ANTH 275: Chapters 8-15
The newest and largest of Canada's provinces is __________.
Nunavut.
The Kuna people, known for their matrilineal descent and colorful molas, live mainly in __________.
Panama
Tok Pisin is one of the official national languages of __________.
Papua New Guinea
The culture which appears to have the simplest form of grammar is the __________.
Pirahã
Language endangerment is judged to exist when a language has fewer than __________.
10,000 speakers
Estimates of the number of indigenous people worldwide are __________.
300-350 million
About __________ people live on the Hopi reservation.
7,000
The stem household is most commonly found in __________.
East Asia (China and Japan)
A people's worldview always includes a religious element.
False
About one in every 10,000 people today is a refugee.
False
According to the constitution, the official state religion of Turkey is Islam.
False
All religions that cultural anthropologists have studied have anthropomorphic deities.
False
As yet, anthropologists have avoided studying aspects of the mass media.
False
Attempts to change the economy of the highland peoples of Thailand through alternative farming practices or relocation have been largely successful.
False
Capital punishment is most commonly used in tribal forms of political organization.
False
Compared to a myth, a religious doctrine is more likely to be unwritten.
False
Displacement is a key feature of nonhuman primate communication
False
El Salvador's population is predominantly indigenous.
False
Gullah men are largely responsible for "sewing" sweetgrass baskets.
False
Haitian braceros mainly go to Florida for wage work.
False
In Lebanon, Palestinian refugees are able to become citizens, work, and own land.
False
In the early years of cultural anthropologists' involvement with development work, they were most likely to play a role in the project identification stage.
False
International tourism has had little effect on indigenous arts around the world.
False
Investment in economic growth is the primary strategy of the United Nations' approach called "human development."
False
Mardi Gras is best thought of as a ritual of sacrifice.
False
Most anthropologists argue that art in museums should be presented with little or no supplemental information because such "context" is inherently biased.
False
No successful cases of women's cooperatives have been documented cross-culturally.
False
Prisons are the oldest form of social control.
False
Research on college campuses in the U.S. reveals that fraternities and sororities construct a sense of belonging through identical rituals.
False
Russia is now demanding back many objects from the Ukraine that have been housed in Ukrainian museums since the Soviet era.
False
Shell Oil has fully compensated the Ogoni people of the Niger Delta for the environmental and cultural damage caused by the petroleum industry.
False
Soldiers generally receive adequate cultural training before they arrive at a new location that provides them with an in-depth understanding of the context in which they will be operating.
False
Tattoos are universally associated with low-status members of society.
False
Thanks to efforts of the United Nations, we now have accurate demographic statistics on indigenous peoples.
False
Thanks to generous international donors, the billions of dollars of aid pledged to Haiti after the January 2010 earthquake reached the people in need within a few weeks of the disaster.
False
The Kayapo tribal groups are found in Melanesia.
False
The Klamath and Modoc Indians live in Canada.
False
The Muslim ritual of khatam quran creates a permanent sacred space.
False
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is an example of a cultural materialist theory.
False
The United Nations has authority over the issues surrounding internally displaced persons.
False
The Waanyi Women's History Project sought to preserve indigenous Australian women's culture in order to display it to tourists.
False
The city of Xi'an is located on the eastern coast of China.
False
The form of political organization typically found among horticulturalists is the band.
False
The issue of violence against women has long been accepted by development policy makers as being of high priority on their agenda.
False
The more different a refugee's place of origin and destination, the easier will be his or her process of adjustment to the new location.
False
The stem household is common throughout Europe.
False
The study of wife abuse in rural Kentucky found that the primary challenge was that women were unwilling to take advantage of existing social services and law enforcement.
False
When Muslim women in Kuwait wear a headscarf, the meaning it conveys is that the woman is an immigrant from a less-affluent Asian country.
False
When marriage involves a woman of lower status than the man, this is referred to as isogamy.
False
While there are many examples of women leaders in states, anthropologists have found no examples of women leaders in other forms of political organization.
False
A band is a form of political organization associated with __________.
Foragers
The only South American country whose official language is English is __________.
Guyana
The poorest country in the Western Hemisphere is __________.
Haiti
__________ is the heritage site in South India recently declared off-limits for regular use by local people.
Hampi
Which of the following is a characteristic of a tribal headman?
He is responsible for internal conflict resolution.
The two countries most centrally involved in the Tisza River pollution are __________.
