Anth exam 1 material

Which of the following statements best describes culture? A. Culture has no relationship to human biological needs or abilities. B. Primitive tribal groups in the Amazon do not have culture. C. Culture is a purposeless collection of customs and beliefs. D. Culture teaches us how to satisfy our biological needs.

D

True or false: A human child is born with culture.

False

5 True or false: Some apes have tails. True False

False Recall that no hominoid has a tail.

5 Select all that apply Which of the following statements regarding apes and humans are true? -Apes and monkeys are closely related, and humans are in a separate classification. - Humans and apes share common ancestry. -Humans and apes are more closely related to each other than either are to monkeys. -Humans and apes belong to the same taxonomic superfamily.

Humans and apes share common ancestry. Humans and apes are more closely related to each other than either are to monkeys. Humans and apes belong to the same taxonomic superfamily.

5 Which of the following statements about New World monkeys is true? Many have prehensile tails. Many have rough patches of skin on the buttocks. Most are nocturnal. They live in Africa.

Many have prehensile tails.

Which statements about nonhuman primates are true? Most primates other than Homo tend to disperse at adolescence. Female chimps and gorillas tend to migrate to find mates. Most chimps and gorillas maintain lifelong ties with sons and daughters. Primates always mate within their local group.

Most primates other than Homo tend to disperse at adolescence. Female chimps and gorillas tend to migrate to find mates.

5 The platyrrhines include -apes. -Old World monkeys. -New World monkeys. -humans.

New World monkeys.

5 Select all that apply Which of the following statements about primates are true? - Primates tend to be social animals, which live with others of their species. - Learned behavior is an important part of primate adaptation. - Primates have poor stereoscopic vision. - Humans are the only primates with opposable thumbs.

Primates tend to be social animals, which live with others of their species. Learned behavior is an important part of primate adaptation.

5 ____ is the study of fossils and living apes, monkeys, tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises, including their behavior and social life. Primatology Cultural anthropology Anthropology Biology

Primatology

5 Select all that apply Which of the following statements about modern-day orangutans are true? They live in Indonesia. Their population has increased dramatically. They can be found throughout Southeast Asia. They are endangered.

They live in Indonesia. They are endangered.

5 Select all that apply Which of the following statements about gibbons are true? They live in primary groups. They are arboreal. They are skilled brachiators. They are unable to walk erect.

They live in primary groups. They are arboreal. They are skilled brachiators.

True or false: A cultural custom can be adaptive in one way (resolving a problem) but also maladaptive in other ways (causing other problems).

True

True or false: Chimpanzees and gorillas are the closest relatives to the human species. True False

True Reason: Most closely related to the human species are the African great apes: chimpanzees and gorillas.

5 Select all that apply Which of the following statements about apes and brachiation are true? - Adult terrestrial apes are skilled brachiators. - Young apes brachiate. - Humans are skilled brachiators. - Apes and humans likely had a brachiating ancestor. - Apes have longer arms than legs, which is adaptive for brachiation.

Young apes brachiate. Apes and humans likely had a brachiating ancestor. Apes have longer arms than legs, which is adaptive for brachiation.

Although an individual resident of a southern city in the United States may not like to eat grits and cornbread, these foods are considered a part of southern culture. What does this reveal about culture? A. Culture is something individuals share as members of groups. B. Culture is an individual construct that varies widely from one person to another. C. Culture is purely symbolic. D. Culture is essentially the same throughout the world.

a

People's actual behavior as observed by the anthropologist is referred to as ______ culture. real ideal systematic sub

a

When studying human diversity in time and space, anthropologists distinguish among the ______, which are features found in every culture, the ______, which are common to several but not all groups, and the ______, which are unique to certain cultural traditions. universal; general; particular universal; particular; general general; particular; universal particular; general; universal

a

Which of the following statements best describes the anthropological approach to culture? a. All people have culture, which includes things that are everything that is part of our everyday lives, such as fast food and concerts. b. Culture is a highly evolved system not found in tribal communities like Brazil's Canela Indians. c. Culture is a science recording the best ways of dealing with nature through oral tradition. d. To be "cultured" means to have a taste for fine art and music and a college education.

a

he idea of the nuclear family, a kinship group consisting of parents and children, is a(n) cultural generality. biological universal. particularity. social universal.

a

5 Select all that apply Which of the following tend toward orthograde posture? Old World monkeys apes humans New World monkeys

apes humans

5 Which of the following belong to the hominoid superfamily? apes Old World monkeys humans New World monkeys

apes humans

5 What's the term for primates who live primarily in trees? terrestrial arboreal atmospheric aquatic

arboreal

Hominins have elaborated the capacity to _____, which facilitated the development of projectile technology and weaponry. create stone tools aim and throw thread a needle organize for hunting

b

The goal of anthropologists is to understand different cultural practices through the eyes of the people in that culture, an approach known as cultural materialism. cultural relativism. ethnocentrism. universal human rights advocacy.

