ANTHRO FINAL EXAM 2 REVIEW
In general, what is the dental formula for the Old World Monkeys?
2-1-2-3
Parapithecus are believed to be potentially ancestral to New World Monkeys due to their
2-1-3-3 dental formula & their fully enclosed eye sockets
What is the half life of Carbon-14?
5,730 years
In infanticide, a uni-male and multi-female groups
ALL OF THE ABOVE -B/c it enhances male fitness -Male alpha status may be short term -females w/o nursing resume sexual receptivity
Kin selection involves
ALL OF THE ABOVE -The degree of relatedness -The cost of behavior to an individuals genetic fitness -The benefits to the recipient in terms of his/her genetic fitness
Research has shown that the offspring of a dominant female
ALL OF THE ABOVE -a dominant female holds a ranking rank than many adults -has a higher survivorship -matures faster
Estrus is when females
ALL OF THE ABOVE -are attractive to males -are receptive to males -are proceptive to males
To defend against predators, primates may
ALL OF THE ABOVE -give specific vocalizations for different types of predators -confront or attack them -form regular associations with other primate species
Derived traits that distinguish modern humans from apes include . . .
ALL OF THE ABOVE -habitual bipedalism -very long juvenile period -lg. brain to body size ratio
Which of the following describes primate mating systems and reproductive behavior?
ALL OF THE ABOVE -males compete w/ other males for the opportunity to inseminate females in some species -female preference can influence male reproductive success in groups where there are multiple males -in most pair bonded species, both males and females care for offspring
Strepsorhine characteristics include
ALL OF THE ABOVE -post orbital bar -moist nose -dental comb
Scientists believe that most primates have theory of mind due to their ability
ALL OF THE ABOVE -to recognize themselves in the mirror -deceive other individuals -access the situtation
What primates have a y-5 molar pattern?
Apes and humans
To calculate absolute dates using radio carbon, scientists make several assumptions. Which of the following is incorrect?
Both A & D A) levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are constant over time D) rate of decay is constant
What is the largest primate to have ever lived?
Gigantopithecus
_____ males generally sire the most offspring
High ranking
Lemurs are only found in
Madagascar
The arboreal hypothesis attributes primate characteristics to
NONE OF THE ABOVE -shouldn't be living on the ground -shouldn't be giving to live young -shouldn't be preying on insects
_______ are all arboreal and some have a prehensile tail.
New World Monkeys
Which type of social group has the most sexual dimorphism in body size?
One male to multi-female groups
During a glacial period, which is cold climate, the oceans are . . .
Oxygen-18 rich
Monkeys with nostrils that are far apart and face to the side belong to which group?
Platrryhine
All the systematists classify tarsiers as haplorhines. Tarsiers have certain genetic genetic and morphological characteristics that suggest they are in some way also related to
Strepsirhines
Which of the following states that older strata are laid down below younger strata?
The principle of superposition
In the BBC primate movie, how have certain baboons adapted to limited resources along a coastal environment?
They have developed an understanding of the tides and a way to access shark embryos
_______ is a derived feature that Proconsul shares with living apes and humans.
absence of tail
The result of using a relative dating technique on archeological material is
comparative date range for the site
Binocular vision allows primates to see
depth
Intrasexual selection
favors traits that enhance direct competition among individuals, particularly males
In primates, territoriality occurs when
females defend food & males defend access to females
Features that separate primates from other mammals include
fingernails
The thick layer of padding found on the rumps of many Old World Monkeys is known as
ischial callosity
Radiometric dating is possible because of . . .
isotope decay from an unstable state to a stable state at a known rate
The BBC primates movie showed species using tools in multiple ways including
it was only supposed to be chimpanzees smashing nuts with a rock
A primate species that practices vertical clinging and leaping as the primary mode of locomotion will most likely have
longer legs and shorter arms
Compared to larger animals, smaller animals are
more dependent on the quality of food than on the quantity
Imagine a fossil specimen with huge eye sockets. The animal was most likely . . .
nocturnal
Carbon-14 dating can date
only organic material
The discovery of carpolestes simpsoni supports that
orbital convergence evolved after grasping hands and feet
Males in _____ groups have relatively large testes
promiscuous
Compared to the Haplorhines, the Strepsirhines
retain many ancestral characteristics
Among the various hominoid fossils, the only clear link to a modern living ape species is
sivapithecus orangutan
The environmental niche that a species inhabits can influence its
social organization & behavior
The study of what happens to the remains of an animal from the time of its death to the time of its discovery is known as
taphonomy
Hamilton's rule states that altruistic behaviors favored if . . .
the cost of the behavior is less than the benefit devalued by the degree of relatedness
Equally parental investment by both males and females is favored by
the fitness of offspring raised by one parent is lower than the fitness of offspring raised by two parents
Male reproduction is limited by
the number of fertile females
The most unique trait found among marmasets and tamarins is
the tendency to have twins more often than single births
Potassium-argon dating can only date
very old volcanic material
Fossils are formed
when bone is mineralized by surrounding rock