Hungary and Romania
__________ is the country that receives the largest total amount of remittances.
India
The concept of the garden as enclosed within four walls is most associated with which religion?
Islam
The major religion of people of the Central Asian states is __________.
Islam
A religion that traces its origin to an important male figure is __________.
Islam Rastafarianism Buddhism Christianity
Which of the following statements about the Minangkabau culture is accurate?
It is the world's largest matrilineal culture.
The most serious internal security issue of Turkey is the __________.
Kurdish quest for greater cultural autonomy and rights
Which of the following is an effect of the World Bank's supposed neutral stance with regard to the power structure of a recipient country?
Loans are offered without regard to human rights issues.
The region in which cargo cults emerged is __________.
Melanesia
The category of big-man/big-woman leadership is most characteristic of which cultural region?
Melanesia and the South Pacific
Most Maya people live in __________.
Mexico and Guatemala
While the dominant religion in Italy is Roman Catholicism, recent immigration patterns have substantially increased the number of __________.
Muslims
__________ is the most populous country in Africa, with over 140 million people. It has over 250 ethnic groups, with the largest being the Fulani, Hausa, Yorúbà, and Igbo.
Nigeria
A prominent interpretation offered by cultural anthropologists about games and sports sees them as
"microcosms" of society
The term used in some US fraternities to describe gang rape of a woman is a/an __________.
"train"
Magic __________.
is most likely to be practiced in situations of uncertainty
Country music in Brazil __________.
is usually performed by a pair of men who are brothers or resemble each other critiques American-driven globalization draws heavily on United States country music emphasizes themes about the past
An example of a form of theater is _____________.
kathakali
The research tool showing the relatives known by an individual or "ego" is a(n) __________.
kinship diagram
Asian women are the fastest growing category of __________.
labor migrants
Typically, circular migrants are also __________.
labor migrants
The system of human communication based on a systematic set of symbols and signs with learned and shared meanings is called __________.
language
The point at which a language no longer has competent users is referred to as __________.
language extinction
The incest taboo __________.
leads to exogamy
The subfield of anthropology that addresses issues of social order and conflict resolution cross-culturally is called __________.
legal anthropology
Bilineal descent systems are __________.
less common than unilineal descent systems
Compared to states in northern India, states in southern India have __________.
lower fertility rates higher literacy rates lower population density less severe gender inequality
Social control in small-scale societies is centered around __________.
maintenance of social relationships informal enforcement norms the use of personalized mechanisms such as gossip or shunning
The study of Salvadoran immigrants on Long Island demonstrates that __________.
many new immigrant people take on low-wage work that other Americans are unwilling to do
Cross-national review of women's leadership roles in states indicates that __________.
many women leaders have attained a prominent position due to their relationships with men
The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the female line is called __________.
matrilineal
The word khipu refers to a __________.
method of record keeping without the use of writing
Two features of traditional Roma life are __________.
migration and marginality
In relationship to migration, the push-pull theory refers to __________.
motivations for migrating from rural to urban areas
The indirect expression of religious beliefs through stories about supernatural beings and forces is referred to as __________.
myth
Women's organizations for change __________.
none of the above
Despite Carneiro's views, cultural anthropologists have shown that war is __________.
not a cultural universal
focuses on equity in the distribution of benefits
oil
Gers, or yerts, are associated with which mode of livelihood?
pastoralism
In a case described in the textbook, anthropologists combined ethnographic data with data on the environment to provide risk assessments and improve service delivery to African __________.
pastoralists
Compared to a family, a household may include __________.
people who are not related by kinship
The CO-MADRES organization demonstrates that __________.
personal interests can mix with political interests
Sounds that make a critical difference in a language are referred to as __________.
phonemes
According to the textbook, a nation is a group of people who share a __________.
political organization language culture territorial base
In Beatriz Manz' case study of a Maya group who relocated to the jungle to start a new life, the major threat they experienced in the new location was from __________.
political violence
The major items that the Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China, believe to be impure are __________.
pork and alcohol
A structurist view of youth gang violence sees it as a result of __________.
poverty and constricted economic opportunities
An example of a political confederacy is __________.
pre-colonial Hawai'i the Iroquois the Cherokee the Algonquins
Human language has an infinite capacity for generating very efficient messages, a feature called __________.
productivity
The first phase of the project cycle is __________.
