Anthropology Final
Which of the following values was highly promoted as part of the precolonial Asante state and functioned as a way to stabilize the state?
Accumulation of wealth was a benefit to all of society
Which of the following is the most stigmatized variant of American English?
African American Vernacular English
Postmodernism argues which of the following:
All knowledge is influenced by the observer's culture and social position
Agriculture is generally associated with which of the following:
All of the above
Regarding the actual treatment and use of cows in India
All of the above
Which of the following are increasing trends among American families?
All of the above
Which of the following are true of Franz Boas:
All of the above
Which of the following are types of cultural rules about residence?
All of the above
Which of the following impact swidden practices?
All of the above
Which of the following issues did Claire Sterk face while doing research, according to the article "Tricking & Tripping: Field Work on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS"?
All of the above
Which of the following are assets that a shaman brings to healing a patient?
All of these are assets of the shaman
Which of the following undermines the traditional Tuareg women's status today?
All of these undermine their status today.
Which of the following is a way that anthropology is unique and different from other social sciences?
Anthropology works to create new and useful ways to think about culture.
In which New Guinea society did Margaret Mead find that both men and women were expected to act in ways that Americans consider "naturally feminine?"
Arapesh
What are two obligations Anthropologists have to the discipline of anthropology?
B and C B. Anthropologist should conduct themselves in ways that do not endanger the research prospects or lives of other anthropologists C. Anthropologists should believe that the primary purpose of research is to add to the general store of anthropological knowledge
What is a tension that exist in a matrilineal system, but does not occur in patrilineal systems?
B and D B. A man's loyalties are split between his own sons and his sisters' sons. D.The rights and responsibilities vested in male elders fall to a woman's brother rather than her husband.
What meaning did Bhangra have to young, urban, British-born South Asians?
Bhangra was a music of resistance articulating the problems of racism and the balancing of tradition and modernity.
The United States is culturally defined as what kind of class system?
Both C and D
During what historical period did the U.S. begin to shift from assimilation to multiculturalism?
Civil Rights Era
A theoretical position in anthropology that focuses on the relationship between the mind and society.
Cognitive anthropology
How is colonialism distinct from other trade relations?
Colonies were actively possessed by other countries for economic and political advantages.
Which of the following is false, according to the article "Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Race" (PBS)?
Colorblindness will end racism
Art must always be understood within its
Cultural context
Which of the following interests is NOT usually associated with the subdiscipline of Cultural Anthropology?
Cultural resource management
Margaret Mead and others who have studied childhood learning would be considered what kind of cultural theorists?
Culture and personality theorists
Which of the following describes feelings of alienation, loneliness, and isolation common to one who has been placed in a new culture?
Culture shock
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all cultures?
Cultures are transmitted biologically.
The VOC is also known as the
Dutch East India Company
After World War II and the decline of colonialism, virtually all nations were drawn into the conflict between
Eastern and Western bloc nations
In France, Orientalist art focused primarily on the subject of
Egypt
This term describes the attempt to find general principles or laws that govern cultural phenomena
Ethnology
Which of the following is the oldest form of human subsistence?
Foraging
Considered the most important critic of evolutionism, this person argued that anthropologists should not be collectors of tales and spinners of theories but should devote themselves to objective data collection through fieldwork.
Franz Boas
Which anthropologist was first hired to develop an anthropology program at the American Museum of Natural History?
Franz Boas
The integration of resources, labor, and capital into a global network is known as
Globalization
In "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari", why was Richard Lee (and the ox he bought to be slaughtered) the target of insults?
He had been stingy with his food during fieldwork and then talked proudly about his gift of the ox for the Christmas feast
Who is Fritz Scholder?
He is an artist who produces controversial and ambivalent art works associated with his own half-Indian, half-German ethnic background.
What does Ping Chong mean by the phrase "young man sitting on a cultural fence?"
He is referring to the ethnic diversity in New York.
How does Marvin Harris explain the sacredness of the cow in India?
He says that cows are sacred because they are essential to the subsistence (agricultural) system in India and killing them could cause the downfall of the system
A theoretical position in anthropology associated with American anthropologists of the early 20th century that focuses on providing objective descriptions of cultures within their historical and environmental contexts.
