Anthropology Chapter 2
Archaeology developed from the Old World study of biology. True False
False
Persistance hunting, also called endurance hunting, demonstrates that animals that run on four legs are more efficient than people who run on two legs. True False
False
The hypothetico-deductive approach is fruitless whenever the researcher's hypothesis is not confirmed. True False
False
Theories are "best guesses" and cannot be proven. True False
False
James Usher, basing his idea on the literal interpretation of the Bible, calculated the date of the creation of the earth to 2 BC 4004 BC 40,004 BC 4 billion years ago
James Usher
Aerial photography is a part of which phase of archaeological investigation? Phase 1: identification of sites and archaeological deposits Phase 2: evaluation of archaeological deposits Phase 3: full-scale mitigation of the site Phase 4: repatriation of excavated materials to their original positions when first found
Phase 1
Hypotheses must be falsifiable to be useful to the hypothetico-deductive method. True False
True
Post-processualism involves the rejection of science. True False
True
Buried archaeological sites are exposed by systematic sub-surface testing erosion remote-sensing all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is an archaeological site a small ancient hunting camp with just a handful of artifacts an abandoned nineteenth-century rural village an ancient city covering hundreds of acres all of the above
all of the above
An artifact is best defined as anything found at an archaeological site the physical remains of human beings or human ancestors anything made and used by a human or human ancestor a complex tool found at an archaeological site
anything made and used by a human or human ancestor
In determining the age at death of a sub-adult (child or juvenile) based on skeletal remains, the archaeologist should make reference to the pubic symphysis and cranial sutures cranial sutures and diaphyseal fusion dental maturity and epiphyseal fusion radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology
dental maturity and epiphyseal fusion
Analysis of wear patterns on stone tools is useful in determining the age of the artifacts how the artifacts were used how long tools could be used before they wore out taphonomy
how artifacts were used
Archaeological deposits are layers of rock at archaeological sites funds used for archaeological research human cultural remains found in the ground documents used to identify the locations of archaeological materials
human cultural remains
When archaeologists leave cultural remains "in situ," they are leaving them in their place repositioning the remains according to how they would have been arranged thousands of years ago being careful to keep everything intact as they lift the remains out of the earth abandoning research of the remains
leaving them in their place
Sexual dimorphism refers to the characteristic in some animal species that males and females are readily distinguishable in their morphology males are always larger than females of the species most males are larger than most females, but some females are larger than some males environmental factors can cause a change of the sex of the developing individual
males and females are readily distinguishable in their morphology
The statement that describes the opposite of what a researcher intends to prove is called the null hypothesis scientific method false hypothesis anti-hypothesis
null hypothesis
A place where the material remains of human activity are found is called a fossil locality master sequence site ecofact
site
Scientific inquiry via the scientific method should NOT be objective shared reproducible subjective
subjective
Human teeth are useful in determining the age at which an individual died because the enamel forms in layers, one of which is deposited for approximately each year of life the teeth erupt in a known sequence at more or less fixed points in an individual's life the teeth fall out in a fixed sequence during an individual's life the human teeth are NOT useful in determining the age at which an individual died
the teeth erupt in a known sequence at more or less fixed points in an individuals life