project identification
Traditional theater in India is often revised and used as street theater with the purpose of __________.
raising awareness of social problems such as dowry abuse
Shan tattooing in Thailand is an example of __________.
religious syncretism
Carnival is an example of a __________.
ritual of inversion
The three universal phases of life-cycle rituals, according to Victor Turner, are __________.
separation, transition, reintegration
Among the Apache, in situations of ambiguous relationships between people, __________.
silence is maintained
Where is Hindmarsh Island?
southeastern Australia
A case study of stress among boarding school girls in Madagascar revealed that stress expresses itself through __________.
spirit possession
A cultural materialist interpretation of Klamath and Modoc Indian myths, supports the idea that they __________.
store and transmit information for managing economic crises
The cultural materialist interpretation of Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism emphasizes __________.
strengthening the role of the elite by demonstrating their power and providing food to the people
World Bank requirements that lending countries adjust their spending away from social programs such as education and health is called __________.
structural adjustment
The current style in which cricket is played in the Trobriands is the result of __________.
syncretism local adaptation and change colonialism
The country of ________________ imprisons more people than any other country in the world.
the United States
Anthropological research shows that refugees have an easier time adapting to their new location when __________.
the culture of their destination area resembles the one they left
A major argument in anthropology and human rights policy about laborers who migrate to the Dominican Republic to cut cane concerns __________.
the degree of free will in the participation in cane-cutting in the Dominican Republic
In villages in India, a group of people who control most of the land and may also be the numerical majority are referred to as __________.
the dominant caste
Among the new immigrant groups in the United States, __________.
the largest number come from Mexico
Cultural anthropologists who study art focus on __________.
the meaning of art to the people of the culture ethno-esthetics the process of making art the artist
Dalits are __________.
the most oppressed social category in India
A major lesson gained from the study of change among the Saami is __________.
the need to do social impact assessments before introducing new technology
According to the "lifeboat mentality," __________.
the number of people in a group should not be increased because it will reduce resources available to those already in the group
The historical view of high rates of violence among the Yanomami emphasizes __________.
the role of the increased presence of Westerners in the region
The comparative analysis of Islam's Feast of the Sacrifice in Morocco and Sumatra shows that __________.
there is less specificity about which animals are to be sacrificed in Sumatra the Moroccan ritual receives far more public fanfare Islamic ritual practices vary cross-culturally Islam is more patriarchal as practiced in Morocco
Which of the following is not a general feature of African religions?
they prohibit elements of syncretism with other religions
Remittances are most closely associated with __________.
transnational migrants
The use of a physically painful procedure for determining guilt or innocence is called __________.
trial by ordeal
A study of Japanese interior decoration __________.
used home decorating magazines as a major source of data
A person's class position is __________.
usually measured in terms of income level
A comparison of how baseball is played in the United States and Japan revealed the importance of __________ in Japan.
wa
Among the low-income African Americans with whom Carol Stack did research, an important basis of economic survival is the creation of social bonds through __________.
Shared childhood, friendships, and monetary exchanges
A feature that unites the Masta Liu of Samoa is __________
Shared unemployment
Formal taxation most characterizes which form of political organization?
State
Brideservice involves __________.
The groom working for the bride's family
Historical linguistics originated in the 18th century after Sir William Jones discovered similarities in the vocabulary and syntax of Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin.
True
In English, Textese involves making words shorter and using several stock phrases that are widely recognized.
True
In Niger, the current marriage crisis is caused by the fact that many young men cannot raise the necessary funds for the brideprice and additional gifts to the bride's family.
True
In Turkey, belly dancing is influence by Roma dancing traditions.
True
In chiefdom forms of political organization, a combination of achievement and ascription is typically the basis of leadership.
True
In much of Latin America, local categories of "race" and ethnicity overlap.
True
In the United States, notions of romantic love are more strongly held by Euro-American women than by African-American women.
True
In the United States, southern states have higher rates of incarceration (imprisonment) than northern states.
True
Many body modifiers in the U.S. are motivated to alter their bodies through a wish to belong with a specific group of people.
True
Most cultural anthropologists would accept as the minimal accepted definition of marriage a "union between two or more people."
True
Productivity is the ability to create an infinite range of understandable expressions from a finite set of rules.
True
Proto Indo-European is the earliest form of the language family that includes Sanskrit and English.
True
Religious syncretism refers to the merging of a religious belief or practice from one religion with another.
