Anthropology

In the Melanesian conception of time, the future is spatially located

Behind the body

All humans are born with some culture.

False

Fieldwork involves

becoming involved in people's lives

Cultural anthropologists do research by

building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time

A symbol

is something that conventionally stands for something else

7. Which of the following is a feature of language?

it consists of sounds organized into words according to some sort of grammar

During anthropological fieldwork, cultural anthropologists

learn the local language, record people's economic transactions, and study how environmental changes affect agriculture

If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that

learning happens best when students are being talked at

Ethical issues facing ethnographers include all of the following except

protecting informants' blood samples and other biological information

The purpose of fieldnotes is to

provide written records of information that an anthropologist collects

4. Animal call systems

A) only express responses to stimuli in their present environment

3. In evolutionary terms humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because we

Can speak using a larynx

6. Words that originate from a common word in the same ancestral language are called

Cognate words

5. The concept that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called

Cultural landscape

8. The study of how people classify things in the natural world is called

Ethoscience

Contemporary cultural anthropologists rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced" to categorize human diversity.

False

Three broad theories of social structure dominate the social sciences. They are

Functionalism, conflict, and interactional

13. The US government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to

Language death

The study of how words fit together to make meaningful units is called

Morphology

12. Anthropologist Sherry Ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following except

Narrative symbols

2. When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on

Parole

17. Brent Berlin and Paul Kay found that if language had only three color terms, they would always be black (dark) . white and red

Red

For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbola

Summarizing symbol

Anthropology is different from journalism because journalists' data are protected by law.

True

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is

a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a way of explaining how the world works

Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called

action anthropology

A central technique involved in an informal, open-ended interview is to

allow questions to emerge in the course of the interview

An anthropologist interested in a cultural insider's perspective on that insider's culture is seeking

an emic perspective

The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practices is called

cultural anthropology

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is called

cultural relativism

The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

enculturation

Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called

ethnocentrism

If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would be most likely to focus on

everyday interactions

3. Which of the following is the defining methodology of the discipline of anthropology?

fieldwork

When anthropologists go into the field, they

go with a set of questions they want to ask and have answered

Examples of social institutions are

kinship, marriage, and farming

2. Culture is

learned and shared

The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called

linguistic anthropology

"Owning" culture

means controlling symbols that give meaning

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is referred to as

natural selection

4. When language speakers use slang or metaphor, they are engaging in which concept suggested by French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure ?

parole

Norms are stable because

people learn them when they are young

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

pidgin language

An anthropologist might consider doing "anthropology at a distance" because

there is conflict or violence in the field site

The difference between a survey and a structured interview is

there is no difference between surveys and structured interviews

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as

traditions

Using life history interviews, researchers are able to

understand how a person's age affects his or her role in the community

The comparative method

uses data from many different societies

____________ is a key element of anthropological fieldwork because it is a systematic research strategy of "just hanging out."

Participant observation

____________ refers to the study of speech sounds

Phonology

11. Animal call systems lack the ability (found in human languages) to produce an infinite number of word combinations . This ability in human language is called

Productivity

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out

The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called

archaeology

The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called

biological anthropology

The people anthropologists gather data from are called

informants

Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is

integrated

An ____________ approach to culture, such as that promoted by Geertz, Turner, and Douglas, emphasizes that culture is a shared system of meanings.

interpretive

Which term refers to the knowledge about other people that emerges from relationships?

intersubjective

Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as

proof of their primitive nature

Research that involves interviews, observations, images, objects, and words is a __________ study.

qualitative

Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing

quantitative data

Anthropologists overcome ethnocentrism by

seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as _______________.

social evolution

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

the Industrial Revolution

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because

the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture

A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal

the cultural constructions of insects as food

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to

the people or species they study