ANSC 232 - Male Reproductive Anatomy

I'm surrounded by a gel-like substance.

Bulbourethral gland

What gland products gel plug in rodents and pigs?

Bulbourethral gland

How does the tunica dartos regulate the temperature of the testes?

changes surface area; more surface area allows to cool testes (relax), less surface area allows to warm testes (contracted)

urethra

common duct for semen and urine to travel; 3 sections are - 1. pelvic 2. ischial 3. penile

panting to cool the body

polypnea

examples of animals with vascular penis

horses, monkeys, humans (primates)

purpose of male reproductive system

make, store, and deliver viable sperm

testis

male reproductive organ (pl. testes)

penis

male sex organ used for reproduction and urination

Where are efferent ducts found?

mediastinum

Where are rete testes found?

mediastinum

inner portion of testes

mediastinum - 1. retes testes/tubules (exit)

seminferous tubules

narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm, hormones, protein, and fluid in the testes

What is the outer region of the testes?

parenchyma

Where are Leydig cells found?

parenchyma

Where are seminiferous tubules found?

parenchyma

Where are sertoli cells found?

parenchyma

outer portion of testes

parenchyma - 1. seminiferous tubules 2. Sertoli cells 3. Leydig cells

parts of penis

1. base - attached to ischial arch 2. shaft - main portion 3. glans penis - "free end"

types of penis (based on erection)

1. fibroelastic 2. vascular

sections of the epididymis

1. head (caput) 2. body (corpus) 3. tail (cauda)

function of scrotum

1. protection and support of testes 2. thermoregulation

6 parts of male anatomy

1. scrotum 2. testes 3. spermatic cord 4. excurrent duct system 5. accessory glands 6. penis

accessory sex glands

1. seminal vesicles 2. prostate gland 3. bulbourethral gland (Cowper's)

4 layers of scrotum

1. skin (epidermal) 2. tunica dartos (muscle) 3. scrotal fascia (tissue) 4. parietal vaginal tunic

How do males regulate temperature?

1. sweating or panting (species dependent) 2. cremaster muscle (distance from body) 3. tunica dartos (surface area) 4. pampiniform plexus (countercurrent blood exchange)

scrotum

2 lobed, multilayered sac enclosing testes

Number of regions of the urethra

3; pelvic, ischial, and penile

What is the specific spongy tissue that is responsible for erection in the penis?

cavernosum

T/F Temperature of testes is typically lower than temperature of body?

True; sperm typically needs a lower temperature to remain fertile. The exception is an animal that has testicles inside the body, such as birds.

pampiniform plexus

a network of testicular veins and arteries that provides blood and heat exchange from body and testes

function of seminal fluid

adds volume, vehicle for sperm delivery, and provides energy/nutrition to sperm

I'm at the fork in the 'road'.

ampulla

ampulla

area of ductus deferens that is enlarged; site where 2 ducts form single tube

vascular penis

blood vessels and erectile tissue ex. stallion

examples of animals with fibroelastic penis

bulls, rams, bucks, boars

What is the head region of the epididymis?

caput

What is the tail region of the epididymis?

cauda

I am surrounded by billions of sperm just being stored until ejaculation.

cauda epididymis

spermatic cord

connects body to scrotum; provides passageway; extends upward from the epididymis, attached to each testicle

It is getting colder out. Would the cremaster muscle be relaxed or contracted?

contracted

Does the pampiniform plexus warm or cool the blood as it enters into the testes?

cool

What is the body region of the epididymis?

corpus

What is the thermoregulatory muscle of the spermatic cord?

cremaster muscle

excurrent duct system

ducts/tubes which carry sperm out of the testes and eventually out of the body; anything outside retes testes

What matures and stores sperm?

epididymus

T/F There are no sweat glands located on the scrotum in primates.

false

What is the type of penis that has the sigmoid flexure?

fibroelastic

tunica albuginea

first layer of testes (after parietal vaginal tunic), also lines penis

countercurrent exchange

heat transfers by blood flow between testes and body; cool blood flows into testes, warm blood flows into body

function of testes

production of male gametes, hormones and proteins, and fluid

function of accessory sex glands

production of seminal fluid, vehicle for sperm delivery

I thought I was in Egypt amongst the pyramids, but alas i'm just in a cone.

prostate

What gives semen its characteristic odor?

prostate gland

What is the center of the testis?

rete

RPM

retractor penis muscle

What protects and supports testicles?

scrotum

tunica dartos

second layer of scrotum; smooth muscle that sustains contractions and changes scrotal surface area

prostate gland

secretes alkaline fluid (odor); found at base of bladder and encases urethra; cone

I can see fructose and semenogelin being synthesized.

seminal vesicles

What produces a majority of the fructose in semen?

seminal vesicles

What cells make up the seminiferous tubules?

sertoli cells

fibroelastic penis

sigmoid flexure (S); retractor penis muscles; limited erectile tissue ex. bull, boar, or ram

epididymis

single, coiled tubule surrounded by smooth muscle

cremaster muscle

skeletal muscle; provides thermoregulation by moving testes closer or father from body

What is the most superficial layer of the scrotum?

skin

seminal vesicles

smooth muscle that secretes majority of the seminal fluid (50-80%); paired gland, site of fructose synthesis and secretion, causes content to release during ejaculation, semenogelin (causes coagulation after ejaculation)

male gamete

sperm

tail of epididymis

sperm are motile, fertile, and stored until ejaculation

body of epididymis

sperm have little motility and fertility

head of epididymis

sperm have no motility or fertility

function of epididymis

store and mature sperm

corpus spongiosum

surrounds the urethra

vas deferens (ductus deferens)

thick walled, heavily muscled duct; 1 for each testis

function of vas deferens

transports mature sperm to the urethra

What is the smooth muscle of the scrotum?

tunica dartos

bulbourethral glands (Cowper's)

two small glands covered by smooth muscle that is part of seminal fluid production

A relaxed tunica dartos would indicate:

warm weather

Can an increase in temperature trigger polypnea?

yes