Anthro Chap 5(need to finish)

phoneme

(linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language

Language

A system of symbols with standard meaning.

Reactive system

A system that animals use, when they cue something it must happen now. No past, no present, no future.

Productivity

Human languages are inherently flexible and creative. users of human languages, even small children, can create sentences never heard before by anyone. we have unlimited ways to describe out past, future, and present. In contrast animal communication in natural settings is rigid and fixed.

Arbitrariness

Is the ability for human language to mean different things. Words seldom have a necessary with concrete objects or abstract symbols. In English when we say 1 2 3 it sound different in another language. Humans have the ability to make different sounds for the same meaning. Animals on the other hand don't. An American dog would have no problem understanding an African dogs bark.

Two forms of Non-Verbal communication

Kinesics and proxemics

Modified Sapir-Wharf Hypothesis

Language reflects your cultural reality

Displacement

When you can substitute or displace one word for another. Humans can do this but animals cannot. When they make sounds, usually they are trying to get across one specific thing, for example a cry for help. But with humans we have many different ways of doing so.

Kinesics

body motion and gestures used in nonverbal communication

Communication

is the act of transferring information to others.

The difference between language and communication

language is usually spoken and their a different types all around the world, communication is transferring information, even animals can communicate.

syntax

The collection of rules for the way phrases and sentences are made up out of word. For example: these rules tell whether a subject comes before or after a verb,or whether an object follows a verb.

Identify the four characteristics of human communication as compared to animal communication

The four characteristics of human communication are productivity, displacement, arbitrariness, and combining sound.The big difference between human communication and animal communication is speech and language

closed system

The same call in the same situation

Proxemics

The study of how people in different societies use and perceive space.