variables might impact your results. All factors affect digestibility except

fur color

which of the following is an antinutritive factor in cottonseed

gossypol

NDF is related to which of the following

gut fill

animal meals such as meat and bone meal are useful in poultry diets because they

have more available phosphorus then plant meals

in the energy partitioning system, metabolizable energy (ME) has not accounted for what energy losses

heat increment

when feeding horses, we usually classify them based on their activity level. When considering feeding animals based on that, which classification will require the highest concentration of digestible energy

heavy work

what component is found in NDF but not ADF

hemicellulos

general characteristics of forages used for feed include

high concentrations of fibers (such as NDF)

what is the unique trait about a horse digestive system

hindgut fiber fermentation

mark the incorrect statement as it relates to nitrogen free extract

in the lab, its analysis will use dry material from the muffle oven

through proximate analysis, in order to assess the mineral compositions of a feedstuff, it is necessary to analyze which portion of feed

inorganic

macro nutrient absorption occurs at these sites of the small intestine

jejunum and ileum

which of the following could not be fed to ruminant animals

lamb meal

what is the correct ranking of forages in relation to general protein concentration (high to low)

legumes, cool season grasses, warm season grasses

you are formulating a diet and need to balance for calcium without increasing phosphorus, which calcium based feedstuff do you select

limestone

of the following compounds, which one would be contained in ether extract

linoleic acid

in typical corn/soybean meal based diets, _________ is typically the limiting amino acid for swine

lysine

which of the following is an amino acid

lysine

what macro mineral can be deficient during the spring and fall in lush pastures and causes grass tetany is cattle

magnesium

the large intestine of horses has which type of digestion

mechanical and fermentative

for typical corn/soybean based diets ______ is typically the limiting amino acid for broilers

methionine

which amino acid is required for feather growth and protein synthesis

methionine

as it relates to potential of energy released, which nutrient below is unable to provide energy

minerals

if an animal consumes a diet on an as fed basis, does the amount he's consuming weigh more or less than the amount he'd consume if the water was removed (DMI)

more

match the following nutrients into the proximate analysis component they should be recovered in: Lactose

nitrogen free extract (NFE)

bloat in cattle is predominately caused by

over consumption of soluble proteins found in legumes

in the stomach of monogastric animals, which type of enzyme is released in the form of a zymogen, converting pepsinogen into pepsin

protease

for horse pastures, it is recommended to provide a salt block. These blocks need to include the following characteristics, except

provide urea supplementation source

after ingestion of macronutrients (protein, fat, or carbohydrates) some molecules will bypass the rumen complex and be digested at

small intestine, which is the site of digestion

vitamin E is added to feeds to meet animal requirements but also might be added to feeds in order to

stabilizes the feed and improves shelf life

my feed sample contains 4.5% ash. How can I determine the organic matter concentration

subtract the ash results from 100%

endophyte is a fungus producing a toxic compound found in ________ a common forage grown and grazed in the Midwest

tall fescue

what compound present in sorghum may cause decrease of digestibility

tannins

why d you use a desiccator during cooling, when performing a proximate analysis

to prevent moisture accumulation

the following are methods of determining the . moisture in a sample (or dry matter)

toluene distillation

RUP meets the amino acid requirement of a ruminant animals

true

animals have requirements for amino acids, rather than protein

true

litter weaning weights are affected by sow nutrition during lactation

true

the major concern with NPN is ammonia toxicity

true

using cannulated pigs allows researchers to determine more precise measures of amino acid digestibility

true

processing helps decrease this antinutrient factor in soybean meal

trypsin inhibitor

which type of fat has a greater rate of oxidation

unsaturated

the following organ is responsible for mechanical digestion in avians

ventriculus

carotenoids contributes to bird plumage and egg yolk color and compounds is what general nutrient category

vitamin A

horses should be fed a forage based diet. Forage should be at minimum _______ of the body of the horse

vitamin K

when formulating a diet, it is important to evaluate and take into consideration the moisture content. This relates to which term below

water in feed

which of the following ingredients would be used in a nursery pig diet but NOT a gestating sow diet

whey

least cost diet formulation is

a diet formulation that meets nutrient requirements and ingredient stipulations with a minimum cost

what feedstuff is ergot a concern

rye

prevention of rumen frothing can be achieved by the ingestion of which compound

saliva