True
Romania has the highest number of Roma of any country in the world.
True
Specialized forms of nonkin groups are more common in agricultural and industrial societies than in foraging, horticultural and pastoralist societies.
True
The Japanese terms for box lunch, "bentoo" and "obentoo," reflect gender code differences.
True
The Kurds are an example of an ethnic group that seeks to form a separate nation.
True
The Republic of Ghana has rich natural resources and exports gold, timber, and cocoa.
True
The Republic of Madagascar is the home of 5 percent of the world's plant and animal species, of which 80 percent are unique to Madagascar.
True
The Tisza disaster was the first environmental disaster in Europe in which the EU played a prominent role
True
The concept of class was especially important to the theories of Karl Marx.
True
The government of Australia has made substantial progress recently in recognizing Aboriginal territorial rights.
True
The major ethnic group in Ghana are the Akan.
True
The naming system in rural Hong Kong reflects the power, importance, and autonomy of males.
True
The tongue is placed against the roof of the mouth when making a retroflex sound.
True
Tourism is an important aspect of the economy of the Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China.
True
All systems based on inequality (such as" race," caste, etc.), regardless of their local specificities, share this feature:
Underprivileged groups may rebel against the system. Members of dominant groups work to keep their position. People are relegated to particular levels of entitlement
A major bilateral aid organization is __________.
United States Agency for International Development
The origin of the cultural heritage of the Gullah people of South Carolina is in __________.
West and Central Africa
In Michael Cernea's strategy for Cultural Heritage Preservation, written for the World Bank, he urges __________.
a "do no harm" approach
An example of a life-cycle ritual is __________.
a coming-of-age ceremony for young men or women
Neolocal residence for married couples is associated with __________.
a foraging mode of livelihood Western industrialized society bilineal kinship systems
Brideprice refers to __________.
a gift to the bride's family from the groom's side
Studies of U.S. fraternities show that __________.
a sense of privilege and power among the brothers appears to be related to abuse of women they are similar to exclusive male clubs in many other cultures gynophobic (woman-hating) behavior is not typical of the entire fraternity system
In terms of traditional political organization, pastoralism is most associated with __________
a tribal or chiefdom model of political organization
In Africa, youths who go through circumcision rituals together are said to constitute __________.
age sets
Large extended households are most prevalent in the __________ mode of livelihood
agriculture
Ken Saro-Wiwa was __________.
an Ogoni martyr
Social ranking on the basis of caste is __________.
an ascribed system
Unilineal descent systems __________.
are found in about 60 percent of the world's cultures
Among the Temiar of Malaysia, economic and musical roles are __________.
balanced and complementary between men and women
The current anthropological definition of religion says that it is __________.
beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers
The rising popularity of __________ is evidence of Turkey's growing cosmopolitanism.
belly dancing
Moka is associated with which form of political organization?
big-man/big-woman systems
An example of an institutional migrant is a(n) __________.
boarding school student soldier resident in a home for the aged
Souvenirs sold as "Israeli" in an upscale tourist shop in Israel are actually made __________.
by local Arabs
Vocal communication among nonhuman primates is referred to as __________.
call system
__________ is the process used by immigrants, such as the Dominicans in New York City, to help bring in and settle relatives and friends.
chain migration
The sense of collective unity that develops out of individual diversity is called __________.
communitas
Many of the terms the Saami use to describe snow are related to __________.
conditions for reindeer herding
If someone were to collect bits of your hair and nail clippings to use in a magical ritual, this person is practicing __________.
contagious magic
The form of political organization called the state is characterized by __________.
control of information (propaganda) a way of maintaining demographic records about its citizens a standing army its ability to define citizenship
Cultural anthropologists who focus on revealing how legal systems discriminate against certain groups are referred to as __________.
critical legal anthropologists
One aspect of communication that causes problems during medical interviews with Mohawk speakers of English is __________.
cueing
According to the textbook, kinship is based on which three factors?
descent, sharing and marriage
Esthetics __________.
differ widely cross-culturally in what they include may vary among different individuals within a culture are a set of standards defining what is art exist in all cultures
Culture change that occurs through contact is referred to as __________.
diffusion
Culturally patterned verbal language is referred to __________.
discourse
The feature of human language that allows people to talk about the past and the future is referred to as __________.
displacement
Kerala, India, provides an example of success in terms of which approach to development?