b

What is a symbol? a. an abstraction b. anything verbal or nonverbal that stands for something else c. a physical unit of meaning d. a written mark of any kind that is understood by a cultural group

b

Although an individual resident of a southern city in the United States may not like to eat grits and cornbread, these foods are considered a part of southern culture. What does this reveal about culture? Culture is essentially the same throughout the world. Culture is something individuals share as members of groups. Culture is purely symbolic. Culture is an individual construct that varies widely from one person to another.

b Culture is an attribute not of individuals per se but of individuals as members of groups.

Which term refers to the group that leads to humans but not to African great apes and encompasses all of the human species that have ever existed? a. troglodytes b. hominins c. Neandertals d. hominids

b.

5 What is the term for locomotion that involves just two feet? maladaptive phenotypic opposable bipedal

bipedal

5 Among baboons, core groups tend to be comprised of males. males and young females. females and young males. females.

females

5 Which of the following are the smallest and most agile of the apes? gibbons bonobos baboons gorillas

gibbons

5 Select all that apply Which of the following comprise the great apes of the hominoid superfamily? gibbons gorillas chimpanzees orangutans siamangs

gorillas chimpanzees orangutans

5 Which of the following have longer legs than arms? apes Old World monkeys New World monkeys humans

humans

5 Where do New World monkeys live? mainly in the mountains of Tibet and China mainly in the forests of Central and South America mainly in the deserts of the Middle East mainly in the southern regions of Russia

mainly in the forests of Central and South America

5 Each gorilla troop has a silverback, which is usually the ______ in the troop. oldest female youngest male only breeding male only breeding female

only breeding male

5 Thumbs that can touch the other fingers are known by what term? phenotypic opposable maladaptive bipedal

opposable

5 Which of the following are the most solitary of the great apes? chimpanzees orangutans gorillas humans

orangutans

5 Baboons and many macaques are ______ monkeys. terrestrial prehensile arboreal New World

terrestrial

5 Sexual dimorphism is more marked in _____ species of Old World monkeys. terrestrial arboreal

terrestrial

5 What's the term for primates who live primarily on the ground? terrestrial atmospheric arboreal aquatic

terrestrial

5 Of particular relevance to humans is the study of which primates? lorises the great apes tarsiers terrestrial monkeys

the great apes terrestrial monkeys

5 Currently, there is/are ____ surviving, but critically endangered, species of orangutan. three one four two

two

Which of the following do anthropologists consider when studying human diversity in time and space? universal traits generalized traits the three principal races of mankind particular traits and patterns

universal traits generalized traits particular traits and patterns

5 Which of the following is the smallest subspecies of gorilla and the animal you normally see in zoos? mountain gorilla western lowland gorilla desert gorilla eastern lowland gorilla

western lowland gorilla

Children learn to avoid fire by being told that it is dangerous, while animals learn to avoid fire by discovering that it burns them. The difference between the two is that human cultural learning depends on A. evolutionary psychology. B. the capacity to use symbols. C. primate tendencies. D. cultural diffusion.

B

Which of the following is true of culture, according to anthropologists? A. Children are usually too young to be affected by it. B. It is all-encompassing. C. It does not include "popular" culture. D. It is acquired primarily through a quality education.

B

5 Select all that apply Which of the following traits are shared by apes as distinct from monkeys and other primates? Body size tends to be larger. The life span is considerably shorter. There is a longer interval between births. They have short tails. There is a tendency toward upright posture.

Body size tends to be larger. There is a longer interval between births. There is a tendency toward upright posture.

According to Sir Edward Tylor's century-old definition of culture, what is the critical defining feature of culture? A. It coincides with the development of human language. B. It is based on symbols and involves the use of tools. C. It is acquired by humans as members of society. D. Only humans have it.

C

What is an example of a symbol? A. The scream of an eagle when it sees prey B. A dog wagging its tail in greeting C. A national flag D. A baby's cry

C

5 Select all that apply Which of the following are true of chimps? -Chimps are heavier and more terrestrial than gorillas. -Chimps live in tropical Africa and range over a larger area than gorillas. - Chimps are omnivorous. -There is more sexual dimorphism among chimps than among gorillas.

Chimps live in tropical Africa and range over a larger area than gorillas. Chimps are omnivorous.

Animals such as wolves learn behavior patterns, such as hunting techniques. What makes human cultural learning different from that? A. Even a child can learn culture. B. Human cultural techniques are more complex, and their hunting is more efficient. C. Wolves don't change their hunting behavior, but humans constantly modify their techniques. D. Human learning is based on ideas shared through symbols.