Historical particularism
Tribes are primarily found among which subsistence groups?
Horticulturalists and pastoralists
Which statement about biology and culture is most correct?
Human biology and culture both shape and are shaped by each other.
According to the article "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari", why is "enforcing humility" important in !Kung society?
Humility is important for encouraging sharing and equality in this society
What is the "cultural defense" and when can it be used?
In the U.S., it is a defense an immigrant husband can invoke to attempt to explain why he has perpetrated domestic violence against his wife
Anthropologist Kathleen Adams studied the impact of global tourism on the indigenous arts and identities of the Toraja of
Indonesia
One of the most critical aspects of anthropological ethics is:
Informed consent
This term describes an object, a way of thinking, and or a way of behaving that is new because it is qualitatively different from existing forms.
Innovation
Which of the following statements about Inuit child-rearing is true?
Inuit children are discouraged from asking direct questions and primarily learn through observation and experientially.
Which of the following most characterizes a caste system?
It is based on ascribed status.
Which of the following statements about race is correct?
It is not a natural category and is based on cultural and social fact only
According to Rudyard Kipling, what was "the white man's burden?
It was the responsibility to bring "civilization" (or a European way of life) to the non-Europeans.
Studying the internal workings of language is known as:
Linguistics
According to the article "Baseball Magic" by George Gmelch, which of the following statements is true?
Magic gives players a sense of control and added confidence
Under neolocal residence rules:
Married couples create their own households.
Following the 1965 immigration laws, what happened to Muslim immigration into the United States?
More highly skilled and educated Muslims migrated to the United States
In the era of postcolonialism, there has been large-scale migration throughout the world, but especially to Europe. Which migrating group has faced the most discrimination and violence?
Muslims
Which of the following individuals helped found the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and served as the institute's first director:
Nevin Scrimshaw
Which of the following is not a fundamental force in linguistic change?
None of the above
The Nacirema are found in:
North America
A nuclear family is best described as
Organized around the relationship between husband and wife.
This term describes the sound system of a language:
Phonology
This theory holds that female subordination is based on women's universal role as mothers and homemakers.
Public/private dichotomy
Comparisons of Brazilian and American racial stratification systems can be said to indicate
Racial inequality exists in societies with very different cultural constructions of race
Scott Joplin faced segregation and discrimination in the United States during his era despite his enormous popularity as a musician and composer. With which type of music is he most associated?
Ragtime
In what kinds of rituals do we tend to find liminality?
Rites of passage
What are the three stages in rites of passage?
Separation, liminality, and reincorporation
Currently in the U.S., which areas of the economy are projected to experience growth?
Service and retail
Why does anthropologist Carole McGranahan advocate for Nepali refugees in U.S. courts?
She provides expert testimony regarding the current state of political instability to aid them in procuring legalized refugee status in the U.S.
Why does Laura Bohannan decide to tell the Tiv people the story of Hamlet in the article "Shakespeare in the Bush"?
She wanted to prove that Hamlet has a universal meaning that everyone can understand
In setting up the Joplin House Historic Site, anthropologists and historians found all of the following EXCEPT
St. Louis required a series of permits for work on the site and the neighborhood had to approve of the renovation project in advance.
Ethnic divisions are commonly found within which type of political organization?
States
In which kind of society do we most commonly find elites?
Stratified societies
A group within a society that shares norms and values significantly different from those of the dominant culture
Subculture
A theoretical position in anthropology that focuses on understanding cultures by discovering and analyzing the symbols that are most important to their members.
Symbolic anthropology
What is the major narrative of ethnicity in the United States?
The US is a nation of immigrants who are welcomed into this country to pursue freedom and the "American Dream"
Why did the Chagossians find themselves stranded in Mauritius?
The United States and British governments took control of their lands and evicted them from their homeland of Diego Garcia.
Under avunculocal residence rules:
The couple usually lives with the husband's mother's brother's family.
Which of the following statements about social control mechanisms in the state is correct?
The government has a monopoly on the use of force.
What is cultural relativism?
The idea that cultures should be analyzed with reference to their own histories and values rather than according to the value of another culture
Which historical era has been considered the most violent and brutal in human history?
The last 100 years of history
What is the etic perspective?
The scientific perspective
Which of the following affects how the Tiv understand the story of Hamlet told by Laura Bohannan in the article "Shakespeare in the Bush"?
Their belief that widows should marry their brother-in-law if their husband dies
Which of the following statements about social mobility is correct?
There are possibilities for social mobility within class systems, although there are also constraints to mobility.
Which of the following statements is correct?
There are some cultural universals, but there is no single explanation about how they developed.
What is true about family relationships among the Mosuo (or Na) of China described in the "Land of the Walking Marriage" article?
There is no marriage recognized in the culture; men only visit women temporarily (at night) and leave. Fathers do not have obligations to their children. Families consist of the women, their children, and their maternal relatives.
Which of the following is true, regarding Fa'afafine people?
They are biologically male, but embody both masculine and feminine traits
What are religious myths?
They are stories about events, people, and gods/spirits that members of a religion hold to be sacred and true.
What do The Gap, Old Navy, and Banana Republic have in common?
They have stocked consumer goods that were produced in factories with poor working conditions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all religions?
They involve the belief in a supreme deity
Why do people outside of India often have trouble making sense of the sacredness of cows there?
They think that given the high level of poverty, people should be eating cows/beef
Polyandry is relatively rare, but is found mainly in what geographic region(s)?
Tibet and Nepal
What was the primary goal of European colonialism?
To extract wealth from colonies
In general terms, why might a multinational corporation hire an applied anthropologist?
To solve a range of practical problems associated with business
Descent group membership based on links through either the maternal or the paternal line, but not both, is known as:
Unilineal descent
This term describes a basic set of principles, conditions, and rules that form the foundation of all languages
Universal Grammar
This person described the deeply impoverished lives, terrible working conditions, and hopelessness of workers in Chicago's slaughterhouses.
Upton Sinclair
What anthropologist holds that most homelessness in the United States results from neoliberalism?
Vincent Lyon-Callo
Which of the following crops is most important to the Musha?
Wheat
Which of the following statements is correct?
When religion does not meet the needs of its followers, prophets may come forth to create new religions.
Which of the following is true regarding Sworn Virgins in Albania?
Women choose to become Sworn Virgins out of social and economic necessity
Bhangra is
a type of Punjabi folk music mixed with British pop music and reggae
Myth (or sacred narrative) is
an active force that functions to strengthen tradition
Status that is based on one's birth is called ____________ and is found most commonly associated with ______________.
ascribed status; closed class systems
Torajan tongkonan are
carved houses for ancestral spirits
Unlike chiefdoms, in state societies __________ most commonly regulates social relations between different social strata and defines an individual's rights and duties.
citizenship
An individual who switches from African American Vernacular English to Standard American English must learn which of the following
code-switching
The unpaid work demanded of native populations by a governing authority was called
corveé labor
Anthropology teaches us that the biggest differences among human groups result from:
culture
Flipping coins and reading your horoscope are classified as
divination
Navajo songs as art forms
do not permit improvisation
Peggy Sanday argues that men's dominance is not universal and is attached to
ecological stress and warfare.
In the United States, racial groups and social classes tend to be:
endogamous
Biological anthropology includes all of the following specialties EXCEPT:
ethnology
According to the textbook, one of the most important anthropological roles of museums is
exhibiting non-Western art
All of the following are highly associated with a caste EXCEPT
exogamy
Fishing, hunting, and collecting vegetable food is known as?
foraging
Gell's research in Polynesia shows that tattooing is a way for individuals to
form relationships with the sacred
Different languages have different subclasses of nouns, frequently referred to as __________
genders
Linguists use a statistical technique called ________________ to estimate the date of separation of related languages, to discover historic relationships among languages, and to group languages into families.
glottochronology
The total value of all of a nation's production and its estimate of national prosperity is called the
gross national income
Anthropology is distinct from other academic disciplines because it embraces:
holism
The Spanish bullfight is an aesthetic performance. The "matador" has the primary goal of displaying his behavior as:
honorable
Proponents of _______________ argue that development fails when it focuses on large-scale projects and technological change and pays too little attention to improving the lives of the poor.
human needs approaches
Speech is critical in the construction of ___________
identity
In the U.S., the most important determinant of social class is
income
In Claire Sterk's article, "Tricking & Tripping: Field Work on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS" the author
is interested in women's own perspectives of their lives and prostitution
There were many effects of slavery. The massive transport of people have all of the following effects EXCEPT
it stabilized governments in Africa
Kin groups that trace descent from a common ancestor and who can demonstrate those genealogical links among themselves are called:
lineages
Richard Wrangham argues that all of the following were significant to human evolution EXCEPT:
longer digestive tracts than our primate relatives.
