AP 25

For children there are ________ essential amino acids. A) 8 B) 10 C) 20 D) 6 E) 2

B) 10

Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are examples of A) lipoproteins. B) essential fatty acids. C) transport proteins. D) essential amino acids. E) vitamins.

B) essential fatty acids.

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest. A) glycogen B) glucose C) protein D) fat E) All of the above have the same rate.

B) glucose

In most tissues, the transport of glucose into the cell is dependent on the presence of a carrier protein that is stimulated by which of the following? A) lactase B) insulin C) chylomicrons D) pyruvate

B) insulin

Choose the correct statement regarding glycolysis. A) NAD accepts carbon atoms that can be transferred to mitochondria. B) It occurs in the mitochondrion. C) There is a net gain of two ATP molecules for each glucose molecule converted to two molecules of pyruvate. D) It is an aerobic process that breaks down a six-carbon glucose molecule into two three-carbon molecules of pyruvate.

C) There is a net gain of two ATP molecules for each glucose molecule converted to two molecules of pyruvate.

During lipolysis A) lipids are converted into glucose molecules. B) lipids are metabolized to yield ATP. C) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. D) lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates. E) triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA.

C) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are A) carbohydrates. B) vitamins. C) nucleic acids. D) fats. E) proteins.

D) fats.

Urea is formed in the A) kidneys. B) small intestine. C) large intestine. D) liver. E) stomach.

D) liver.

In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is ________, yielding a different amino acid. A) absorbed by water B) converted to urea C) transferred to acetyl-CoA D) transferred to another molecule E) converted to ammonia

D) transferred to another molecule

Why is glucose the primary energy source for cells? A) It can be efficiently stored as glycogen, which forms compact, insoluble granules. B) Glycolysis provides a large amount of ATP. C) Glucose is a large, insoluble molecule. D) Glycogenolysis occurs very quickly, even though it is a very complex pathway.

A) It can be efficiently stored as glycogen, which forms compact, insoluble granules.

When chyme arrives in the duodenum, CCK release triggers the secretion of which enzyme? A) pancreatic alpha-amylase B) GIP C) salivary amylase D) maltase

A) pancreatic alpha-amylase

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the A) postabsorptive state. B) deprivation state. C) preabsorptive state. D) starvation state. E) absorptive state.

A) postabsorptive state.

During the absorptive state, A) the liver forms glycogen and insulin levels are elevated. B) skeletal muscle breaks down glycogen. C) adipocytes release fatty acids to the circulation. D) insulin levels are elevated. E) the liver forms glycogen.

A) the liver forms glycogen and insulin levels are elevated.

________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. A) Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) B) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) C) Very-high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs) D) High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) E) Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)

D) High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

In the human body, cholesterol is important because it A) is a lipid component of all cell membranes. B) is a key constituent of bile. C) is the precursor of several steroid hormones and vitamin D3. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D) all of the above

Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe A) elevated levels of glucocorticoids. B) ketone bodies in his urine. C) lowered blood pH. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D) all of the above

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are the A) HDLs. B) VLDLs. C) LDLs. D) chylomicrons. E) none of the above

D) chylomicrons.

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces A) acetyl-CoA. B) water. C) ketone bodies. D) nitrate. E) urea.

E) urea.