ANTHA202: Quiz#9

As children get older, cultural influences on behavior become much stronger; and as a result, it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to isolate biological influences on what it means to be male or female. a. True b. False

a. True

In many societies, some people live their lives as neither male nor female. a. True b. False

a. True

In nearly all societies with any degree of social stratification, more men are in leadership roles than women, not only in political roles but also in economic and social roles involving trade, exchange, kinship relations, ritual participation, and dispute resolution. a. True b. False

a. True

An anthropologist who studies how societies control sexuality would likely be most interested in the following situations a. obstacles in access to birth control b. the activities in a club or bar whose clientele is gay or lesbian c. how the research of Dr. Alfred Kinsey influenced legal decisions about sexuality d. the political activities of transgender activists

a. obstacles in access to birth control

French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir argued in her book The Second Sex that a. throughout history women have been treated as inferior b. women are biologically inferior to men c. women are more capable than men to be in leadership roles d. women could do without men in society

a. throughout history women have been treated as inferior

A biocultural perspective on gender variance would emphasize all of the following except a. the unique social role occupied by people who are neither male nor female b. the power sex-specific hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have to influence whether a person is male or female c. the role of genetic mutations in producing intersex individuals d. the distinction many societies make between gender variance and sexuality

b. the power sex-specific hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have to influence whether a person is male or female

Since the 1930s, anthropologists have distinguished between a. biological sex and sexuality b. biological gender and cultural gender c. biological sex and gender d. biological sex in all primates and biological sex in humans

c. biological sex and gender

All societies differentiate between male and female, but one way Americans are unique in how we do it is that we link gender to a. numbers b. colors c. body shapes d. sounds

c. body shapes

Anthropologists emphasize that in order to understand gender/sex inequalities one must study a. women b. men c. both men and women d. gender roles

c. both men and women

Anthropologists commonly refer to the ideas and social patterns a society uses to organize males, females, and those who do not fit either category as a. gender roles b. biological sex c. gender/sex systems d. sex roles

c. gender/sex systems

Individuals who diverge from the male-female norm and exhibit sexual organs and functions somewhere between, including both male and female, are called a. transsexual b. transgender c. intersex d. cisgender

c. intersex

From an anthropological perspective, sex-assignment surgery is valuable because it a. improves the biological functions of intersex people b. shows that "sex" is a biological phenomenon c. shows that "sex" is constructed upon cultural assumptions d. can be performed on girls or boys

c. shows that "sex" is constructed upon cultural assumptions

The anthropological study of masculinity focuses on all of the following except a. collective notions of what it means to be a man b. the shifting and dynamic character of male dominance c. the common belief in many societies that men are uncultured and uncivilized d. the ways women challenge male dominance

c. the common belief in many societies that men are uncultured and uncivilized

Hijras interest anthropologists mainly because they are a. exotic b. a good way to study sex workers c. homosexual d. a reflection of a gender/sex system that sees meaning in combining male and female

d. a reflection of a gender/sex system that sees meaning in combining male and female

A misconception about hormones in society is that a. certain hormones are linked solely to a specific sex b. they are important only for sexual functioning c. sex-specific hormones cause particular behaviors d. all of the above

d. all of the above

According to some, a critical limitation of "second-wave" feminism is that it a. ignores differences among women in different cultural groups b. is ethnocentric c. assumes the fight for gender equality is a global priority d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Sexual dimorphism refers to a. how men and women have a different sexual forms b. the differences of hormones in men's and women's bodies c. the difference in chromosomal structures for men and women d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which term refers to expressions of sex and gender that diverge from the male and female norms which dominate in most societies? a. sexuality b. intersexed c. transgender d. gender variance

d. gender variance

Sherry Ortner, a feminist anthropologist, observed that the roots of female subordination lay in the distinction all societies make between a. men and women b. public and domestic c. strength and weakness d. nature and culture

d. nature and culture

Indiana University biologist Dr. Alfred Kinsey conducted a series of sexuality studies during the 1940s and found that a. sexuality is either straight or queer b. most people are homosexual c. most people are heterosexual d. sexuality exists on a continuum

d. sexuality exists on a continuum