ANTHRO FINAL EXAM 2 REVIEW

In general, what is the dental formula for the Old World Monkeys?

2-1-2-3

Parapithecus are believed to be potentially ancestral to New World Monkeys due to their

2-1-3-3 dental formula & their fully enclosed eye sockets

What is the half life of Carbon-14?

5,730 years

In infanticide, a uni-male and multi-female groups

ALL OF THE ABOVE -B/c it enhances male fitness -Male alpha status may be short term -females w/o nursing resume sexual receptivity

Kin selection involves

ALL OF THE ABOVE -The degree of relatedness -The cost of behavior to an individuals genetic fitness -The benefits to the recipient in terms of his/her genetic fitness

Research has shown that the offspring of a dominant female

ALL OF THE ABOVE -a dominant female holds a ranking rank than many adults -has a higher survivorship -matures faster

Estrus is when females

ALL OF THE ABOVE -are attractive to males -are receptive to males -are proceptive to males

To defend against predators, primates may

ALL OF THE ABOVE -give specific vocalizations for different types of predators -confront or attack them -form regular associations with other primate species

Derived traits that distinguish modern humans from apes include . . .

ALL OF THE ABOVE -habitual bipedalism -very long juvenile period -lg. brain to body size ratio

Which of the following describes primate mating systems and reproductive behavior?

ALL OF THE ABOVE -males compete w/ other males for the opportunity to inseminate females in some species -female preference can influence male reproductive success in groups where there are multiple males -in most pair bonded species, both males and females care for offspring

Strepsorhine characteristics include

ALL OF THE ABOVE -post orbital bar -moist nose -dental comb

Scientists believe that most primates have theory of mind due to their ability

ALL OF THE ABOVE -to recognize themselves in the mirror -deceive other individuals -access the situtation

What primates have a y-5 molar pattern?

Apes and humans

To calculate absolute dates using radio carbon, scientists make several assumptions. Which of the following is incorrect?

Both A & D A) levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are constant over time D) rate of decay is constant

What is the largest primate to have ever lived?

Gigantopithecus

_____ males generally sire the most offspring

High ranking

Lemurs are only found in

Madagascar

The arboreal hypothesis attributes primate characteristics to

NONE OF THE ABOVE -shouldn't be living on the ground -shouldn't be giving to live young -shouldn't be preying on insects

_______ are all arboreal and some have a prehensile tail.

New World Monkeys

Which type of social group has the most sexual dimorphism in body size?

One male to multi-female groups

During a glacial period, which is cold climate, the oceans are . . .

Oxygen-18 rich

Monkeys with nostrils that are far apart and face to the side belong to which group?

Platrryhine

All the systematists classify tarsiers as haplorhines. Tarsiers have certain genetic genetic and morphological characteristics that suggest they are in some way also related to

Strepsirhines

Which of the following states that older strata are laid down below younger strata?

The principle of superposition

In the BBC primate movie, how have certain baboons adapted to limited resources along a coastal environment?

They have developed an understanding of the tides and a way to access shark embryos

_______ is a derived feature that Proconsul shares with living apes and humans.

absence of tail

The result of using a relative dating technique on archeological material is

comparative date range for the site

Binocular vision allows primates to see

depth

Intrasexual selection

favors traits that enhance direct competition among individuals, particularly males

In primates, territoriality occurs when

females defend food & males defend access to females

Features that separate primates from other mammals include

fingernails

The thick layer of padding found on the rumps of many Old World Monkeys is known as

ischial callosity

Radiometric dating is possible because of . . .

isotope decay from an unstable state to a stable state at a known rate

The BBC primates movie showed species using tools in multiple ways including

it was only supposed to be chimpanzees smashing nuts with a rock

A primate species that practices vertical clinging and leaping as the primary mode of locomotion will most likely have

longer legs and shorter arms

Compared to larger animals, smaller animals are

more dependent on the quality of food than on the quantity

Imagine a fossil specimen with huge eye sockets. The animal was most likely . . .

nocturnal

Carbon-14 dating can date

only organic material

The discovery of carpolestes simpsoni supports that

orbital convergence evolved after grasping hands and feet

Males in _____ groups have relatively large testes

promiscuous

Compared to the Haplorhines, the Strepsirhines

retain many ancestral characteristics

Among the various hominoid fossils, the only clear link to a modern living ape species is

sivapithecus orangutan

The environmental niche that a species inhabits can influence its

social organization & behavior

The study of what happens to the remains of an animal from the time of its death to the time of its discovery is known as

taphonomy

Hamilton's rule states that altruistic behaviors favored if . . .

the cost of the behavior is less than the benefit devalued by the degree of relatedness

Equally parental investment by both males and females is favored by

the fitness of offspring raised by one parent is lower than the fitness of offspring raised by two parents

Male reproduction is limited by

the number of fertile females

The most unique trait found among marmasets and tamarins is

the tendency to have twins more often than single births

Potassium-argon dating can only date

very old volcanic material

Fossils are formed

when bone is mineralized by surrounding rock