distributional approach
The cross-cultural study of music is referred to as __________.
ethnomusicology
The male bias in development planning and projects refers to the __________.
exclusion of women from many development projects
One key characteristic of the "new immigration" is __________.
feminization
Within a particular language, an especially rich cluster of related words is referred to as a __________.
focal vocabulary
Distributional development __________.
focuses on equity in the distribution of benefits
A social group in which ritual is important in reinforcing bonding is __________.
fraternities youth gangs body piercers age sets
A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________.
geographical isolation
Life projects promote development through __________.
giving priority to local people's aspirations
An example of kinship established through sharing is __________.
godparenthood
Among the Hopi, the link between living humans and the spiritual world is through the ritual sacrifice of __________.
golden eagles
One thing that all languages have is __________.
grammar/syntax
Women vendors in San Cristobal, Mexico, faced problems related to __________.
harassment from men the lack of traditional kin ties in the city the fact that they were refugees from the highlands robberies
A big-man's position depends on __________.
his personality many supporters working on his behalf his generosity having at least one wife
John Chernoff's research on drumming in Ghana revealed __________.
how creativity is related to society. fieldwork is more than gathering data. how Ghanaian family life is connected to music. how the role of the ethnographer affects the research.
A challenging issue surrounding Palestinian refugees is __________.
how many refugees there actually are whether they should have citizenship rights in the countries in which they now reside whether or not they should have the "right of return"
Gerald Murray helped United States Agency for International Development address problems with reforestation projects in Haiti by __________.
improving cultural fit
Nuclear households are associated with which two modes of livelihood?
industrialism/digital economy and foraging
Research on spirit possession among school girls in Madagascar is an example of a study of __________.
institutional migrants
A reason for the emergence of linguistic anthropology in the United States is the __________.
interest in recording disappearing languages
The jajmani system of India __________.
involves exchange of services between various caste groups has been viewed as benefitting the better-off at the expense of the poor has been viewed as a system that links different groups together in mutual support is declining in importance
A refugee's entitlement to return and live in his or her homeland __________.
is a pressing issue for many refugees worldwide including Palestinian refugees following the 1948 war is included in a United Nations resolution passed in 1948 is referred to as the right of return has been considered a basic human right in the West since the signing of the Magna Carta
Groups formed to help protect the ecology in contemporary nations fit in the category of civil society.
True
Bonds based on friendship are __________.
Probably found in all cultures
Which of the following is an ascribed status?
Queen of England
A case study of the Society of Muslim Women (SMW) in Kazakhstan found that __________.
SMW's main approaches to dealing with wife abuse are counseling, shelter, and mediation Sheltering abused women fits with the Kazakhi custom of hospitality SMW sees domestic violence as a problem that the Islamic faith should address SMW members have no funding or professional training
The claim that a person's language determines the person's thought is called __________.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
A major challenge facing Soviet Jewish immigrants to the United States is finding employment commensurate with their training and experience.
True
A rule that says a person must find a marriage partner from outside their village is called exogamy.
True
A structurist interpretation of handling poisonous snakes in religious ceremonies in "Holiness-type" churches in the United States explains this phenomenon as related to economic insecurity.
True
Access to natural resources is a basic component of indigenous people's development.
True
Adopting a child forms kinship bonds that the textbook categorizes as sharing-based.
True
Agricultural and credit cooperatives are the most common forms of cooperatives worldwide.
True
Analysis reveals that Indian wrestlers are a lot like Hindu holy men in their discipline and diets
True
Anthropologist Robert Carneiro is pessimistic about the future of world peace and about anthropology's ability to contribute to world peace.
True
Bilineal kinship is more characteristic of foraging and industrial/digital societies than of the other three modes of livelihood.
True
Cultural anthropologists who study migration tend to do multi-sited research.
True
English is the official language of Nigeria.
True
Games can both reflect and reinforce cultural values.
True
Going to a Turkish-style bath may involve both pleasure and pain.
True
In a patrilineal kinship system, a married couple is most likely to reside __________.
with or near the parents of the groom
According to case study of friendship in Andalucia, Spain, __________.
women's friends are also neighbors gender roles explain the different types of friends men and women have men's friendships are built on work roles and reinforced through socializing outside work
A key marker of gender coding in spoken English in the U.S. is __________.
women's greater use of tag questions
Language refers to __________.
words written forms of communication communication based on arbitrary symbols speech
