ANSC 232 - Male Reproductive Anatomy
I'm surrounded by a gel-like substance.
Bulbourethral gland
What gland products gel plug in rodents and pigs?
Bulbourethral gland
How does the tunica dartos regulate the temperature of the testes?
changes surface area; more surface area allows to cool testes (relax), less surface area allows to warm testes (contracted)
urethra
common duct for semen and urine to travel; 3 sections are - 1. pelvic 2. ischial 3. penile
panting to cool the body
polypnea
examples of animals with vascular penis
horses, monkeys, humans (primates)
purpose of male reproductive system
make, store, and deliver viable sperm
testis
male reproductive organ (pl. testes)
penis
male sex organ used for reproduction and urination
Where are efferent ducts found?
mediastinum
Where are rete testes found?
mediastinum
inner portion of testes
mediastinum - 1. retes testes/tubules (exit)
seminferous tubules
narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm, hormones, protein, and fluid in the testes
What is the outer region of the testes?
parenchyma
Where are Leydig cells found?
parenchyma
Where are seminiferous tubules found?
parenchyma
Where are sertoli cells found?
parenchyma
outer portion of testes
parenchyma - 1. seminiferous tubules 2. Sertoli cells 3. Leydig cells
parts of penis
1. base - attached to ischial arch 2. shaft - main portion 3. glans penis - "free end"
types of penis (based on erection)
1. fibroelastic 2. vascular
sections of the epididymis
1. head (caput) 2. body (corpus) 3. tail (cauda)
function of scrotum
1. protection and support of testes 2. thermoregulation
6 parts of male anatomy
1. scrotum 2. testes 3. spermatic cord 4. excurrent duct system 5. accessory glands 6. penis
accessory sex glands
1. seminal vesicles 2. prostate gland 3. bulbourethral gland (Cowper's)
4 layers of scrotum
1. skin (epidermal) 2. tunica dartos (muscle) 3. scrotal fascia (tissue) 4. parietal vaginal tunic
How do males regulate temperature?
1. sweating or panting (species dependent) 2. cremaster muscle (distance from body) 3. tunica dartos (surface area) 4. pampiniform plexus (countercurrent blood exchange)
scrotum
2 lobed, multilayered sac enclosing testes
Number of regions of the urethra
3; pelvic, ischial, and penile
What is the specific spongy tissue that is responsible for erection in the penis?
cavernosum
T/F Temperature of testes is typically lower than temperature of body?
True; sperm typically needs a lower temperature to remain fertile. The exception is an animal that has testicles inside the body, such as birds.
pampiniform plexus
a network of testicular veins and arteries that provides blood and heat exchange from body and testes
function of seminal fluid
adds volume, vehicle for sperm delivery, and provides energy/nutrition to sperm
I'm at the fork in the 'road'.
ampulla
ampulla
area of ductus deferens that is enlarged; site where 2 ducts form single tube
vascular penis
blood vessels and erectile tissue ex. stallion
examples of animals with fibroelastic penis
bulls, rams, bucks, boars
What is the head region of the epididymis?
caput
What is the tail region of the epididymis?
cauda
I am surrounded by billions of sperm just being stored until ejaculation.
cauda epididymis
spermatic cord
connects body to scrotum; provides passageway; extends upward from the epididymis, attached to each testicle
It is getting colder out. Would the cremaster muscle be relaxed or contracted?
contracted
Does the pampiniform plexus warm or cool the blood as it enters into the testes?
cool
What is the body region of the epididymis?
corpus
What is the thermoregulatory muscle of the spermatic cord?
cremaster muscle
excurrent duct system
ducts/tubes which carry sperm out of the testes and eventually out of the body; anything outside retes testes
What matures and stores sperm?
epididymus
T/F There are no sweat glands located on the scrotum in primates.
false
What is the type of penis that has the sigmoid flexure?
fibroelastic
tunica albuginea
first layer of testes (after parietal vaginal tunic), also lines penis
countercurrent exchange
heat transfers by blood flow between testes and body; cool blood flows into testes, warm blood flows into body
function of testes
production of male gametes, hormones and proteins, and fluid
function of accessory sex glands
production of seminal fluid, vehicle for sperm delivery
I thought I was in Egypt amongst the pyramids, but alas i'm just in a cone.
prostate
What gives semen its characteristic odor?
prostate gland
What is the center of the testis?
rete
RPM
retractor penis muscle
What protects and supports testicles?
scrotum
tunica dartos
second layer of scrotum; smooth muscle that sustains contractions and changes scrotal surface area
prostate gland
secretes alkaline fluid (odor); found at base of bladder and encases urethra; cone
I can see fructose and semenogelin being synthesized.
seminal vesicles
What produces a majority of the fructose in semen?
seminal vesicles
What cells make up the seminiferous tubules?
sertoli cells
fibroelastic penis
sigmoid flexure (S); retractor penis muscles; limited erectile tissue ex. bull, boar, or ram
epididymis
single, coiled tubule surrounded by smooth muscle
cremaster muscle
skeletal muscle; provides thermoregulation by moving testes closer or father from body
What is the most superficial layer of the scrotum?
skin
seminal vesicles
smooth muscle that secretes majority of the seminal fluid (50-80%); paired gland, site of fructose synthesis and secretion, causes content to release during ejaculation, semenogelin (causes coagulation after ejaculation)
male gamete
sperm
tail of epididymis
sperm are motile, fertile, and stored until ejaculation
body of epididymis
sperm have little motility and fertility
head of epididymis
sperm have no motility or fertility
function of epididymis
store and mature sperm
corpus spongiosum
surrounds the urethra
vas deferens (ductus deferens)
thick walled, heavily muscled duct; 1 for each testis
function of vas deferens
transports mature sperm to the urethra
What is the smooth muscle of the scrotum?
tunica dartos
bulbourethral glands (Cowper's)
two small glands covered by smooth muscle that is part of seminal fluid production
A relaxed tunica dartos would indicate:
warm weather
Can an increase in temperature trigger polypnea?
yes
