Anthropology Test #1
life evolves
According to lecture, what is the core proposition of evolutionary thought
bigger brains, parabolic dental arcade, smaller teeth, erect posture
As fossils of our human ancestors become more recent, what 4 trends do we see
ethnocentrism
Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best
integrated
Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is
nested hierarchy
Big groups of species that share a few traits, subdivided into smaller groups sharing more traits
symbolic
Culture means controlling symbols that give meaning
Laetoli footprints
Dating to 3.6 million years ago, where was evidence for bipedalism confirmed by the discovery of fossilized footprints
residual culture
Fat Elvis is an example of which faction
vestigial
Features of a species that was an adaptation in its ancestor, but has either lost its usefulness completely or has been co-opted for another use
persuasion
For a big man in a non-state society, what is the most powerful and valuable tool
ethnography
In cultural anthropology, scholarly work about a specific way of life
theories
Key elements of the scientific method, which both explains things and guides research
learned, shared, symbolic, naturalized, integrated, dynamic
Name the 6 characteristics of culture
prehistory
Of great concern to anthropology, the term for the long stretch of time before the development of writing
adavism
Rare recurrence in an organism of a trait or character typical of an ancestral form
E.B. Tylor
The 19th century British anthropologist credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective
band, tribe, chiefdom, state
The 4 types of political organization
evolution, gradualism, common ancestors, speciation, natural selection, non-selective mechanisms
The 6 components of Darwinism
Franz Boas
The American anthropologist responsible fr the concept of historical particularism
Franz Boas
The father of modern anthropology and proponent of cultural relativism
H. Heidelbergensis
The hominin that gave rise to Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans
culture
The learned and shared knowledge that people use to generate behavior and interpret experience
cultural relativism
The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices
traditions
The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture
Sahelanthropus Tchadensis
The oldest homin
foraging
The only mode of subsistence for over 99% of like of genus homo
holistic
The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety
enculturation
The process by which a society's culture is passed on from one generation to the next
aculturation
The processes of change in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that result from the contact of two or more cultures
biogeography
The study of the distribution of species on Earth
archaeology
The sub-field of anthropology studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on the rise of cities
biological anthropology
The sub-field of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition
paleoanthropology
The sub-field of biological anthropology that specializes in the study of fossilized bones and teeth of our earliest ancestors
tacit
The term for the kind of culture we lack words for
anthropology
The term for the study of human nature, human society, and the human past
functionalism
The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society
cultural ecology
The way people use their culture to adapt to a particular environment
biological cultural
What are the 2 ways in which anthropology is evolutionary
dominant, residual, emergent
What are the 3 factions of culture
the industrial revolution
What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people
coxigial projection
When a human has a tail
homo erectus/ergaster
Which ancestral species of humans was the first to leave Africa
tiktaalik
Which fossil is a great example of a missing link demonstrating the transition from fish to amphibians
E.B. Tylor
Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution