Anthropology Test #1

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life evolves

According to lecture, what is the core proposition of evolutionary thought

bigger brains, parabolic dental arcade, smaller teeth, erect posture

As fossils of our human ancestors become more recent, what 4 trends do we see

ethnocentrism

Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best

integrated

Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is

nested hierarchy

Big groups of species that share a few traits, subdivided into smaller groups sharing more traits

symbolic

Culture means controlling symbols that give meaning

Laetoli footprints

Dating to 3.6 million years ago, where was evidence for bipedalism confirmed by the discovery of fossilized footprints

residual culture

Fat Elvis is an example of which faction

vestigial

Features of a species that was an adaptation in its ancestor, but has either lost its usefulness completely or has been co-opted for another use

persuasion

For a big man in a non-state society, what is the most powerful and valuable tool

ethnography

In cultural anthropology, scholarly work about a specific way of life

theories

Key elements of the scientific method, which both explains things and guides research

learned, shared, symbolic, naturalized, integrated, dynamic

Name the 6 characteristics of culture

prehistory

Of great concern to anthropology, the term for the long stretch of time before the development of writing

adavism

Rare recurrence in an organism of a trait or character typical of an ancestral form

E.B. Tylor

The 19th century British anthropologist credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective

band, tribe, chiefdom, state

The 4 types of political organization

evolution, gradualism, common ancestors, speciation, natural selection, non-selective mechanisms

The 6 components of Darwinism

Franz Boas

The American anthropologist responsible fr the concept of historical particularism

Franz Boas

The father of modern anthropology and proponent of cultural relativism

H. Heidelbergensis

The hominin that gave rise to Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans

culture

The learned and shared knowledge that people use to generate behavior and interpret experience

cultural relativism

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices

traditions

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture

Sahelanthropus Tchadensis

The oldest homin

foraging

The only mode of subsistence for over 99% of like of genus homo

holistic

The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety

enculturation

The process by which a society's culture is passed on from one generation to the next

aculturation

The processes of change in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that result from the contact of two or more cultures

biogeography

The study of the distribution of species on Earth

archaeology

The sub-field of anthropology studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on the rise of cities

biological anthropology

The sub-field of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition

paleoanthropology

The sub-field of biological anthropology that specializes in the study of fossilized bones and teeth of our earliest ancestors

tacit

The term for the kind of culture we lack words for

anthropology

The term for the study of human nature, human society, and the human past

functionalism

The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society

cultural ecology

The way people use their culture to adapt to a particular environment

biological cultural

What are the 2 ways in which anthropology is evolutionary

dominant, residual, emergent

What are the 3 factions of culture

the industrial revolution

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people

coxigial projection

When a human has a tail

homo erectus/ergaster

Which ancestral species of humans was the first to leave Africa

tiktaalik

Which fossil is a great example of a missing link demonstrating the transition from fish to amphibians

E.B. Tylor

Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution


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