Anthropology Chapter 2

Archaeology developed from the Old World study of biology. True False

False

Persistance hunting, also called endurance hunting, demonstrates that animals that run on four legs are more efficient than people who run on two legs. True False

False

The hypothetico-deductive approach is fruitless whenever the researcher's hypothesis is not confirmed. True False

False

Theories are "best guesses" and cannot be proven. True False

False

James Usher, basing his idea on the literal interpretation of the Bible, calculated the date of the creation of the earth to 2 BC 4004 BC 40,004 BC 4 billion years ago

James Usher

Aerial photography is a part of which phase of archaeological investigation? Phase 1: identification of sites and archaeological deposits Phase 2: evaluation of archaeological deposits Phase 3: full-scale mitigation of the site Phase 4: repatriation of excavated materials to their original positions when first found

Phase 1

Hypotheses must be falsifiable to be useful to the hypothetico-deductive method. True False

True

Post-processualism involves the rejection of science. True False

True

Buried archaeological sites are exposed by systematic sub-surface testing erosion remote-sensing all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is an archaeological site a small ancient hunting camp with just a handful of artifacts an abandoned nineteenth-century rural village an ancient city covering hundreds of acres all of the above

all of the above

An artifact is best defined as anything found at an archaeological site the physical remains of human beings or human ancestors anything made and used by a human or human ancestor a complex tool found at an archaeological site

anything made and used by a human or human ancestor

In determining the age at death of a sub-adult (child or juvenile) based on skeletal remains, the archaeologist should make reference to the pubic symphysis and cranial sutures cranial sutures and diaphyseal fusion dental maturity and epiphyseal fusion radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology

dental maturity and epiphyseal fusion

Analysis of wear patterns on stone tools is useful in determining the age of the artifacts how the artifacts were used how long tools could be used before they wore out taphonomy

how artifacts were used

Archaeological deposits are layers of rock at archaeological sites funds used for archaeological research human cultural remains found in the ground documents used to identify the locations of archaeological materials

human cultural remains

When archaeologists leave cultural remains "in situ," they are leaving them in their place repositioning the remains according to how they would have been arranged thousands of years ago being careful to keep everything intact as they lift the remains out of the earth abandoning research of the remains

leaving them in their place

Sexual dimorphism refers to the characteristic in some animal species that males and females are readily distinguishable in their morphology males are always larger than females of the species most males are larger than most females, but some females are larger than some males environmental factors can cause a change of the sex of the developing individual

males and females are readily distinguishable in their morphology

The statement that describes the opposite of what a researcher intends to prove is called the null hypothesis scientific method false hypothesis anti-hypothesis

null hypothesis

A place where the material remains of human activity are found is called a fossil locality master sequence site ecofact

site

Scientific inquiry via the scientific method should NOT be objective shared reproducible subjective

subjective

Human teeth are useful in determining the age at which an individual died because the enamel forms in layers, one of which is deposited for approximately each year of life the teeth erupt in a known sequence at more or less fixed points in an individual's life the teeth fall out in a fixed sequence during an individual's life the human teeth are NOT useful in determining the age at which an individual died

the teeth erupt in a known sequence at more or less fixed points in an individuals life