The cultural importance of henna in Morocco is primarily associated with
marriage
One example of institutionalized liminality is a
monastery
In an attempt to deal with educational disparities in Brazil, the Brazilian government recently passed a new law requiring public universities to reserve _____ of their seats for the mostly poor students in Brazil's public schools.
one-half
For the Inuit of Baffin Island, a set of economic practices known as ningiqtuq can best be described as:
ordering the flow of goods and food across individuals, families, and entire communities
The shared beliefs and values that legitimize the distribution and use of power in a society is
political ideology
Chiefdoms are classified as
rank societies
When one group attempts to replace one political structure with another, it is called
revolution
The functionalist perspective of social stratification argues that
rewards available to some individuals in a society motivates people to take on difficult and/or risky tasks for the benefit of the whole society
In Nairobi, Kenya, 'street boys' earn money in all of the following ways except
selling sex on the street
Sounds and words alone do not make up a language. To convey meaning, every language has ___________, rules that structure the combination of words into meaningful utterances.
syntax
Plasticity describes:
the ability of humans to change their behavior in response to a wide range of environmental and social demands.
In foraging societies, an important source of women's power is:
the amount of food they contribute.
The agricultural revolution began with:
the domestication of plants and animals.
Linguistic anthropologists focus on all of the following EXCEPT:
the evolution of vocal cords.
According to Horace Miner in "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema", Nacirema ritual is based on the belief that:
the human body has a natural tendency to get sick and diseased.
Today, with the greater understanding of the complexity and variability in gender stratification systems, anthropologists focus on studying:
the incidence of gender stratification cross-culturally
In anthropology, "culture" refers to:
the way members of a society adapt to their environment and give meaning to their lives
The hijab commonly carries all of the following meanings EXCEPT
the woman is unmarried
Anthropologist Ann Dunham's research in Indonesia showed that:
there was a scarcity of capital in the small Indonesian villages; for development projects to succeed, local women needed to be involved in many types of market ventures.
All of the following statements about multinational corporations and pollution are correct EXCEPT
they are leading the fight for more stringent environmental protection around the world
All of the following are associated with worldwide political instability EXCEPT
traditional peoples are increasingly asserting their independence from wealthy nations.
In his research about homelessness, anthropologist Lyon-Callo found that a major problem is
unemployment and lack of affordable housing are the most serious issues of homelessness
Gerry Mshana and his colleagues found that many people in Tanzania attributed outbreaks of HIV/AIDS to
witchcraft
It is estimated that ______ percent of the New World native peoples died of disease as a result of contact with Europeans.
95
What are two major explanations of social stratification?
A and B
Which of the following is NOT associated with global warming?
A decrease in accessibility of fossil fuels
Pastoralism can best be described as:
A food-getting strategy that depends on the care of domesticated herd animals
Agriculture can best be described by which of the following?
A form of food production in which fields are in permanent cultivation using plows, animals, and techniques of soil and water control
Between the end of the 15 th century and the end of the 19 th century, approximately how many human slaves were exported from Africa to the Americas?
11.7 million
After what year did Brazil abolish slavery and attempt to 'whiten' its population by encouraging European immigration and teaching only Euro-Brazilian history and culture?
1888
Approximately how many Latino immigrants and their descendants are in the U.S. today?
21 million
What percent of the world's societies are traditionally neolocal?
5%
By 2008, the percentage of people living in urban areas worldwide reached:
50 percent
High gods, or gods who are creator gods, are found in approximately what percentage of societies?
50 percent
By 1999, world population had reached
6 billion
The United Nations Human Development Index, which measures national quality of life, ranks Brazil ______ in the world.
74th
After ______, ethnographic and social science research on immigrant Muslim communities increased, indicating increasing American hostility toward Muslims
9/11