Anthro Test 2
The first civilizations were present by about __________ B.C.
3,500
Writing is about ________ years old.
6,000
The first clear indication of a changeover to food production took place in the Near East about __________ BC
8,000
Anatomically modern humans first evolved in
Africa
Which of the following areas was not a primary location for the origin of agriculture?
Africa
Which of these innovations appeared during the Upper Paleolithic?
Art
The most supported alternative to the Beringia model of movement of Native Americans is that they came to the Americas from __________.
Asia by boat
Which of these is the earliest evidence of art?
Carvings on stone and bone
Most archaeologists believe that the __________ was one of the earliest centers of plant and animal domestication.
Fertile Crescent
Which civilization is believed to have collapsed due to environmental degradation?
Mayan
Where would you expect to find the earliest examples of states in the archaeological record
Mesopotamia
How did the environmental change at the end of the Upper Paleolithic affect hunting patterns?
The density of big game animals decreased, forcing people to shift their attention to plants, fish, and small game.
Why does health often suffer in cities?
The high population allows infectious diseases to flourish
__________ theorized that long-distance trade led to the development of the state
Wright and Johnson
What is one of the major consequences of horticulture?
a more sedentary way of life
Children learn spoken language at __________.
about the same age in all cultures
What is the term that refers to cultural changes when two cultures come into extensive contact, especially when one culture is more powerful than the other?
acculturation
Ethnographers are focusing more explicitly now on the importance of the individual in bringing about change. This is called individual __________
agency
The subjects of European cave paintings are mostly __________.
animals
Cross-cultural studies of child rearing habits have shown that compared to non-Western societies, American parents __________.
are less likely to breast-feed on demand
During the Upper Paleolithic the world experienced the last ice age. At this time, the world's temperature was __________.
as much as 50°F lower than today's temperature
The Mesoamerican wild grass teosinte led to today's domesticated __________.
corn
Methodological relativism states that
cultural practices can be understood relative to the culture in which they exist
The first form of writing found in Sumer and dating to around 3000 BC is known as __________.
cuneiform
What is the first domesticated animal?
dog
__________ is making an evaluation (usually negative) on the goodness or badness of another culture from the perspective of one's own culture
ethnocentrism
In the state, many people are relieved of the need for __________.
food production
Non-human forms of communication show no evidence of the use of
grammar
When would a toolmaker use pressure flaking?
in the final stages of retouching a tool
Creoles are languages that
incorporate elements of two languages to create a new language
Which of the following is part of the state's infrastructure
irrigation systems
Humans are very unusual among mammals in our __________.
long post-reproductive life span for females
__________ is often given as a reason for the decline of the Roman Empire.
over extension
The invention and spread of agriculture quickly led to
rapid population growth
Cross-cultural studies have shown that both cognitive abilities among children and their ability to think abstractly are influenced by how much __________ they receive.
schooling
Archaeologists can determine if an ancient society had different socioeconomic classes of people by looking at
the differences in house size and furnishing
Many facial expressions of emotion are
the same cross-culturally
A study comparing Japanese and American facial expressions found that __________.
the two had similar expressions in private, but the Japanese participants tried to mask their feelings in front of authority figures
Diffusion is the process by which
traits are spread from one culture to another
Parental encouragement of violence is associated cross-culturally with a society's involvement in __________
war