D

Which of the following examples best illustrates the relationship between human biological needs and culture? A. Human biological needs change, but cultural needs do not. B. Humans completely control their nature through culture; biology is no longer important. C. Some humans in Spain have a biological need to eat at 10 p.m., but Midwesterners in the U.S. have a biological need to eat at 5 p.m. D. Biology requires that humans eat a certain amount each day, but culture teaches us what we want to eat, when we want it, and how to eat it.

D

5 Select all that apply Which of the following statements about baboons are true? - Baboons deal with predators through agility and escape rather than confrontation. - Baboons are arboreal and are small in size. - Female baboons form the stable core of the terrestrial monkey troop. - Male baboons typically leave their home troop for another near the time of puberty.

- Female baboons form the stable core of the terrestrial monkey troop. - Male baboons typically leave their home troop for another near the time of puberty.

5 Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of orangutans? Males typically climb, rather than swing through, trees. They live in jungles and feed in trees. Adult males weigh more than twice as much as females. They are very social and generally forage in groups.

- Males typically climb, rather than swing through, trees. - They live in jungles and feed in trees. - Adult males weigh more than twice as much as females.

5 Which of the following are characteristics of primates? -Primates have smaller brain sizes than most mammals. -Primates have five-digited feet and hands that are suited for grasping. -Primates' main touch organ is the nose. -Primates' most important means of obtaining information is sight rather than smell.

- Primates have five-digited feet and hands that are suited for grasping. - Primates' most important means of obtaining information is sight rather than smell.

5 Select all that apply Which of the following are traits of terrestrial, as opposed to arboreal, Old World monkeys? - Terrestrial monkeys are more lithe and agile than arboreal monkeys. - Sexual dimorphism tends to be more marked in terrestrial than in arboreal monkeys. - Terrestrial monkeys are larger than arboreal monkeys. - Terrestrial monkeys face fewer predators than arboreal monkeys.

- Sexual dimorphism tends to be more marked in terrestrial than in arboreal monkeys. - Terrestrial monkeys are larger than arboreal monkeys.

5 Select all that apply Which of the following statements about catarrhines are true? They include New World monkeys. They include Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. They are sharp-nosed as opposed to flat-nosed. They are all arboreal and eat leaves.

- They include Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. - They are sharp-nosed as opposed to flat-nosed.

What is the difference between human ties among parents and offspring and those found among chimpanzees and gorillas? a. Chimpanzees sometimes develop pair bonds and short-term attachments between parents and offspring like humans do, but gorillas do not. b. Chimpanzees and gorillas, like humans, build alliances around parents and offspring. c. Humans maintain lifelong ties with sons and daughters, whereas nonhuman primates generally do not. d. Parents and offspring remain the core of most gorilla and chimpanzee groups, but only humans have nuclear family groups.

c

Which of the following cultural abilities have been found among chimpanzees and/or other apes? a. They form monogamous pair bonds and show compassion for others. b. They make complex tools and cooperate in hunts for large game animals. c. They build nests, aim and throw sticks, and hunt. d. They store food for the future and use tools.

c

Which of the following is an example of cultural particularities? large wedding ceremonies McDonald's restaurants Chicago-style hot dogs the nuclear family

c

Which of the following statements regarding primate hunting behaviors is true? a. Apes usually hunt for fruits and berries, not game meat, but humans hunt and gather a greater variety of foods. b. Chimps and monkeys typically cooperate in the hunt and then share the meat, much like humans do. c. apes and humans hunt, but only humans bring food back to the camp to share. d. Chimpanzees rarely hunt.

c

Which term refers to the group that leads to humans but not to African great apes and encompasses all of the human species that have ever existed? troglodytes hominids hominins Neandertals

c

"I don't understand why those people eat with chopsticks. A fork is a better utensil." This statement is an example of culture change. cultural relativism. diffusion. ethnocentrism.

d

Which of the following best describes how a government policy that promotes prenatal health care and large families could become maladaptive? a. It could lead to obesity. b. It could help individuals cope with environmental stresses. c. It could lead to poor food-distribution systems. d. It could encourage overpopulation.

d

Whose definition of culture includes "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society"? Conrad Kottak Clifford Geertz Leslie White Sir Edward Tylor

d

5 Genetic relatedness based on common ancestry is known as phylogeny. genus. taxonomy. primatology.

phylogeny.

5 What is the term for differences between male and female anatomy and temperament? bipedal dimorphism sexual dimorphism natural selection sexual selection

sexual dimorphism

Which of the following traits are more developed among humans than apes and monkeys? sharing cooperation remembering information feeding individually

sharing cooperation remembering information